基于目标反射回光对高功率光纤激光器影响的理论模型和数值研究

在高功率光纤激光系统中,常会出现激光照射到目标处产生的回光被重新耦合到激光器内部并得到放大,从而损伤激光系统的现象.对于高功率光谱合成光纤激光系统等缺乏有效回光防护的高功率激光系统,该情况尤为严重.为了解决上述问题,有必要综合整个系统链路中的多种物理效应,评估和分析反射回光对系统运转状态的影响,在设计光纤激光器时优化光路布局和系统结构,以尽量避免不必要的损失.本文基于大气传输理论、光纤速率方程和介质热传导方程模型,分析了反向回光对高功率光纤激光器的影响.研究发现,在大气条件一定的情况下,回光功率与传输距离、光轴偏移角度、光束发散角和光束中心位置偏移量等因素有关,并且会影响光纤激光器输出功率、光束质量因子、热效应和受激拉曼散射光谱信噪比.研究结果对于优化高能光纤激光系统的外光路布局和激光器内部器件系统参数设计具有一定的指导意义.     

大口径谐振腔式固体激光中的动力学不稳定性研究

大口径谐振腔式固体激光定标到足够高功率后,由于非稳定腔内激光不对称振荡导致介质上激光强度横向不均匀,激光提取与介质产热耦合会引起激光输出功率和光束质量在时域上的不稳定性。针对三种激光器构型:Nd:YAG薄片、Yb:YAG薄片和浸入式液冷叠片激光器,通过理论分析与数值模拟揭示了其各自不同的光热耦合机制及其影响因素,给出了激光输出的瞬态演化规律。结果表明,前两种构型中基于激光动力学的光热耦合具有饱和效应,其动力学不稳定性只出现在特定参数区间,可以通过恰当的设计加以避免;第三种构型中动力学不稳定性表现出明显的阈值特征,在强光状态下只能通过减少冷却液吸收系数来抑制。     

用于激光推进的高功率激光器的选择

 从激光推进的要求出发，阐述了用于激光推进的高功率激光器的选择原则，即激光器必须满足：（1）高的平均功率和峰值功率；（2）高的单脉冲能量；（3）高的重复频率；（4）优良的大气传输特性。主要分析了目前YAG固体激光器、自由电子激光器和TEA脉冲CO₂激光器的特点，通过上述4个方面性能的比较，认为在目前水平下，TEA脉冲CO₂激光器是进行激光推进的首选强激光源，其优点表现在：功率可达10kW量级，单脉冲能量可达0.5~1kJ，重复频率为20~40Hz；激光波长处于大气传输窗口，对大气变化不敏感；工作物质快速流动，不存在热透镜效应和破坏阈值；相关光学元件易于制造；光束质量较好；运行成本低。     

千瓦级二极管泵浦热容固体激光器

热容激光器与常规的高功率固体激光器的本质区别是激光介质的热管理方式不同，常规高功率固体激光器是边工作边冷却，而热容式激光器采用了工作时间和冷却时间相分离的热管理模式。因此热容激光器不再受介质断裂极限限制，可提高平均输出功率，同时由于工作时介质内部不存在显著的温差、热应力，可有效减小光程畸变提高光束质量。     

高能固体激光系统设计及性能评估

近年来高能固体激光器研究及小型电源技术取得了很大的进展,使得利用电源提供能量的高能激光器在近期的应用成为可望实现的目标.但由于高能激光系统设计复杂,且造价高,需要在激光系统设计制造之前对系统性价比进行优化,并对系统性能进行评估.其中选择激光器主要考虑激光波长位于大气窗口,使得经大气传输后激光能量衰减尽可能小;光学系统设计主要考虑物理光学效应的限制及增加自适应光学系统对大气效应引起的光束畸变进行校正.大气传输与补偿模拟程序可对包括高能激光系统、激光大气传输效应等进行全程数值模拟,从而可在高能激光系统设计制造之前对系统性能进行评估,或对现有高能激光系统性能及其对靶目标的损伤效果进行评估.     

高功率二极管列阵泵浦固体激光泵浦耦合优化设计

 高功率二极管阵列泵浦固体激光系统的核心在于泵浦耦合技术,泵浦耦合直接决定了系统的成本、增益能力、增益均匀性、泵浦引发动态波前畸变和泵浦引发动态光束漂移等关键问题。通过对用于高功率二极管列阵泵浦固体激光系统泵浦耦合优化设计的3维光线追迹方法的研究,从二极管发光远场属性出发,建立其理论计算模型,对高功率激光二极管阵列端面泵浦大口径放大器的一种新型耦合方式——二极管列阵拟球面排列、空心镀银导管耦合进行了优化设计,并开展了泵浦耦合效率、泵浦场均匀性、泵浦场传输性等实验研究,实现了72%耦合效率、5 mm内80%传输效率的均匀平顶泵浦耦合场输出,理论计算与实验结果符合较好。     

边缘抽运复合Yb:YAG/YAG薄片激光器设计与功率扩展

设计了边缘抽运复合Yb:YAG/YAG薄片激光器.薄片激光器的显著优点是热梯度和激光传输方向相同，减小了横向的温度梯度，解决了高功率激光器冷却和高功率抽运的矛盾，避免了放大的自发辐射. 与高功率棒状和板条激光器相比，一维空间冷却理论和边缘抽运理论可以获得更高的功率输出，列举了两种高功率Yb:YAG/YAG薄片激光器设计实例. 关键词： 固体激光器 薄片激光 边缘抽运 功率扩展     

高功率激光在非均匀大气中传输的自聚焦效应研究进展

地基激光空间碎片清除和利用激光辐射把转换的太阳能从空间轨道输运到地面等应用中,不可避免地遇到高功率激光在非均匀大气中的传输问题。由于激光功率已远远超过大气非线性自聚焦临界功率,大气自聚焦效应是影响光束质量的一个重要物理因素。概述了近年来国内外高功率激光在非均匀大气中上行或下行传输的自聚焦效应研究进展,主要介绍了高功率激光在非均匀大气中的传输模型、理论基础、数值和解析研究方法,着重介绍了自聚焦效应对激光传输特性和光束质量的影响,并总结了优化靶面光束质量的方案。此外,还介绍了大气群速度色散效应和大气湍流效应等物理因素对激光光束质量的影响。最后,还提出了该领域值得进一步深入研究的一些问题。     

高功率全光纤光载微波信号功率放大器

为获得可应用于光载微波雷达系统的高功率双频激光源,用1 064nm窄线宽Nd∶YAG单块非平面环形腔激光器作为单频种子源,其输出分为两路,一路直接耦合入光纤,另一路经声光移频,与未移频的光束合束后获得中心频差为150 MHz、功率为20mW的双频激光.利用以半导体激光泵浦和掺Yb3+石英光纤为增益介质的3级主振荡功率放大系统对双频固体激光器输出的双频激光进行放大,获得50.3W的双频放大输出,光束质量因子为1.30,第三级主放大斜效率为74%.双频成分的幅度比、频差在放大过程中得到保持,拍频调制深度及信噪比等特性也未有恶化.双频光纤功率放大器在频差稳定和高功率输出等方面均有良好的表现.     

“之字形”光路薄管固体激光大气长程传输光束质量分析

“之字形”光路薄管固体激光是一种结构紧凑、增益高且利于发射的新型激光光源。针对薄管固体激光光源及其大气长程传输过程中的光束质量退化问题,提出了基于直角锥面变形镜的薄管激光校正方法,进而通过建立薄管激光校正模型以及大气长程传输模型,开展了薄管激光大气长程传输光束质量分析。首先,针对大遮拦比窄环宽环形光束与发射系统的匹配问题,提供了一种薄管激光环形光束整形变换方案,有效实现了薄管激光的整形和变换。然后,分析了薄管激光光源光束质量、大气湍流效应和热晕效应等对整形变换后的薄管激光大气长程传输特性的影响,进而明确了薄管激光大气长程传输光束质量退化机理。最后,分析了直角锥面变形镜对薄管激光的光源畸变、大气湍流的低频分量和热晕导致的离焦相位等的校正效果。结果表明,经过直角锥面变形镜的校正,薄管激光光源光束质量明显改善,大气长程传输后的远场光束质量有所提高。若进一步配合常规变形镜进行联合校正,薄管激光大气长程传输后的远场光束质量可得到显著提升。     

Effects of laser intensity and ambient conditions on the laser-induced plume

Laser ablation presents a promising technique for material processing. The quality of products is strongly influenced by the properties of the laser-induced plume. In compressible flow, the ambient conditions can be transmitted upstream. Therefore, the laser ablation process is strongly affected by the ambient conditions. In this paper, the effects of laser intensity, back pressure and temperature on the laser-induced plume were studied using a numerical model, which calculates the density, pressure and temperature of the laser-induced plume at different laser intensity and ambient conditions. The results are in agreement with experimental results available in the literature and can be used for the optimization of the pulsed laser deposition process.     

Optical losses in dielectric apertured terahertz VCSEL

The resonant wavelength and mode radius of the fundamental modes supported by an oxide apertured terahertz vertical surface emitting laser are determined from Gaussian resonant theory and scalar variational method. The reflectivity of the Bragg mirror is calculated for the lowest modes and it decreases as the aperture size decreases. The aperture radius, thickness, and axial position in the cavity are shown to be an important factor for high efficiency vertical cavity surface emitting lasers and single mode operation. When the aperture size is much larger than the emitting wavelength, the optical loss is negligible. However, the optical loss strongly depends on the aperture size and thickness when aperture size is similar to or smaller than emitting wavelength.     

Theoretical and experimental investigations of the temperature dependent continuous wave lasing characteristics and the switch-on dynamics of an InAs/InGaAs quantum-dot semiconductor laser

We investigate spectrally resolved continuous wave (CW) and spectrally and time-resolved switch-on emission properties of an InAs/InGaAs quantum-dot laser. The temperature and injection current dependence of the excited-state and ground-state emission dynamics is studied in the range between 20 °C and 50 °C under CW and gain-switching operation. All the experimental results are found to be in good agreement with simulation results based on a multi-population rate equation model incorporating all of the peculiar properties of the quantum-dot material as homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of the emission linewidth, different dynamics for electrons and holes, cascaded and direct capture paths of carriers from the wetting layer into the dot and Auger non-radiative recombination. This coincidence between simulations and experiments allows explaining the complicated behavior of the CW characteristics and the switch-on dynamics in the investigated temperature range.     

Neodimium laser pulse annealing and decomposition of ion-implanted GaAs

Summary The amorphous-to-single crystal transition induced by high-power Nd laser pulse has been studied in ion-implanted GaAs by taking advantage of the high-absorption coefficient of amorphous material. A threshold energy density of about 0.8 J/cm² has been measured for both 50 keV Te⁺ and 100 Ar⁺ implants. Channelling effect and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques indicate that no appreciable As loss occurs in a narrow energy density window just above threshold. High-energy densities cause instead As loss from the near surface region. Visiting scientist on the basis of I.N.F.N. Academia Sinica cultural exchange plan.     

Investigation of nanoparticle generation during femtosecond laser ablation of metals

The production of nanoparticles via femtosecond laser ablation of gold and copper is investigated experimentally involving measurements of the ablated mass, plasma diagnostics, and analysis of the nanoparticle size distribution. The targets were irradiated under vacuum with a spot of uniform energy distribution. Only a few laser pulses were applied to each irradiation site to make sure that the plume expansion dynamics were not altered by the depth of the laser-produced crater. Under these conditions, the size distribution of nanoparticles does not exhibit a maximum and the particle abundance monotonously decreases with size. Furthermore, the results indicate that two populations of nanoparticles exist within the plume: small clusters that are more abundant in the fast frontal plume component and larger particles that are located mostly at the back. It is shown that the ablation efficiency is strongly related to the presence of nanoparticles in the plume.     

激光磁共振方法测量CO激光器的频率稳定度

对于频率不能连续调谐的CO激光器,采用一种新的激光频率稳定度的测量方法是以分子的激光磁共振谱线为基准,通过测量分子的激光磁共振谱线线宽及其变化,然后用阿仑方差进行数据处理,即得出了一系列时畴下的CO激光频率稳定度,并用计算机对取样时间从0.1秒-1000秒的频率稳定度进行幂函数拟合,获得了频畴的CO激光频率稳定度的表达式。     

激光磁共振方法测量C0激光器的频率稳定度

对于频率不能连续调谐的CO激光器,采用一种新的激光频率稳定度的测量方法是以分子的激光磁共振谱线为基准,通过测量分子的激光磁共振谱线线宽及其变化,然后用阿仑方差进行数据处理,即得出了一系列时畴下的CO激光频率稳定度,并用计算机对取样时间从0.1秒-1000秒的频率稳定度进行幂函数拟合,获得了频畴的CO激光频率稳定度的表达式。     

Focusing effects in nonlinear resonant four-wave mixing (RFWM) MIR and FIR generation

Summary The influence of pump beam geometry in a NH₃ superradiant Raman FIR laser with RFWM generation of MIR emission has been analysed. We have observed that, in general, MIR radiation is emitted in a stimulated configuration, so pump and MIR beam overlap is basically important to exhibit an efficient RFWM. In particular, strong focusing, also in the presence of self-focusing, shows a lowering of the threshold of Raman FIR emission, as expected, plus a reduction of RFWM MIR emission. COMB-Arrich., CRE Frascati.     

CO2,X (X=CO2, N2, He,NH3) pressure broadening and shift at 10 μm by using a mode tunable RF CO2 laser

Summary By using a mode tunable CO₂ radiofrequency excited laser we have measured the pressure broadening and the shift of many CO₂ laser lines perturbed by different gases (CO₂, N₂, He, NH₃). While the broadening data agree with the previous work results, this technique allows a more accurate shift measurement. In particular the broadening and shift coefficients due to ammonia are measured for the first time.

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Riassunto Mediante un laser CO₂ alimentato a radiofrequenza ed accordabile in modo su singola riga 510 MHz noi abbiamo misurato sia l’allargamento che lo spostamento per pressione delle righe delle transizioni laser dovuti a differenti perturbatori X (X=CO₂, NH₃, N₂, He). I dati di allargamento confermano le misure precedenti mentre quelli di spostamento sono in parziale disaccordo. I dati per il sistema CO₂, X (X=NH₃) sono riportati per la prima volta.

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Резюме Используя CO₂ лазер с радиочастотным возбуждением, мы измеряем уширение под действием давления и сдвиг CO₂-лазерных линий, возмущенных различными газами (CO₂, N₂, He, NH₃). Данные по уширению согласуются с результатами предыдущих работ. Однако используемая техника позволяет провести более точные измерения сдвига. В частности, впервые были измерены коэффициенты уширения и сдвига, обусловленные аммиаком.