2维电感加载和电容加载传输线介质板中的隧道效应

 分析了平面电压波与一对2维电感加载传输线和电容加载传输线介质板的相互作用,在共轭匹配的条件下,推导出了传输线介质板内外的电压分布,并着重讨论了倏逝波和传播波波数的取值方法。仿真结果显示,这对介质板前面的电压幅度和相位与后面的电压幅度和相位是相同的,这说明了电压波的每一个空间傅里叶成分,包括电压传播波和电压倏逝波,能够完全通过这对共轭匹配板,表明在板中存在很强的隧道效应。     

含负折射率介质的多层结构中倏逝波传播及隧道效应的分析

研究了倏逝波在含负折射率介质的多层平板结构中的传播特性，解析地分析了倏逝波在不同结构参数下的放大或衰减规律及其原因以及能流的分布，并着重讨论了负折射率介质的损耗对隧道效应的影响，最后通过模拟高斯光束在该结构中的传播和能量储存，形象地给出了负折射率介质的损耗对倏逝波的影响和对光子隧道效应的减弱. 关键词： 负折射率介质 倏逝波 隧道效应     

基于倏逝波谐振的空气栅光子晶体F-P腔折射率传感特性研究

基于倏逝波理论和光学谐振原理,研究了倏逝波在光子晶体中的存在形式及空气栅光子晶体F-P腔的折射率传感机理,并建立谐振波长与待测气体折射率的关系模型。当入射光以大于全反射临界角的角度入射到光子晶体中,由于倏逝波的作用,在中心介质层形成F-P腔并产生谐振,电磁场被局部增强,与待测气体充分作用,从而使该传感结构对待测气体的折射率具有较高的敏感性。利用传输矩阵理论进行数值模拟,结果表明,折射率传感的Q值可达3447.0,灵敏度可达1260.0 nm/RIU,证明该光子晶体F-P腔折射率传感结构具有很好的传感特性,可为高精度气体折射率传感器的设计与应用提供一定的理论参考。     

Metamaterials电磁特性的数值仿真研究

利用HFSS软件，对电磁波在左手材料中的后向波传输、平板成像特性和近零折射率媒质的定向辐射特性进行了全波仿真研究，分别验证了左手材料与近零折射率媒质的上述特性。利用AnsoftDesigner软件，对去掉并联电感和去掉串联电容的、基于微带线的两种简化的左右手复合传输线构成的具有磁单负和电单负特性介质的电磁特性进行了仿真研究，验证了电磁波在匹配的MNG-ENG介质对结构的隧穿特性。     

负折射率介质测试装置设计与测试

为深人了解负折射率媒质的奇异传输特性,基于斯涅耳折射原理,设计并加工了一种用于测试X波段((8.2-12.4GHz),以亚铁磁材料为基体,内嵌金属线阵列宏结构的负折射率介质样品折射特性的实验装置.分别测试了楔形石蜡样品和楔形负折射率介质样品在波段的折射特性,对石蜡样品测试结果的分析证明了该折射特性测试装置的有效性,对负...     

负折射率媒质雷达散射特性分析

 从负折射率媒质的本构关系出发,应用分段线性递推卷积(PLRC)方法推导出负折射率媒质中的时域有限差分（FDTD）计算公式,建立了基于分段线性递推卷积的FDTD方法(PLRC-FDTD)。并应用该方法计算了负折射率媒质覆盖导体柱的雷达散射截面,分析了负折射率媒质参数对其雷达散射截面的影响。结果表明,恰当地选择负折射率媒质参数能有效减小目标的雷达散射截面。     

微米光纤耦合型环境折射率传感器

本文展示一种由两根微米光纤构成的耦合型环境折射率传感器。微米光纤表面存在倏逝波,芯外介质折射率微小的改变将引起倏逝场分布变化,从而导致能量在耦合器两臂中的重新分配。本文通过测量耦合器两端出射光功率的比值来对葡萄糖溶液的浓度进行传感,实验结果表明该微米光纤耦合型传感器的浓度传感灵敏度可达1.58 mol·L~(-1)。本文用耦合模理论详细分析了两根相邻微米光纤的耦合效率与芯外介质折射率之间的关系,发现减小耦合区的光纤的直径,增大入射光波长或增大耦合长度,都可以进一步提高这种传感器的灵敏度。     

基于周期结构负反射的远场增强成像研究

远场高分辨率成像是近几年来声学和光学领域的研究焦点之一, 倏逝波无法在介质中传播成为将高分辨率成像带入远场的最大困难.本文提出了一种均匀排列的散射钢柱构成的超构散射体成像方式, 利用周期结构负反射现象将倏逝波信息转化为可传播波来增强成像.有限元数值模拟被用来研究和验证该方案的可行性, 结果显示波长3.4 mm的声波可以在20 cm外的远场获得大约0.6个波长的成像分辨能力. 通过减小散射体的晶格常数有希望达到更高分辨率成像.     

基于倏逝波照明的空间移频超分辨成像技术研究

空间移频超分辨成像技术利用样品表面的微纳结构对照明倏逝波的散射,使其转换为传播波,并将倏逝波携带的高频空间信息转换成低频信息,可被远场的显微物镜所接收,实现超分辨成像.其极限分辨率由照明的倏逝波波长决定,但分辨率仅在倏逝波波矢方向上有提升.在现有的棱镜全反射倏逝波生成方案中,倏逝波的最短波长受棱镜折射率的限制,因此其最高分辨率也受限制;且生成的倏逝波波矢为单一方向,因此分辨率存在方向差异性.为解决上述问题,建立了完整的空间移频超分辨成像仿真模型,并提出了一种新型倏逝波生成方案,可利用微纳结构产生波长更短、具有全方向波矢的倏逝波.结果显示,新方案可产生波长更短的倏逝波,并消除成像分辨率的方向差异性,从而避免现有方案中的多方位成像和图像后处理.空间移频超分辨成像技术具有大视场、高分辨、结构简单、操作方便、无需逐点扫描、可与普通光学显微镜兼容等优点,改进后将具有更广阔的应用空间.     

双负媒质结构改善Ku波段天线辐射特性

基于负介电常数和负磁导率产生原理,采用金属细线和裂环谐振器结构,针对12.5 GHz频率开展双负媒质结构设计。通过特殊边界条件下S参数计算以及Nicolson-Ross-Weir方法,完成等效参数的提取,获得介电常数、磁导率、折射率实部均为负值,且折射率接近于0的左手材料特性。将双负媒质结构加载于Ku波段圆锥喇叭口面进行仿真优化,提高天线增益2.17 dB,在11~13 GHz频带范围内,加载天线的增益均有所改善。实验结果表明,口面加载双负媒质结构后,天线增益提高1.51 dB,后向辐射减小5.7 dB,辐射特性获得了明显改善。     

负折射率材料对隐失波的幅度增益

分析了隐失波透过负折射率材料制成的透镜时,可以实现相位的调整,从而实现波的聚焦的原理;另外利用叠加原理(干涉法)及场量匹配法分析了负折射率材料如何实现对隐失波的振幅的放大,得到负折射率材料对隐失波有幅度增益,行波和隐失波都能聚焦成像的结论;并利用传输线理论提出隐失波透过负折射率材料平板时可等效地形成一个LC振荡电路,从而实现对隐失波的幅度增益.     

Left-handed materials do not make a perfect lens

By means of an analysis on evanescent waves in left-handed materials (LHM), we show that within a slab of such a medium, sandwiched between two positive refraction media, there is amplification of evanescent waves in ideal lossless, dispersiveless media; however, contrary to previous claims, this is limited to a finite width of the slab so that it prevents their restoration and perfect focusing. We illustrate this by considering their coupling to propagating waves through a tunnel barrier containing a slab of LHM. Further, we show that the effect of absorption, necessarily present in such materials, may drastically change any evanescent amplifying wave into a decaying one.     

Evanescent waves of an annular left-handed material lens

The imaging system formed by an annular left-handed material （LHM） lens as well as the evanescent waves in the lens are simulated numerically with a finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method. For b - a 〉 λ （a and b are respectively the inner and outer radii of the annular lens, and λ is the wavelength）, when a point source is placed at an internal grid point, we demonstrate that the evanescent waves are produced around the internal interface, and cannot propagate outwards. As for b - a 〈λ ）,, the evanescent waves appear around both the internal and the external interfaces, which remarkably implies the coupling between the two interfaces. Hence it can be inferred that the evanescent waves around the external interface participating in the super-resolution imaging result from the coupling of the evanescent waves around the interface. Moreover, the partly uncomprehended properties of the evanescent waves in the LHM slab are also disclosed. It is conducive to understanding the evanescent waves in the LHMs further.     

Energy-momentum quanta in Fresnel's evanescent wave II

Four generalisations of results appearing in a previous paper, referred to as I, are here produced. (1) Formulas for the field strengths of the evanescent wave generated inside a vacuum sandwiched between two identical refracting media propagating symmetrical incident plane waves; the classical exponential damping factor being then replaced by hyperbolic cosines or sines (according to the field components), an extremely close approximation to a plane tachyon wave is thus obtained; (2) Compact formulas for the case where the evanescent wave is generated by a superposition of plane incident waves with propagation vectors k parallel to a common incidence plane; (3) Compact formulas for the other typical case where the dispersion on k is parallel to the reflecting plane; (4) Formulas for refraction and total reflection of a photon with a non-zero rest mass.We take the opportunity of this paper to review briefly various articles that had escaped us, where a transverse energy flux inside Fresnel's evanescent wave was discussed, and also some recent papers dealing with quantisation of the evanescent wave or related topics.     

Simple and high efficient optical trapping using a cylindrical lens and a single plane wave of incidence

We suggest a simple and high efficient method for trapping particles in the evanescent field. In this method, a single plane wave is normally incident on the cylindrical surface of a cylindrical lens and then incident on the plane surface of the lens at an angle larger than the critical angle. Multiple reflections of light within the cylindrical lens create two evanescent waves with different directions in the transmitted field. Interference of two evanescent waves comes into being a standing wave which can stably trap particles close to the top of the cylindrical lens. Based on the Rayleigh approximation, we obtain analytical expressions of optical force acting on a Rayleigh particle placed in the vicinity of the lens. We find that the trap stiffness and trap depth is dependent on the radius of the cylindrical lens, wavelength and polarization of light, and incident angle at the lens–liquid interface.     

Omnidirectional non-radiative wireless power transfer with rotating magnetic field and efficiency improvement by metamaterial

In this paper, omnidirectional wireless power transfer (OWPT) via magnetic resonant coupling is proposed based on rotating magnetic field. In contrast to conventional WPT, the proposed wireless power transmitter consists of two orthogonal loops with 90° feeding phase difference. Both theoretical analyses and numerical simulations show that such transmitter generates rotating magnetic field and can provide wireless power to multiple receivers moving around it. In addition, a cylindrical metamaterial slab with negative permeability is used to improve the efficiency of the OWPT system, for the unique property of enhancing evanescent wave of metamaterials. It is shown that the efficiency of the OWPT can be improved to more than five times of that of the original one by the metamaterial slab.     

基于传输线的单负材料双层结构的隧穿性质

通过传输线方法实现了负介电常数(ENG)和负磁导率(MNG)材料,并在实验上研究了由两种单负材料组成的双层结构(ENG-MNG)的电磁隧穿性质.结果表明,两种单负材料均不支持电磁波的传播,然而ENG-MNG双层结构在结构的平均介电常数和平均磁导率分别为零的条件下,具有完全隧穿模,并且这一隧穿模不随着结构尺度的改变而改变.在隧穿频率点,通过对ENG-MNG双层结构中电场分布的模拟与测量,实验上观察到了倏逝场的指数放大.     

Three-dimensional surface current loops in broadband responsive negative refractive metamaterial with isotropy

We propose a bulk negative refractive index (NRI) metamaterial composed of periodic array of tightly coupled metallic cross-pairs printed on the six sides of a cube for applications of superlenses. The structural characteristics of the three-dimensional (3D) metamaterial consist in the high symmetry and the superposition of metallic cross-pairs, which can increase the magnetic inductive coupling between adjacent cross-pairs and realize a broadband and isotropic NRI. The proposed 3D structure is simulated using the CST Microwave Studio 2006 to verify the design validity. The simulation results show that the proposed structure can not only realize simultaneously an electric and magnetic response to an incident electromagnetic (EM) wave, but also exhibit a broadband NRI whose relative bandwidth can reach up to 56.7%. In addition, the NRI band is insensitive to the polarization and the incident angle of the incident EM wave. Therefore, the proposed metamaterial is a good candidate material as three-dimensional broadband isotropic NRI metamaterial.     

Multilevel phase Fresnel zone plate lens as a near-field optical element

We propose and develop a new solid immersion lens (SIL), which is called the multilevel phase Fresnel zone plate lens (FZPL) for the near-field (evanescent wave) microscopy. The simple analysis is presented by using the scalar diffraction theory. The outstanding advantages of this FZPL are that it both focuses incident waves and produces evanescent waves. A FZPL can effectively concentrate the high angle rays important for the high resolution in comparison with the conventional SILs. The optical system equipped with the FZPL is not only simple in the assembly but also effective in making an optical head unit.