S-5N全固态重复频率脉冲发生器

 主要介绍S-5N的结构及测试实验结果。S-5N型全固态重复频率脉冲发生器是目前国际上同类源中峰值功率和平均功率均为最大的一台。随负载大小的变化，S-5N脉冲发生器的输出电压为400～600kV，输出电流2～3kA，输出脉冲半高宽40～50ns，单脉冲输出能量40～65J。 S-5N脉冲发生器在300Hz重复频率条件下可连续工作，500Hz重复频率条件下可连续工作3min，平均输出功率高达30kW。     

重复频率强流电子束二极管实验研究

 采用静电场模拟对二极管结构及导引磁场位形分布进行了优化设计，利用设计的二极管在高压脉冲发生器上进行了重复频率运行实验研究，给出了相应测试波形，并对不同材料阴极、不同真空度情况下二极管的发射特性进行了比较。在二极管真空度满足一定要求（p＜0.01Pa）条件下以在重复频率方式运行时，不论是石墨阴极还是金属阴极，输出电子束流都比较稳定。设计的二极管电子束电压超过500kV，电流约5kA，脉冲宽度40ns，重复频率100Hz。     

重复脉冲强流电子束源长时间稳定运行实验研究

 简要阐述了脉冲变压器型重复脉冲强流电子束加速器CHP01的组成、主要特点及工作原理，利用设计的重复脉冲强流电子束源进行了长时间运行实验研究，实验结果达到：在100 Hz重复频率下连续运行5 s，脉冲变压器能稳定输出电压1.15 MV,强流束二极管输出电压超过800 kV、束流7 kA、脉冲宽度45 ns，阴极电子发射密度超过10 kA/cm²，且运行稳定可靠。利用该电子束源进行了X波段类周期慢波结构微波器件实验研究，在50 Hz重复频率下连续运行5 s，输出微波功率超过1 GW，脉冲宽度大于25 ns。     

200 kV重复频率Marx发生器研制

针对脉冲功率系统开关触发需求, 设计了一种重复频率Marx发生器,介绍了其基本工作原理及其主要性能指标。发生器采用单极性充电和同轴结构设计,脉冲输出为高压电缆形式,在75 Ω匹配负载上获得了高于200 kV的脉冲输出,脉冲宽度大于90 ns,工作模式可单次到10 Hz重复频率运行,脉冲上升时间小于10 ns,系统抖动小于20.1 ns。     

新型宽谱电磁脉冲试验系统

 研制了一套新型宽谱电磁脉冲试验系统,该系统采用全电感隔离型重复频率Marx发生器产生高压冲击脉冲,经双极脉冲形成线馈入宽带天线进行宽谱辐射。介绍了发生器工作原理和双极脉冲形成原理。实验结果表明：发生器输出脉冲电压500 kV,脉冲前沿20 ns,重复频率20 Hz,宽谱辐射因子195 kV,辐射中心频率200 MHz,频谱宽度37%。该试验系统结构紧凑、操作灵活,并具有方位辐射方向360°旋转和运程控制等功能。     

500 kV全固态Marx发生器

500 kV全固态Marx发生器采用Z型电路结构,以28个最大工作电压达22 kV、满载最高连续重复运行频率达200 Hz的绝缘栅双极型晶体管组件作为脉冲控制开关,采用以金属化膜电容器和线绕电感构成的梯形脉冲形成网络作为储能和脉冲形成器件。目前已实现500 kV脉冲输出,在50 Hz的重复频率下实现数十个脉冲的猝发输出。该发生器的输出脉冲电压峰值与已有文献报道的最高功率固态Marx发生器技术指标相近,输出脉冲电流峰值提高1倍,达到1000 A,发生器输出脉冲功率峰值达到500 MW。在采用电容器作为储能元件时,此Marx发生器输出脉冲宽度可在3～10 s范围内连续调整。     

紧凑重频PFN-Marx脉冲发生器

研制了一台紧凑重频脉冲形成网络(PFN)-Marx脉冲发生器,由PFN-Marx发生器、脉冲充电单元、重频触发单元等组成。PFN-Marx发生器模块采用全电感隔离,直径为480 mm,长度为700 mm。脉冲充电单元采用中储电容加脉冲变压器方法,单次充电可以满足10次输出。重频触发单元采用变压器和磁开关一体化设计的全固态Marx发生器技术,输出电压大于50 kV,前沿小于100 ns。脉冲发生器早期输出电参数为单次10 GW,脉冲宽度100 ns,前沿10 ns,阻抗40 。重频工作时输出功率7 GW,频率5 Hz。后期调整后电参数更改为单次10 GW,脉冲宽度70 ns,前沿10 ns,阻抗50 。重复频率工作时稳定输出功率8 GW,频率10 Hz,单串10个脉冲。初步的应用研究中,利用改进后的平台,在5 GW条件下驱动磁控管获得了S波段约1 GW的微波输出。     

基于SOS的脉冲功率源技术新进展

 研制了基于SOS的胡杨200和胡杨700脉冲功率源。给出了胡杨200和胡杨700的电路原理、组成结构和实验波形。介绍了在SOS脉冲功率源上开展的高重复频率强流电子束产生、长寿命阴极实验、绝缘介质的高重复频率击穿实验和低引导磁场无箔二极管等实验研究进展。经测试，胡杨200在2 kHz重复频率、负载阻抗200 Ω下，输出电压200 kV，脉冲宽度约35 ns，平均输出功率大于10 kW；在300 Hz条件下可连续运行。胡杨700同样为全固态脉冲功率源，其设计指标:输出电压700 kV，电流5 kA，脉冲宽度约40 ns；经初步调试在150 Ω电阻负载上单脉冲输出指标达到660 kV，4.4 kA，脉宽约70 ns。     

基于MOSFET的高重复频率高压脉冲源设计

设计了一种基于功率金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)的高压脉冲电源。该发生器采用多只MOSFET的串联技术,形成高压、高重复频率开关组件。用高压开关组件开展脉冲发生器设计,搭建了一个15只1 kV的高速MOSFET串联的脉冲发生器实验装置,在500 Ω负载上获得前沿小于5 ns、幅度大于10 kV、脉宽约100 ns,瞬态频率达400 kHz的高压脉冲。设计的高压开关组件结构紧凑,可靠性高,可应用于多种脉冲发生器。     

100kV重复频率快前沿触发器

研制了一台输出电压100kV的重复频率快前沿触发器,该触发器基于内嵌Tesla变压器的单筒脉冲形成线和气体开关技术,具有抖动低、结构紧凑、运行可靠等特点。理论分析了影响Tesla型触发器输出脉冲时间抖动的因素,提出了降低抖动的措施,进行了Tesla变压器的理论设计和数值模拟,并开展了实验研究。获得的触发器输出参数为:输出电压100kV(40Ω匹配阻抗),半高宽4ns,前沿0.5ns,重复频率50Hz,抖动小于10ns。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.