一种可用于人眼像差哈特曼-夏克测量仪的自动离焦补偿方法

针对目前人眼像差哈特曼-夏克测量仪不能自动补偿人眼离焦的不足,通过分析不同调焦状态下连续采集的哈特曼-夏克光斑图像序列,构造了离焦补偿评价函数,在现有像差测量仪平台上实现了人眼像差自动离焦补偿。算法根据调焦过程中哈特曼-夏克光斑的形态变化,定义了通过光斑图像评估离焦补偿结果的评价标准,并依据评价函数确定最佳光斑图像对应的离焦补偿量,从而确保哈特曼-夏克波前传感器能准确测得离焦补偿后剩余的人眼像差。实验结果表明,本方法对杂散光噪声具有较强的稳健性,可以准确实现调焦系统的自动离焦补偿,为后续像差测量仪精密测量人眼高阶像差提供了十分重要的方法。     

人眼高阶像差校正和视觉分析系统

人眼除具有可用眼镜或接触镜校正的低阶像差(离焦、像散)之外,还普遍存在高阶像差。高阶像差的存在影响着屈光系统的成像质量。为研究高阶像差对视觉功能的影响,利用自适应光学技术,建立了具有校正高阶像差和产生高阶像差双重功能的人眼高阶像差校正和视觉分析系统。介绍了系统实现高阶像差校正和视觉分析的工作原理;阐述了波前校正器、哈特曼波前探测系统、控制系统等关键单元技术;列出了系统对泽尼克模式像差的校正效果,绝大多数像差从0.5λ降低到0.2λ以下;阐明系统功能的实现过程,并给出仿真实验的结果。该系统为进一步研究高阶像差对视功能的影响提供了有效的手段。     

一种新型人眼波前像差测量补偿系统的研究

离焦是人眼中最主要的像差之一,离焦量过大会严重影响人眼波前像差的测量及矫正精度。为了消除离焦在此方面带来的影响,设计了带有补偿装置的人眼波前像差测量及矫正系统。重点分析了该系统的原理、结构和工作流程。运用Hartmann-Shack波前传感器测量了人眼波前像差,并使用变形反射镜对人眼波前像差进行矫正。对模拟人眼矫正离焦前后的光斑点阵图和波前三维重构图进行了对比分析。研究表明,通过离焦补偿系统对模拟人眼的离焦量进行矫正,使被测量人眼的离焦量由2.020D和-2.035D分别减小到0.011D和-0.007D;通过调焦系统,使显示器上显示出的人眼光斑点阵图由模糊变清晰,提高了信标光在人眼眼底的成像质量。     

泽尼克各项像差对人眼光学质量的影响

基于两个人眼光学质量客观评价标准同心相对瞳孔平面(PFWc)和区域调制传递函数(Marea MTF),研究和分析了波前像差均方根值WRMS处于0.05~1.00μm较大范围内泽尼克各项像差对人眼光学质量的影响。分析结果表明,泽尼克各项在WRMS一定时,瞳孔中心区域的光学质量差距明显,离焦(C4)和球差(C12)项的MPFWc值最小,而五叶草(C15、C20)项的MPFWc值最大。五叶草项在WRMS值处于0.05~1.00μm的范围内,其Marea MTF值均大于0.94,表明该像差项对光学质量的影响可以忽略。MPFWc值和Marea MTF值随着WRMS值的增大而减小,但不是简单的线性关系,随着WRMS值的增大,它们的变化趋于平缓。各项泽尼克像差对人眼光学质量的影响存在较大差别,对人眼光学质量的影响从大到小依次为:球差、离焦、散光、彗差、三叶草、四叶草、五叶草等。     

基于个体眼光学结构的角膜与晶状体的像差补偿

研究角膜对晶状体波前像差的影响对现行的个性化视觉矫正手术有-定的参考价值.运用光学设计软件Zemax,根据个体人眼的角膜地形图、眼内各部分轴向间距和全眼波前像差数据,为22只人眼构建了个体眼光学结构.基于个体眼光学结构和衍射光学理论计算了眼内、外不同位置处的波前,获得了角膜对晶状体波前像差的影响.结果表明,角膜和品状体像差存在补偿和叠加两种关系.大多数眼睛,角膜对晶状体像差有一定补偿作用.总体像散的均方根(RMS)值比品状体像散的RMS值减小0.08～1.48μm,相当于10.1%～77.5%.总体高阶像差的RMS值比晶状体高阶像差的RMS值减小了0.06～0.85 μm,相当于3.8%～79.4%,平均减小了50.7%.其中,球差和彗差的Zernike系数绝对值总体比晶状体分别减小了0.02～0.60μm和0.01～0.39μm,相当于4.3%～98.4%和2.5%～91.4%.     

角膜手术后眼模型的构建和人工晶状体设计

根据角膜屈光手术前的角膜地形图、眼内各组分的轴向间距和波前像差,运用ZEMAX光学设计软件,构建了术前的个性化眼模型.结合角膜屈光手术后实际测量的波前像差,建立了术后个性化眼模型.运用该模型,为角膜屈光手术眼设计了双球面人工晶状体.研究表明:对于角膜屈光手术后人眼,用术后个性化眼模型计算的人工晶状体度数可靠.该模型还能够为术后眼设计矫正像散和其他高阶像差的人工晶状体,同时可以用来评估角膜手术联合白内障术后人眼的光学性能,以及手术中各类偏差对视觉质量的影响.     

二次曲面前房型有晶体眼人工晶体的球差矫正特性分析

为探究二次曲面前房型有晶体眼人工晶体的球差矫正特性,进行了球面和二次曲面有晶体眼人工晶体的设计,并利用像差理论对二者的球差矫正特性进行了研究.基于R.Navarro等人提出的模型眼得到屈光不正眼模型,利用ZEMAX光学软件分别设计了可矫正屈光不正人眼的球面与二次曲面前房型有晶体眼人工晶体.通过对光学传递函数和Zernike球差系数的比较,以及对Seidel球差分布系数的计算分析发现:在保证屈光不正矫正至正常水平的前提下,较之传统球面人工晶体,二次曲面的引入仅对远视眼的球差有矫正作用,并使光学传递函数显著改善|而对近视眼而言,二次曲面人工晶体的球差矫正效果与球面人工晶体相当.这一结论对前房型有晶体眼人工晶体的设计和应用具有重要的理论指导意义.     

双变形镜人眼视网膜高分辨率显微成像系统

如何有效校正随人群起伏很大的人眼像差,提高视网膜高分辨率成像技术的人群适用范围是临床应用面临的最大难题。现有的单一波前校正器无法同时清除高阶和低阶视觉像差。针对人眼高阶像差校正需求,研制成功了169单元3 mm极间距分立式压电变形镜,并与大行程Bimorph变形镜组合,建立了一套双变形镜的人眼视网膜成像系统。系统可实现对离焦小于±4.5 D、散光小于±3.0 D的低阶像差及前8阶Zernike像差的有效校正,极大地提高了系统的人群适用范围和成像质量。以低阶像差大小作为入选标准,进行小样本量人眼视网膜成像实验,获得了近衍射极限的视网膜图像。该系统适用范围明确,便于后续临床应用。     

二次曲面前房型有晶体眼人工晶体的球差矫正特性分析

为探究二次曲面前房型有晶体眼人工晶体的球差矫正特性,进行了球面和二次曲面有晶体眼人工晶体的设计,并利用像差理论对二者的球差矫正特性进行了研究.基于R.Navarro等人提出的模型眼得到屈光不正眼模型,利用ZEMAX光学软件分别设计了可矫正屈光不正人眼的球面与二次曲面前房型有晶体眼人工晶体.通过对光学传递函数和Zerni...     

主客观结合人眼波前像差测量系统的设计与实验

设计了主客观方法相结合的人眼波前像差测量系统。该系统的控制部分以工控机为中心,实现了对离焦补偿装置、LCD视标显示装置和可变形镜驱动器的控制。使用Hartmann-Shack传感器对人眼出瞳的波前像差进行测量,光路中加入了能够显示各种视标和测试图案的LCD,从而考虑到了主观调节对人眼像差的影响,能够对人眼的视觉质量进行全面衡量,实现了客观测量和主观测量在光路中的结合。使用该系统分别测量得到了模拟眼和活体人眼的波前像差,并对主客观测量结果进行了信息融合,能够为个性化的人眼屈光矫正提供有用的依据。     

The study of wavelength-dependent wavefront aberrations based on individual eye model

Theoretical calculations of the wavelength dependence of the ocular wavefront aberrations are performed with individual eye model. Individual eye model, based on the traditional Gullstrand-Le Grand eye model, has been established with measured individual cornea data, eyeball depth and wavefront aberrations. We analyze the wavelength-dependent wavefront aberrations at 12 different visible wavelengths (between 400 and 750 nm) for eight eyes. The change of defocus with wavelength (longitudinal chromatic aberration, LCA) is noticeable, and in good agreement with the results from references. In most cases, the primary spherical aberration changes significantly with wavelength. In comparison with the primary spherical aberration, the other higher-order wavefront aberrations have a smaller change with wavelength. These results have potential applications in those situations where defocus or higher-order wavefront aberrations information in arbitrary wavelength is required.     

球差对圆偏涡旋贝塞耳-高斯光束聚焦场的影响

利用理查德-沃耳夫矢量衍射积分,分析了初级球差对圆偏振涡旋贝塞耳-高斯光束聚焦光场的影响,获得不同球差系数下的光强分布.结果表明,当初级球差系数增加,会聚光点偏离系统焦平面,纵向光场发生改变;焦点光强逐渐减小,焦平面光场发生变化;光轴上光强峰值逐渐减小,峰值两侧的旁瓣变化趋势相反,光强由对称分布变成非对称分布;初级球差对贝塞耳-高斯光束聚焦光场的影响不依赖其偏振态;离焦无法完全补偿初级球差对聚焦光场的影响.     

Information fusion method for ocular aberrations measurement based on subjective visual compensation

The human eye is an imperfect refractive system which not only has defocus and astigmatism, but also has spherical aberration, coma and anomalistic high-order aberrations, all of which have certain influence on the imaging quality of retina. What's worse, aberration is further enlarged as a result of mydriasis in dark field and weak light, thus making the vision performance of human eyes far below diffraction limitation. Further research revealed that human eye visual imaging is not only connected with refractive system, but also is closely related to the subjective judgment of human brain and the process of neural system. In order to overcome the deficiencies, wave-front aberration measurement method and system that has subjective visual compensation is proposed and conducted in combination with objective measurement, which ensures more accurate and realistic measuring results. The experimental data revealed that wave-front aberration obtained from subjective visual compensation measuring method is smaller than objective measurement, which is the result of subjects’ adaptive correction when watching sighting targets. In addition, when subjects are watching different sighting targets, the fluctuation value of wavefront aberration is small. Therefore, it is concluded that subjective visual compensation measuring method contributes to aberration measuring improvement and obtains results match with the realistic state by taking into consideration the actual condition of human eyes when watching targets. Hopefully, these discoveries will be of positive and beneficial value to the determination of human eye aberration treatment.     

Vision improvement by correcting higher-order aberrations with customized soft contact lenses in keratoconic eyes

Higher-order aberration correction in abnormal eyes can result in significant vision improvement, especially in eyes with abnormal corneas. Customized optics such as phase plates and customized contact lenses are one of the most practical, nonsurgical ways to correct these ocular higher-order aberrations. We demonstrate the feasibility of correcting higher-order aberrations and improving visual performance with customized soft contact lenses in keratoconic eyes while compensating for the static decentration and rotation of the lens. A reduction of higher-order aberrations by a factor of 3 on average was obtained in these eyes. The higher-order aberration correction resulted in an average improvement of 2.1 lines in visual acuity over the conventional correction of defocus and astigmatism alone.     

二次曲面共形整流罩像差影响因素分析

传统整流罩为半球形或半球形的一部分,产生的空气阻力较大,不利于武器飞行速度的提高。基于空气动力学性能的考虑,采用共形整流罩的光学技术被提出。文章描述了二次曲面共形整流罩外表面、内表面的设计方法及面型表达式,通过在CODEV中建立共形整流罩的扫描成像模型,应用Zernike多项式分解法研究了不同长径比、边缘斜率、口径比和回转中心位置对离焦像差(Z4)、像散(Z5)、彗差(Z8)和球差(Z9)的影响规律。研究结果表明:二次曲面共形整流罩引入的离焦像差、像散、彗差和球差均随着长径比、边缘斜率和口径比的增加而增大,但对成像系统回转中心的位置不敏感。因此,在满足武器的空气动力学性能条件下应尽量减小长径比、边缘斜率和口径比,回转中心的位置主要根据结构需要进行设计。     

像差及湍流对90°空间光混频器性能的影响研究

光信号在大气湍流中发生畸变,畸变光信号经过有缺陷的光学天线和空间光混频器后,存在混频效率低及抖动的问题。针对空间输出型和单模输出型的90°空间光混频器,推导了带初级像差的90°空间光混频器模型,并研究了湍流对混频效率的影响。仿真结果表明,对于探测器靶面半径为50μm的空间输出型混频器,像差量为0.2λ的倾斜、球差、离焦、彗差和像散分别导致混频效率下降9.8%、0.6%、0.36%、0.02%和0.01%。对于单模输出型混频器,像差量为0.2λ的倾斜、像散、离焦、彗差和球差分别导致混频效率下降14.11%、8.39%、6.35%、2.63%和1.13%。湍流强度Cn²小于6.4×10^-17m^-2/3时,空间输出型比单模输出型混频器的混频效率高19%以上,在湍流强度Cn²大于6.4×10^-16m^-2/3时,两者混频效率接近于0。最后设计加工了空间输出型和单模输出型90°混频器,并搭建性能测试平台。对于探测器靶面半径为50μm的空间输出型混频器,像差量为0.2λ的倾斜、球差和离焦导致混频效率下降52%、10%和6%;对于单模输出型混频器,像差量为0.2λ的倾斜、像散和离焦导致混频效率下降65%、24%和11%,其他像差对混频效率没有影响。湍流对混频器性能影响的实验结果显示,空间输出型光混频器中频信号值的标准差为21.388,该值远低于单模输出型标准差247.442。     

High aperture focusing through a spherical interface: Application to refractive solid immersion lens (RSIL) for subsurface imaging

The effects of on-axis spherical aberration and defocus on focusing across a spherical interface between two materials of mismatched refractive index are discussed. A vectorial integral representation for high aperture focusing in this configuration is formulated and an analytical expression for the spherical aberration function is derived. Numerical simulations are performed to analyse the effects of the spherical interface on both the transverse and axial intensity profiles. The results from these numerical simulations are important industrially in understanding the resolution enhancements from solid immersion lens technology, as well as being of more fundamental interest in calculating the distribution at the focal plane under different solid immersion lens configurations.     

光刻机投影物镜的像差原位检测新技术

提出了一种新的光刻机投影物镜像差原位检测(AMF)技术。详细分析了该技术利用特殊测试标记检测投影物镜球差、像散、彗差的基本原理,论述了该技术利用对准位置坐标计算像差引起的成像位置偏移量的方法。实验结果表明AMF技术可实现球差、彗差、像散等像差参量的精确测量。AMF技术考虑了光刻胶等工艺因素对像差引起的成像位置偏移量的影响,有效避免了目前基于硅片曝光方式的彗差原位检测技术对离焦量、像面倾斜等像质参量限制的依赖。     

Effects of low order atmosphere-turbulence aberrations on the vortex carrying Gaussian beam

The normalized intensity distributions at the focal plane of a vortex carrying Gaussian beam propagating in weak/middle turbulent atmosphere channel with z-tilt aberration, defocus aberration, astigmatism aberration or total turbulent aberration are discussed by numerical calculation. Our results show that the effect of z-tilt aberration on the intensity distribution of optical vortex beam is main effect of total turbulent aberration. In weak turbulent region, the effects of defocus and astigmatism aberration on the intensity distribution of a vortex carrying Gaussian beam can be ignored. In middle turbulent region, the effect of z-tilt aberration is still the most significant, but the effects of defocus and astigmatism aberrations, specially the effect of astigmatism on the center dark core of the intensity distribution at focal plane, can no longer be disregarded. Our results also show that for three low order aberrations, the beam with values of the topological charge, the beam have larger beam-radius and undergo smaller effects of z-tilt turbulent aberration on the doughnut distribution. For defocus aberration, the radius of the center dull of beam intensity increases with the values of topological charges increasing. And for astigmatism aberration, the beam with odd number topological charges, the center dull speck of beam intensity becomes to the bright speck. But for even number topological charges, the center dull speck of beam intensity maintains the dull one.