我国主要育珠贝(蚌)贝壳珍珠层及珍珠的激光拉曼光谱研究

本文对我国四种主要育珠贝(蚌)贝壳珍珠层拉曼光谱进行了系统研究,结果表明1)大珠母贝贝壳珍珠层中未观察到有机质的任何拉曼峰;2)三角帆蚌及马氏珍珠贝贝壳珍珠层及其养殖珍珠的拉曼光谱中除由文石矿物引起的拉曼峰外,还可观察到明显的由全反式结构的类胡罗卜素引起的拉曼峰,根据其峰位推断分子中的CC双键的数目为10;3)企鹅珍珠贝贝壳珍珠层的拉曼光谱中可观察到较复杂的有机质的拉曼峰,推测可能是由金属卟啉化合物引起的,但尚需进一步工作证实;4)珍珠层中类胡罗卜素及金属卟啉类化合物的相对浓度与珍珠层的颜色密切相关.贝壳珍珠层中有机质的拉曼光谱研究可为珍珠漂白及在食品、化妆品等领域的应用提供科学的依据.     

贝壳杉烷型四环二萜~(13)C NMR谱的研究及其应用

较系统的总结了贝壳杉烷型四环二萜的1 3CNMR数据 ,探讨了其1 3CNMR的规律和特征 .并在此基础上报道了一个新的贝壳杉烷型四环二萜化合物———对映 1 6β,1 7,1 8 三羟基 贝壳杉烷 1 9 羧酸 .     

贝壳杉烷型四环二萜13C NMR谱的研究及其应用

较系统的总结了贝壳杉烷型四环二萜的¹³C NMR数据,探讨了其¹³C NMR的规律和特征.并在此基础上报道了一个新的贝壳杉烷型四环二萜化合物——对映-16β,17,18-三羟基-贝壳杉烷-19-羧酸。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法对珍珠粉和贝壳粉的研究

通过FTIR比较研究了淡水养殖珍珠的珍珠粉和贝壳粉样品原样、角壳蛋白以及250、400℃和750℃热处理2h后红外光谱的差异。结果表明,珍珠粉和贝壳粉的主要成分均为文石型碳酸钙,并含有少量有机质和水分。2种粉末角壳蛋白红外吸收峰型基本相似,仅在2113.3cm-1处存在差异。250℃加热后,两者成分结构基本没有变化;400℃加热后2种粉末有机物完全分解,珍珠粉文石碳酸钙的晶型部分转变为方解石型,而贝壳粉碳酸钙已完全转化为方解石型;750℃加热后两者的碳酸钙晶形均已完全转化为方解石型,且有大量碳酸钙分解为氧化钙。     

我国主要育珠贝（蚌）贝壳珍珠层及珍珠的激光拉曼光谱研究

本文对我国四种主要育珠贝（蚌）贝壳珍珠层拉曼光谱进行了系统研究,结果表明：1）大珠母贝贝壳珍珠层中未观察到有机质的任何拉曼峰;2）三角帆蚌及马氏珍珠贝贝珍珠贝贝珍珠层及其差殖珍珠的拉曼光谱中除由文石矿物引起的拉曼峰外,还可观察到明显的由全反式结构的类胡萝卜素引起的拉曼峰,根据其峰位推断分子中的C＝C双键的数目为10;3）企鹅珍珠贝贝壳珍珠层的拉曼光变中可观察到较复杂的有机质的拉曼峰,推测可能是由金属卟啉化合物引起的,但尚需进一步工作证实;4）珍珠层中类胡罗卡素及金属卟啉类化合物的相对浓度与珍珠层的颜色密切相关。贝壳珍珠层中有机质的拉曼光谱研究可为珍珠漂白及在食品、化妆品等领域的应用提供科学的依据。     

用于光谱分类的光谱峰谷沿匹配算法

针对超短脉冲激光与气体相互作用产生的非线性荧光光谱的特点,提出了一种新的光谱去噪、特征提取、特征匹配的有效方法.通过对三种气体不同浓度的荧光光谱进行小波压缩去噪,得到5层664个小波系数,重构后获得除噪效果满意而特征信息保持不变的光谱.对重构后的光谱进行光谱峰/谷沿相似度的分析,构造了三种气体的特征谱.在此基础上,经对三种气体光谱进行特征峰/谷沿的匹配分析,提出一种利用同种物质不同浓度下的光谱总体相似度来构造标准特征谱新方法,通过与标准特征谱的匹配分析得到分类结果.实验结果表明,该算法的分类结果受浓度变化影响小,对低至0.05%浓度条件下的全部27条光谱均获得100%的分类识别结果.     

基于共聚焦显微拉曼的真菌菌丝中几丁质的原位检测研究

几丁质是真菌细胞壁中一种重要的结构多糖,本文首次采用共聚焦显微拉曼技术对山茶刺盘孢菌的气生菌丝进行原位检测研究,首先确定了采集菌丝拉曼光谱的最优实验参数,并获得了菌丝,几丁质标准品和背景三种物质的典型拉曼光谱,对其中的特征峰进行归属分析,发现菌丝光谱中有明显的几丁质特征峰。然后对置于载玻片上菌丝的感兴趣区域进行拉曼光谱面扫描,通过主成分分析法发现面扫描区域中,菌丝和背景两种信号可以明显区分开来,结合主成分的载荷因子图得到了菌丝的两个主要的特征差异峰1 622和1 368 cm-1,1 622 cm-1属于菌丝中几丁质的特征峰,而1 368 cm-1是来源于菌丝中的果胶多糖。最后通过对几丁质在1 622 cm-1特征峰波段附近范围积分,绘制了几丁质在菌丝中二维和三维的化学成像图,直观且无损的再现了几丁质在菌丝中的空间分布。     

DFT方法研究木质素单体及二聚体的结构与拉曼光谱

木质素是自然界中第二丰富的天然聚合物,广泛存在于各种陆地植物的木质部中,利用木质素拉曼光谱对植物种类进行快速无损鉴别具有重要的应用价值。但由于木质素大分子构型非常复杂,对其拉曼特征光谱的仿真研究一直存在困难。利用Gaussian16W中包含的B3LYP密度泛函方法结合6-311G(d, p)基组,构建出三种木质素单体及其三种同种木质素单体构成的二聚体以及三种异种木质素单体构成的二聚体,提出了一种利用木质素的三种基本结构单体及其二聚体仿真分析木质素大分子拉曼光谱特征的方法。首先计算了三种单体的基本构型、轨道能级和电子空间分布,并分析了三种木质素单体拉曼光谱和振动模式的特点。随后利用不同组合方式的β-O-4二聚体的光谱谱峰特征,解释了特征谱峰信号位置漂移的成因,提出了判断木质素大分子信号特征的主要依据。研究结果表明,1 712 cm^-1谱峰信号最强且位置稳定,振动归属为碳碳双键伸缩振动,该振动归属引起的特征峰可以作为木质素大分子最主要的信号特征;1 642 cm^-1谱峰信号振动归属为芳香环骨架振动,仅受芳香环甲基数量影响产生劈裂,该振动归属引起的...     

一种低原子序数元素EDX RF的多次导-样条小波解析方法研究

能量色散X射线荧光（EDXRF）光谱分析待测元素的信息主要反映在能谱的特征峰峰位以及特征峰净峰面积中。对于特征峰的准确检测是EDXRF光谱分析的关键。特征X射线之间的能量在低原子序数元素中相差很小,在实际测量过程中由其他一些因素干扰会导致EDXRF光谱中特征峰产生严重重叠,以EDXRF光谱中低序列元素的重叠峰作为研究对象,提出一种四次导数结合三样条小波变换处理低序列元素重叠峰的新方法。通过数学模型模拟重叠峰检测了该方法的可行性,并仿真了实测X荧光光谱数据进行检测得到良好的效果,通过使用了CIT-3000SY X 荧光元素录井仪实测T铅黄铜数据和混合轻元素数据荧光光谱作为验证。首先,介绍导数法以及三样条小波法分解重叠的原理。导数法阶数越高信号越畸形但可以有效提高重峰分离度,而三样条小波变换对低分离度重峰处理较为无力但能有效的保持峰型。通过Tsallis峰信号模拟重叠峰,模拟出3个峰信号,第1个峰和第2个峰的分离度R=0.33,第2个峰和第3个峰的分离度R=0.67,导数处理后信号任仍具有一部分重叠,但是导数处理后不仅保留了信号的峰位值,且出现了分离度变大的现象,而三样条小波对低分离度重叠峰的分解较为无力,但是对于分离度较大的重叠峰具有较好的效果,信号通过四次导增加分离度再进行三样条小波变换,通过调节样条小波分解层次的次数,然后对分解出的高频信号采取适当的系数进行放大,最后进行信号重构。实验实现了对模拟信号的分解。验证了此方法针对重叠峰分解具有可行性。实验采用分解4层的三样条小波变换以及放大6倍的高频信号。然后,处理仿真K元素的重叠光谱,实现了重叠峰的分解,通过仿真实验表明新方法能准确的识别峰位,结果表明只有1%之内的误差,证明了新方法对X荧光光谱重叠峰分解的适用性。最后用此方法对CIT-3000SY X荧光元素录井仪实测T铅黄铜元素数据以及混合轻元素数据X荧光光谱进行处理,实现了对重叠峰的分解,且分解后的峰位误差控制在1%之内,具有较高的准确率。实验结果证明：四次导数结合三样条小波变换能有效分离重叠峰,并且在处理X荧光光谱的重叠峰分解上具有实用性。     

不同处理工艺对珍珠的紫外可见漫反射光谱的共性影响研究

主要基于紫外可见（UV-Vis）漫反射光谱首次对比研究了经过热处理、有机或无机染料改色或钴-60产生的γ射线辐照三种不同处理工艺对同为珍珠质的淡水与海水珍珠及贝壳珍珠层的漫反射光谱的影响机制。结果表明：（1）在不同颜色、淡海水属性的珍珠与贝壳珍珠层的UV-Vis反射光谱的紫外区皆存在约280 nm 处的吸收峰,上述吸收峰位归属于珍珠层中自身存在的有机质所致,而非珍珠的致色色素。（2）以上三种不同的处理工艺对上述280 nm处的吸收峰位存在一致的影响行为,即随着不同的处理工艺强度的增大,处理样品对应的反射谱图中约280 nm处吸收峰的强度逐渐降低直至消失。与此同时,珍珠的反射谱图中紫外区的反射主波长的反射强度也随之减弱,且反射主波长的峰位向可见光区发生显著红移。研究工作可为珍珠及珍珠的优化处理的鉴定筛选及其珍珠颜色的形成属性判定提供检测依据与理论支撑。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.