水平管气液螺旋流流型辨识及压降波动研究

本文通过实验研究了水平管中叶片式起旋器引发的气液螺旋流流型及压降规律。采用背光成像法拍摄了流型并记录了压降波动情况。在该实验范围内观察到4种气液螺旋流流型:螺旋泡状流、螺旋气柱流、螺旋间歇流和螺旋环状流,并结合压降的概率密度函数(PDF)曲线图分析了各流型特点。同时研究了来流雷诺数及相分布对起旋器下游螺旋流流型的影响,发现气液相雷诺数的大小是流型转变的关键,另外,来流气液相分布也会影响起旋器下游流型。最后基于流型及压降波动的PDF分布,绘制了起旋器出口附近的螺旋流流型图,并与已有流型图进行比较。     

气液两相流中的声速研究

气液两相流在工业各领域中广泛存在,而声速是描述其声学性质的一个重要参数。本文从流体的体积弹性模量的定义出发,推导了气液两相流中的声速随含气率的变化关系式,即混合流体的Wood声速公式,将其声速的部分计算结果和其他作者的实验数据进行了比较,吻合良好。并通过COMSOL有限元模拟软件得到不同气体分布下圆管谐振腔最低阶模式的共振频率,间接数值模拟研究了含气率对声速的影响。模拟结果与理论计算结果一致,当气液两相流中含气率较低时,声速随含气率的增大急剧减小。本研究结果为确定声速与气液两相流中的含气率间的关系提供了参考依据。     

Y型微通道气液两相流的数值模拟

针对Y型微通道气液两相流的数值模拟,建立了适用于微通道气液两相流的计算模型,采用CFD方法对微通道内流体的流动进行了数值研究,分析了微通道内流动状态、气泡形状以及生成周期,模拟了Y型微通道气液两相流弹状流的形成过程,并对弹状流的压力、速度、壁面剪切应力的分布、变化趋势及原因进行了深刻剖析,揭示了弹状流流动规律,为进一步加强弹状流应用打下基础,为微通道中的气液两相流动提供了可靠的理论依据。     

气液两相流压力波色散特性实验研究

设计了可调频式压力扰动源的气液两相流压力波实验装置,实验研究了垂直上升管内气液两相流泡状流、弹状流压力波的色散规律。实验结果表明,对泡状流,在实验范围内,压力波的传播速度及其衰减跟扰动频率有关,随着扰动频率的增加,波速及其衰减都增加;工质的流速对压力波的色散特性没有影响。结合数值模拟结果,验证了泡状流压力波色散特性的临界频率现象,即高于临界频率,压力波色散特性消失,本文分析了相应的物理机制。对弹状流,压力波同样具有典型的色散特性,已有研究结果还不能预测其色散规律。     

小管径气液两相流空隙率波传播的多尺度相关性

空隙率波是气液两相流系统的特殊物理现象,理解空隙率波的传播特性对揭示两相流流型转变与流速测量物理机理具有重要意义.本文首先考察了典型非线性系统的多尺度互相关特性,发现去趋势互相关分析方法可有效揭示系统的多尺度非线性动力学特征;然后,通过采集垂直上升小管径气液两相流电导传感器阵列上下游空隙率波动数据,提出采用多尺度去趋势互相关分析方法探测空隙率波传播的多尺度互相关特性,并提取了低尺度空隙率波互相关水平增长率;另外,通过计算空隙率波空间衰减因子,考察了气液两相流空隙率波传播的结构不稳定行为.结果表明,空隙率波结构的多尺度互相关特性与其空间衰减特性具有较好的物理关联性:对于气液两相流过渡流型,低尺度空隙率波互相关水平增长率较高,且与较为稳定的空隙率波传播特性相对应;而当气液两相流空隙率波明显衰减或放大时,空隙率波互相关水平增长速率一般较低.     

小管径气液两相泡状流双电导阵列探针测量方法

针对气液两相流局部流动参数测量问题,采用沿管道径向等间距放置的五路双电导阵列探针测量法。首先,利用有限元法模拟分析了不同尺寸运动气泡对电导探针输出响应影响,发现气泡对探针有效检测域的作用强度明显受气泡大小及其运动轨迹影响;然后,根据双电导探针电场分布特性对其几何尺寸进行了优化,分析了双电导探针的灵敏场分布特性;最后,通过垂直上升气液两相流泡状流动态实验,获得了双电导探针对气液两相流分散相局部体积含率、局部流速及泡径尺寸测量结果。     

气液两相流体绕方柱流动的数值模拟

本文详细给出了气液两相流动双流体模型下的各控制方程组和相间作用力,通过将气泡引起的紊流与剪切引起的紊流线性叠加给出了气液两相流动的紊流模型。通过给出的边界条件,采用ＩＴＡ－ＩＰＳＡ算法对垂直上升的气液两相流横向冲刷方柱引起漩涡证替脱落的过程进行了数值模拟,得到了流场和局部含气率变化的示意图,数值模拟与试验的结果基本一致。     

短纽带作用下气液两相旋流液膜的形成及发展

目前对短纽带引发的气液旋流中液膜的分布规律认识不清楚,限制了短纽带在换热器中的应用。本文采用欧拉双流体模型研究了短螺旋纽带引发的管内气液旋流场中液膜的形成及发展规律。研究发现:气液两相雾状流来流,在纽带下游的直管段中,存在两个对称的螺旋涡,截面上的液膜厚度存在两个对称的波峰。纽带下游一定位置处,截面上液膜厚度的周向峰值会达到最大,随后液膜厚度的峰值逐渐降低。周向平均液膜厚度沿轴向先增厚后减薄。截面上流体的低压中心与螺旋涡的中心不重合,受液膜分布的影响显著。     

气液爆轰波及冲击波传播的数值研究

采用高分辨率TVD格式、MacCormack格式和二维轴对称气液两相方程组数值模拟了气液爆轰的发展过程及冲击波衰减规律,计算结果与国内外研究结果符合良好。     

螺杆螺旋通道内气液两相流流动特性研究

本文以水和空气为工质对螺杆螺旋通道内气液两相流流动特性进行研究,采用可视化的方法对螺杆螺旋通道内流型结构进行观察,观察到通道内不同转角位置处的气液两相流型及其特征。根据实验观测结果,绘制了三个转角位置的流型图,并对各流型特征和流型之间的转换界限进行分析,给出了泡状流向间歇流转变、环状流向间歇流转变的准则关系式。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.