椰胡声功率级的半消声室测试

椰胡是具有地方特色的拉弦乐器之一,多用于演奏广东音乐和广东戏曲、曲艺的伴奏。但对其发声强度一直未进行过科学的测试。本文介绍在华南理工大学半消声室内参照ISO(GB)标准对椰胡声功率级的测量工作。由两位资深乐师分别用两把椰胡在pp,mp,f和ff力度下演奏单音、音阶和乐曲,对每一把椰胡的每一测试内容,由十通道测试设备同步测试中心频率为100～10000 Hz的1/3倍频带声压级谱,通过计算获得每把椰胡在演奏每项内容时的声功率级和动态范围。通过对两把椰胡的测试结果进行平均,获得该乐器在演奏上述内容时的典型声功率级数值及频谱。文中并将半消声室内的测试结果与混响室内的测试结果相对比,探讨测试环境对测试结果的影响。民族乐器发声强度及其频谱特性的获得是开展民族音乐厅堂音质研究的基础。     

厅堂扩声系统声学特性指标的建议

本文对厅堂扩声系统的最大粉红噪声声压级、传输频率特性、传声增益、声场不均匀度、失真等声学特性指标提出建议。它是以一些测量和使用效果的评价以及我国电声设备达到的使用特性为基础,还考虑了某些实验结果和国外达到的水平。当前对语言或演出用的扩声系统采用不同等级的声学特性指标是可取的。     

中国筝的声功率级测试

筝是中国古老的弹弦乐器。但迄今为止,对其声功率级一直未进行科学的测定。本文在一混响室内根据ISO及GB标准,对二十一弦筝的声功率级进行了首次测定。两位资深乐师在混响室内分别演奏各自的乐器,通过围绕乐师和乐器布置的四通道测试设备,对筝所辐射的声功率级和动态范围进行测定。测试结果表明,中国筝在以不同力度演奏单音、音阶和乐曲时所辐射的声功率级及其频率特性均有所不同。考虑到乐器演奏音阶时所辐射的声功率级及其动态范围与演奏乐曲时的声功率级接近,并且,音乐的空间感也大都在乐器以f力度演奏乐曲的强音标志乐段时最为显著,故此我们建议中国筝所辐射的声功率级用其以f力度演奏音阶时的平均声功率级表示。本文测试的两架中国筝以f力度演奏音阶时的平均声功率级为85.9dB。文中不仅首次公布了中国筝声功率级的测试结果,并且所介绍的测试方法对其它乐器声功率级测试也具有借鉴意义。民族乐器所辐射的声音性能的确定是民族音乐厅堂音质研究的基础。     

公路交通噪声频率特征及等效频率研究

为了确定不同车型在不同行车速度下的噪声频率分布特性及等效频率值,更加准确的对交通噪声的影响进行评估,本文对单车稳态辐射噪声的频率特性进行了现场测定,并对不同类型车辆的频率特性数据进行了分析。结果表明,不同类型车辆车速与频带声压级之间的相关性随频带中心频率的变化而变化。FHWA模型对公路交通噪声中介于500 Hz～2000 Hz频段的噪声有较好的预测效果,而对低于500 Hz和高于2000 Hz的交通噪声的预测精度较差。车辆类型不同,车辆产生噪声的中心频率、声能量集中分布的频率范围以及等效频率均不相同。     

声学测量用电火花式脉冲声源及其声学特性

电火花发出的声脉冲具有脉冲宽度小、无方向性和声级高等特点,因此它是研究厅堂音质的脉冲响应,混响时间和模型试验的理想声源.当声级足够高而稳定时,还可作为隔声测量和高声强冲击波换能器近场校正之用.这里我们采用了高电压小电容放电的方式.在控制电路方面设有自动、手动和遥控装置,便于使用.本脉冲发声器电路简单,性能稳定,装置紧凑,使用方便. 本文主要介绍火花发声器的原理,电路设计的特点,声源的声学特性以及应用等.     

《立体声原理》评述

高保真立体声是一门诱人的科学技术,它集中了现代放声技术的新成就,采用了声频工程中的一些新器件和新设备来满足人们欣赏音乐戏曲的音质要求.1981年由科学出版社出版、谢兴甫编著的《立体声原理》一书在发展立体声录音、立体声调频广播、立体声唱片和厅堂电声系统过程中,在普及家庭高保真立体声的浪潮中是一本有价值的参考书. 《立体声原理》全书约31万字,是按照立体声发展过程的顺序来编写的,它不但总结了国内外有关立体     

固体板条MOPA激光光束质量主动控制

详细介绍了固体板条MOPA激光系统输出光束特性,包括光束近场强度分布、波前畸变空间特性和时间频率特性等,并以此为设计输入,研制了大动态范围高空间分辨率变形镜。研制的自适应光学闭环校正系统在强光条件下,实现了全程闭环控制,光束质量因子平均值从开环7.4提高到4.06。根据当前波前闭环校正残差,提出了进一步提高MOPA系统输出光束质量的方法。     

应用数字技术测量扬声器的特性

扬声器的主要特性是灵敏度频率响应,习惯上指幅度频率特性。通常是在消声室内用正弦信号扫描方法测量。扬声器的测量技术从50年代以来进展缓慢。考虑到语言和音乐本质上是一种瞬态信号,因此一度建议使用猝发声、阶梯波和脉冲来测量扬声器的响应。但是在使用模拟式测量设备时,脉冲的能量很小,使信噪比很低,数据分析也有困难,使它们无法实用。最近,数字计算机的应用,快速傅里叶变换的出现,使一种测量扬声器脉冲响应再计算其转移函数的新方法获得了实际应用。它不但用于扬声器的设计和研制,也已应用于生产中。     

HL-2A 装置LHCD 微波功率测量系统设计

为了解决在功率测量中检波器输出的非线性曲线和动态输入功率范围小等问题,为500kW/3.7GHz 的LHCD 系统设计了对数检波器,并由其组成新型线性微波功率测量系统。测试结果表明,该测量系统具有更大的动态功率测量范围,其特征曲线在本系统功率参数内具有优良的线性特性,对数一致性误差在-1dB~+1dB 范围内可输入微波功率动态范围>40dB,在系统可用范围内利用线性拟合获得的相关系数大于0.999。该结果优于以前设备测试结果。     

几种人工混响装置的特性分析

本文简要地阐述混响室、板式混响器(钢板混响器,金箔混响器),弹簧混响器,电子混响器(模拟式和数字式电子混响器)等工作原理。对其混响声的主要特性参量:混响时间T_(60)及混响时间频率特性T_(60)-f;初次反射声的延迟时间及其与频率的关系;简正频率密度,反射声密度以及各自混响声的音色主观评价进行了比较分析,指出各种人工混响装置的特色. 最后,对人工混响装置在模拟厅堂及各种环境(包括某些特殊效果)中对不同声源进行声加工时应选取的特性参量以及人工混响装置的选取提出了参考意见。 总之,根据不同节目内容和特点,合理地选取人工混响装置及其特性参量对提高声音的技术质量和艺术质量是十分重要的。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.