替位杂质对贵金属(111)表面稳定性影响的分子动力学研究

采用嵌入原子方法的原子间相互作用势，通过分子动力学方法研究了过渡族金属Cu，Ag，Au，Ni，Pd，Pt(111)表面的相互替位掺杂对表面稳定性的影响，计算了替位掺杂体系的表面能与表面空位形成能，探讨了影响表面稳定性的因素及其变化规律. 计算表明：替位杂质对表面能变化的影响主要是替位杂质的凝聚能和原子半径，而影响空位形成能变化的原因除凝聚能和原子半径外，合金溶解热具有重要的作用. 此外，通过替位杂质导致的体系表面能变化对合金体系的偏析行为进行了预测，理论预测与实验结果符合很好. 关键词： 替位杂质 贵金属 表面能 表面空位形成能     

用LMTO方法对清洁Nb(100)面电子结构的研究

用LMTO-ASA方法计算了铌的体态密度和清洁Nb(100)表面的局域态密度以及有关的表面能。所计算的体态密度与用其它方法计算的态密度符合得很好,表面能则支持了低能电子衍射(LEED)动力学计算的结果,并且通过分析表面局域态密度,提出了清洁Nb(100)表面存在表面态,表面态位于费密能级的上方。 关键词：     

用改进嵌入原子法计算Cu晶体的表面能

用改进嵌入原子法(MEAM)计算了Cu晶体12个晶面的表面能.结果表明，密排面(111)的表面能最小.其他晶面的表面能随其晶面与(111)晶面夹角的增加而增加，据此可以粗略地估计各晶面表面能的相对大小.给出的几何结构因子的确定方法及结果可以直接用于计算其他面心立方晶体的表面能及其他特性.在Cu,Ag等面心立方薄膜中出现(111)择优取向或织构的机理是表面能的最小化. 关键词： 改进嵌入原子法 铜 表面能 计算     

一种晶体表面自由能的计算方法

采用“断键模型”计算了立方晶体理想表面的悬键密度，进而计算了其表面自由能(SFE).结 果表明：对于理想(1×1)-(hkl)表面，SFE可以表示为键能、键长和表面方向的函数.该 模型简单地解决了晶体SFE各向异性的理论问题.根据该模型和Wulff定则得出的晶体平衡形 状与理论完全一致；同时，计算结果也表明面心立方和体心立方晶体的平衡形状与其三维第 一布里渊区重合. 关键词： 表面自由能 晶体 悬键 平衡形状     

fcc金属表面能的各向异性分析及表面偏析的预测

本文将元素变量(φ^*和n_WS)和MAEAM相结合,从原子尺度上对10种fcc金属Cu,Ag,Au,Ni,Pd,Pt,Rh,Al,Ir和Pb的38个不同晶面的表面能进行模拟计算及各向异性分析. 结果表明,fcc金属的密排面(111)的表面能最小,则该晶粒取向优先生长,与实验结果和第一原理的LMTO-ASA计算结果一致;各个晶面的表面能均随着其他晶面与(111)晶面的夹角cosθ_(hkl)的增长而呈线性 关键词： FCC金属 MAEAM 表面能 表面偏析     

BiOCl{001}表面原子与电子结构的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了BiOCl{001}的三种不同终端面({001}-1Cl, {001}-BiO 和{001}-2Cl)的表面弛豫、能带结构、电子态密度和表面能. 计算结果表明: {001}-1Cl, {001}-BiO和{001}-2Cl表面均发生明显弛豫, 而在双Cl原子层处的层间距变化较大, 但未出现振荡弛豫现象, 其中{001}-1Cl表面弛豫较小. 与体相BiOCl电子结构相比, BiOCl{001}面具有较窄的带隙宽度, 并呈现较强局域性:对于{001}-BiO表面, 其导带与价带均往低能方向发生较大移动, 并且在导带底部出现表面态; 而{001}-2Cl表面的表面态主要出现在价带顶; {001}-1Cl表面的带隙中则无表面态产生; 表面态的出现导致{001}-BiO面和{001}-2Cl面带隙明显减小. BiOCl{001}三种终端表面的表面能分析结果表明, {001}-1Cl表面的表面能最小(0.09206 J·m^-2), 结构最稳定, 而{001}-BiO表面和{001}-2Cl表面的表面能分别为2.392和2.461 J·m^-2. 理论预测{001}-BiO表面和{001}-2Cl表面具有较高的活性, 但在BiOCl晶体生长过程中不易暴露. 本文计算结果为实验获得BiOCl高活性面{001}给予了基础理论解释, 进一步为BiOCl新型光催化材料的应用研究提供理论指导. 关键词： BiOCl{001}表面 表面弛豫 表面能 第一性原理     

铁的嵌入原子模型势

采用最近导出的普适分析型嵌入原子模型 [generalembeddedatommethod(GEAM) ],对BCC结构的Fe元素进行了描述。计算了元素Fe的单空位形成能 ,双空位结合能 ,弹性常数 ,结构稳定性 ,在 (10 0 )、(110 )、(111)面上的表面能 ,以及元素的声子谱。计算结果和实验结果相符合     

B2-和B19'-NiTi表面原子弛豫、表面能、电子结构及性能的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理系统研究了B2-和B19'-NiTi合金所有低指数表面的表面能、表面结构稳定性、表面电子结构等性质.计算结果表明两种NiTi合金所有低指数表面的原子弛豫主要集中在表面2-3个原子层,且以Ti原子为终止原子表面构型的原子振荡最为剧烈,Ni和Ti原子共同终止表面构型的原子振荡最小;价电荷密度沿着表面构型向真空层方向快速衰减;表面能计算结果显示其与配位数成反相关.B2-和B19'-NiTi合金的非密排且非化学计量比表面的表面能取决于Ti的化学势,表面能数值较高;而密排面的表面构型符合化学计量比,其表面能较低,表现出卓越的化学稳定性;其中以B2-NiTi(101)密排面的表面稳定性最优.     

Cu 表面性质的第一性原理分析

采用第一性原理赝势平面波方法, 计算并详细分析了面心立方Cu晶体及其 (100), (110) 和 (111) 这3个低指数表面的原子结构、 表面能量及表面电子态密度. 表面能的计算结果表明, Cu (111) 表面的结构稳定性最好, Cu (100) 表面次之, Cu (110)表面的结构稳定性最差. 3个表面的表面原子弛豫量随着层数的增加而逐渐减弱. Cu (110) 表面的最表层原子相对收缩最大, Cu (100)表面次之, Cu (111) 表面的最表层原子相对收缩最小. 表面原子弛豫不仅引起表面几何结构的变化, 而且使表面层原子的电子态密度峰形相对晶体内部发生变化, 这是表面能产生的主要原因, 而Cu (110)表面相对于Cu (100)与Cu (111)表面具有高表面活性的主要原因则源于其表面层原子电子态密度在高能级处的波峰相对晶体内部显著的升高. 关键词： Cu 晶体 表面结构 表面能 态密度     

水平梯度表面能材料表面上的滴状凝结换热系数

本文在均质表面的单个球缺形液滴换热模型和液滴通用尺度分布规律的基础上,结合梯度表面能材料表面的液滴分布和凝结换热特性,得到了一维水平梯度表面能材料表面上的滴状凝结换热计算式。在此基础上,研究了壁面过冷度、接触角梯度、工质物性等参数对梯度表面能材料表面滴状凝结换热性能的影响。结果表明:随着过冷度的增加和凝结工质汽化潜热的增大和表面张力的减小和接触角梯度的增大,平均表面凝结换热系数会增大。     

Calculation of the surface energy of fcc metals with modified embedded-atom method

The surface energies for 38 surfaces of fcc metals Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, A1, Pb, Rh and Ir have been calculated by using the modified embedded-atom method. The results show that, for Cu, Ag, Ni, A1, Pb and Ir, the average values of the surface energies are very close to the polycrystalline experimental data. For all fcc metals, as predicted, the close-packed (111) surface has the lowest surface energy. The surface energies for the other surfaces increase linearly with increasing angle between the surfaces (hkl) and (111). This can be used to estimate the relative values of the surface energy.     

Study of surface cell Madelung constant and surface free energy of nanosized crystal grain

Surface cell Madelung constant is firstly defined for calculating the surface free energy of nanosized crystal grains, which explains the physical performance of small crystals and may be greatly beneficial to the analysis of surface states and the study of the dynamics of crystal nucleation and growth. A new approximative expression of the surface energy and relevant thermodynamic data are used in this calculation. New formula and computing method for calculating the Madelung constant α of any complex crystals are proposed, and the surface free energies and surface electrostatic energies of nanosized crystal grains and the Madelung constant of some complex crystals are theoretically calculated in this paper. The surface free energy of nanosized-crystal-grain TiO₂ and the surface electrostatic energy(absolute value) of nanosized-crystal-grain α -Al₂O₃ are found to be the biggest among all the crystal grains including those of other species.     

Accurate double many-body expansion potential energy surface of HS_2(A~2A') by scaling the external correlation

A globally accurate single-sheeted double many-body expansion potential energy surface is reported for the first excited state of HS_2 by fitting the accurate ab initio energies, which are calculated at the multireference configuration interaction level with the aug-cc-pVQZ basis set. By using the double many-body expansion-scaled external correlation method,such calculated ab initio energies are then slightly corrected by scaling their dynamical correlation. A grid of 2767 ab initio energies is used in the least-square fitting procedure with the total root-mean square deviation being 1.406 kcal · mol~(-1).The topographical features of the HS_2(A_2A') global potential energy surface are examined in detail. The attributes of the stationary points are presented and compared with the corresponding ab initio results as well as experimental and other theoretical data, showing good agreement. The resulting potential energy surface of HS_2(A_2A') can be used as a building block for constructing the global potential energy surfaces of larger S/H molecular systems and recommended for dynamic studies on the title molecular system.     

Liquid surface and liquid/liquid interface energies of binary subregular alloys and wetting transitions

Energetics and chemistry of liquid surfaces and liquid/liquid interfaces of binary A-B alloys are calculated using a subregular solution model. In this model, two macroscopic energetic parameters are used to produce an asymmetric miscibility gap. They are related to two microscopic parameters which describe the interaction energy between two atoms as a function of the composition of the first coordination shell of each atom. The impact of the asymmetry of the A-B interactions on the surface and interfacial energies and adsorption are analyzed by comparing the results obtained with this subregular model to those calculated for a regular solution. The role of the asymmetry on the prewetting and wetting transitions are also discussed. Calculations performed in the Co-Cu system are in good agreement with experimental data of surface energy.     

Temperature dependence of volume and surface symmetry energy coefficients of nuclei

The thermal evolution of the energies and free energies of a set of spherical and near-spherical nuclei spanning the whole periodic table are calculated in the subtracted finite-temperature Thomas–Fermi framework with the zero-range Skyrme-type KDE0 and the finite-range modified Seyler–Blanchard interaction. The calculated energies are subjected to a global fit in the spirit of the liquid-drop model. The extracted parameters in this model reflect the temperature dependence of the volume symmetry and surface symmetry coefficients of finite nuclei, in addition to that of the volume and surface energy coefficients. The temperature dependence of the surface symmetry energy is found to be very substantial whereas that of the volume symmetry energy turns out to be comparatively mild.     

库仑位垒附近熔合反应的研究

利用改进的量子分子动力学研究了16?O?+?16?O库仑位垒附近的熔合反应,用连接函数的方法对体系的表面能做了改进.利用这种方法避免了非物理的核子发射,熔合截面有了明显的增加,这是因为体系的表面形变效应可以通过连接函数来体现,从而抑制了弹靶在熔合过程中非物理的核子发射.     

Ground State Properties of Superheavy Nuclei in Macroscopic-Microscopic Model

The ground state properties of superheavy nuclei are systematically calculated by the macroscopic-microscopic (MM) model with the Nilsson potential. The calculations well produced the ground state binding energies, α-decay energies, and half lives of superheavy nuclei. The calculated results are systematically compared with available experimental data. The calculated results are also compared with theoretical results from other MM models and from relativistic mean-field model. The calculations and comparisons show that the MM model is reliable in superheavy region and that the MM model results are not very sensitive to the choice of microscopic single-particle potential.     

Raman probe to estimate surface energies of embedded semiconductor nanostructures

Embedded semiconductor nanoclusters (nc‐) of GaN, Si and InN were grown using the ion‐implantation technique and subsequent annealing. Detailed phonon properties were studied for the identification of the grown phases as well as to estimate the stress developed in these embedded structures. The surface energies of the embedded nanoclusters were calculated in analogy with the stressed spherical nanoclusters and excess pressure in a liquid drop. The estimated surface energies for nc‐GaN ∼4 Nm⁻¹, nc‐InN ∼2.7 Nm⁻¹ and nc‐Si ∼1.4 Nm⁻¹ are discussed in the light of possible phase transition in the nanocrystalline systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.