A Method for Removing the Effect of the Camera Radiance on the Infrared Image

The radiance coming from the interior of an uncooled infrared camera has significant effect on the quality of an infrared image. The classical two-point-correction (TPC) method fails to remove this effect where no TPC data is collected. To overcome this deficit, this paper presents a three-phase scheme. First, from a set of samples and through least squares fitting, how the TPC datum varies with the interior temperature of the camera is determined. On this basis, all the necessary TPC data are calculated. Finally, the collected infrared image is corrected with the TPC method. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that, for a proper interior temperature of the camera, the scheme can remove the effect effectively.     

Building an accurate 3D model of a circular feature for robot vision

In this paper, an accurate 3D model analysis of a circular feature is built with error compensation for robot vision. We propose an efficient method of fitting ellipses to data points by minimizing the algebraic distance subject to the constraint that a conic should be an ellipse and solving the ellipse parameters through a direct ellipse fitting method by analysing the 3D geometrical representation in a perspective projection scheme, the 3D position of a circular feature with known radius can be obtained. A set of identical circles, machined on a calibration board whose centres were known, was calibrated with a camera and did the model analysis that our method developed. Experimental results show that our method is more accurate than other methods.     

Digital image correlation for large deformation applied in Ti alloy compression and tension test

In this paper, digital speckle correlation is used in the measurement of Ti alloy compression and tension test. The key technologies applied in the measurement are discussed in detail, including camera calibration with telephoto lens and digital image correlation in large deformation. Single camera self-calibration algorithm based on photogrammetry is proposed. In the algorithm, the interior parameters of camera are estimated without calibrated object, using the bundle adjustment technique, so the 3-D coordinates of calibration target points are not needed in advance to get a reliable camera calibration result. An updating reference image scheme could be employed to deal with large deformation situation. A large deformation measurement scheme, updating reference image scheme, is proposed in this paper. The un-deformed image is used as reference in correlation at first. Only for extremely large deformation field, in which iteration of correlation is not convergent, the reference image is updated to the image of previous deformed stage. Using this method, not only extremely large deformation can be measured successfully but also the accumulated error could be controlled. The 75 mm lens is calibrated in the measurement and compared the result with extensometer and un-calibrated image. Experimental results show that up to 150% tensile deformation and 50% compression deformation can be measured successfully.     

光栅投影三维测量系统标定技术研究

相机与投影仪的标定是影响光栅投影三维测量系统精度的因素之一，且标定所得参数的精度直接影响系统的测量精度。分析标志点边缘成像时的退化模型，提出了基于高斯曲线拟合与边缘局部区域效应相结合的亚像素边缘检测方法，获取高精度边缘，提高标志点检测精度；使用基于透视变换图像矫正的标志点快速排序匹配方法，进行相机快速高精度标定。分析投影仪标定时的相位误差，提出了一种基于径向基的线性插值方式，提高标志点圆心相位获取精度。实验验证，使用上述亚像素边缘检测方式，标志点的边缘残差为0.0871，对比基于高斯曲线的拟合方式，精度提高了41%，相机标定重投影误差均值为0.0524像素；使用上述相位插值方式，投影仪标定重投影误差均值为0.1203像素，对比使用双线性插值方式，标定精度提高23.9%。     

直接斜率法波前拟合和复原误差的仿真分析

报道了利用数值仿真方法对自适应光学系统补偿激光传输湍流效应中的波前拟合和复原误差的计算分析。计算结果表明，在利用波前斜率进行波前复原的实际自适应光学系统中，波前复原误差是利用波前最小方差法计算的波前拟合误差的１．２４倍。     

Determination of Interior Surface Temperature Using Luminance Measurement of Thermochromic Liquid Crystals

This paper presents a new method to measure interior surface temperature distributions. An image-resolved luminance measurement camera is used to capture light transmitted through thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC). These crystals change their optical properties with temperature. The experiments clearly show a unique relationship between temperature and the luminance value of the TLC. A calibration function is detected to transform the measured luminance distribution into corresponding temperatures. The developed method is applied to a model of an automotive headlamp. The data are compared with results obtained by using standard techniques such as infrared camera and thermocouple measurement. By that, a reasonable accuracy of the developed method of about ± 0.7°C can be determined. Knowing the temperature on both inner and outer surfaces, the heat transfer can be evaluated.     

基于光学测棒的立体视觉坐标测量系统的研究

提出了一种基丁测量与校准功能合一的光学测棒的立体视觉坐标测最系统.采用光学测棒作为成像目标,通过任意放置的两台摄像机获取测棒上的发光特征点的图像实现被测物体三维坐标的测量,同时利用测量数据定期对两台摄像机外部方位参数进行校准.深入研究了两台摄像机内部参数和外部方位参数校准过程中的校准件和校准算法的设计,以及系统测量建模等关键技术,提出了相应的解决方案,减小了摄像机内外参数校准及测量模型对测量结果的影响,提高系统的测量精度.实验结果表明.该系统的最大测量误差为0.11 mm.     

Neonatal infrared thermography imaging: Analysis of heat flux during different clinical scenarios

IntroductionAn accurate skin temperature measurement of Neonatal Infrared Thermography (NIRT) imaging requires an appropriate calibration process for compensation of external effects (e.g. variation of environmental temperature, variable air velocity or humidity). Although modern infrared cameras can perform such calibration, an additional compensation is required for highly accurate thermography. This compensation which corrects any temperature drift should occur during the NIRT imaging process. We introduce a compensation technique which is based on modeling the physical interactions within the measurement scene and derived the detected temperature signal of the object.Materials and methodsIn this work such compensation was performed for different NIRT imaging application in neonatology (e.g. convective incubators, kangaroo mother care (KMC), and an open radiant warmer). The spatially distributed temperatures of 12 preterm infants (average gestation age 31 weeks) were measured under these different infant care arrangements (i.e. closed care system like a convective incubator, and open care system like kangaroo mother care, and open radiant warmer).ResultsAs errors in measurement of temperature were anticipated, a novel compensation method derived from infrared thermography of the neonate’s skin was developed. Moreover, the differences in temperature recording for the 12 preterm infants varied from subject to subject. This variation could be arising from individual experimental setting applied to the same region of interest over the neonate’s body. The experimental results for the model-based corrections is verified over the selected patient group.ConclusionThe proposed technique relies on applying model-based correction to the measured temperature and reducing extraneous errors during NIRT. This application specific method is based on different heat flux compartments present in neonatal thermography scene. Furthermore, these results are considered to be groundwork for further investigation, especially when using NIRT imaging arrangement with additional compensation settings together with reference temperature measurements.     

相机自热引起像点漂移的实验分析与温度补偿模型研究

为减小摄影测量中温度对测量精度的影响,基于物理实验,对相机自热引起的像点漂移影响机理进行研究,提出一种针对相机自热致像点漂移补偿方法.通过摄像测量技术对不动标志点进行长期连续监测,发现测量系统温度变化确实会引起像点漂移测量误差,其中水平漂移测量误差可达1.11Pixel,竖向漂移测量误差可达2.22Pixel.基于试验...     

Non-contact scanning measurement utilizing a space mapping method

In this study, a novel approach to a measuring methodology and calibration method for an optical non-contact scanning probe system is proposed and verified by experiments. The optical probe consists of a line laser diode and two charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras and is placed on a computer numerical control (CNC) machine to measure the workpiece profiles. A space mapping method using the least-squares algorithm is presented for the probe calibration and profile measurement. This method provides a simple and accurate calculation of the relationship between the real space plane and its related image space plane in a CCD camera. A transparent grid with regularly spaced nodal points is used to construct the space mapping function. The space coordinate of an object can be obtained from its image in the CCD camera via the mapping function. The measured profile data are smoothed by the B-spline blending function and can be transferred to a CAD/CAM package for industrial applications. Experimental results show that this technique can determine the 3-D profile of an object with an accuracy of 60 μm.     

一种气压传感器新型标定补偿方法（英）

通常气压传感器的标定补偿方法复杂耗时,开发了一种新的方法去简化气压传感器的标定补偿。首先,设计恒温结构,并通过PID算法自动调节,使气压传感器的核心敏感元件工作于某一个固定温度（此温度稍高于气压传感器需要工作的最高温度点）;其次,把气压传感器在与这个固定温度点相等的环境温度下进行标定;最后,完成标定后不管环境温度如何变化,气压传感器敏感元件始终工作在一个恒定的温度,因此气压传感器的标定与补偿可以得到简化。经测试,气压传感器在一定的环境温度范围内实现恒温工作,标定后可以以较高的精度测量气压,实验结果表明经过标定补偿后的气压传感器可以在实际中应用。     

采用分离式差分标定靶的单摄像机标定方法

采用分离式差分标定方法实现对单摄像机的高精度标定。在摄像机的物面位置上放置多个小尺度的分离式标定靶,每个标定靶上有标准点阵列,对每个光点由高斯曲面拟合法得到其CCD像面上的位置,光点位置检测结果的稳定性(均方根)达到1μm(相当于CCD 0.0053 pixel)。利用同一标定靶上标准点之间的物面差分坐标,进行四次曲面拟合,建立摄像机的像面与物面之间的映射关系。该方法对各个标定靶之间的距离没有提出要求,采用多个小尺寸的差分标定靶代替整体式的大尺度标定靶,降低对大尺度标定靶的制作要求。实验表明,当各个标定靶之间的相对角度误差小于60″时,标定残差平均值可以达到4.8μm(相当于CCD 0.028 pixel)。     

CBERS-02B星HR相机内方位元的在轨标定方法

遥感相机内方位元素的在轨标定对遥感图像的定位和测量具有重要意义.利用线阵推扫传感器构像模型,提出了一种对CBERS-02B星HR相机内方位元素进行在轨标定的方法.该方法以内方位元素和姿态角为未知参数,建立地面控制点和相应像点的共线方程组,通过解算共线方程组获得内方位元素.实验证明,用该方法对内方位元素进行在轨标定,具有...     

Improved 3D displacement measurements method and calibration of a combined fringe projection and 2D-DIC system

An improved measurement method and an automatic calibration procedure are proposed for a combined 2D Digital Image Correlation and Fringe Projection system that allows measuring in- and out-of-plane displacement maps with only one image at each deformation stage of a specimen. The proposed method increases the accuracy and range of the out-of-plane displacements by taking into account the divergences of both the projected fringes (uncollimated) and the camera (with non-zero FOV). The calibration is performed automatically by acquiring a sequence of images of a reference plane by displacing perpendicular to it the camera and fringe projector with a motorized translation stage. The acquired images are then used to obtain a fringe function for each pixel and the necessary parameters required for the correction of the in-plane displacements. Furthermore, a closed form expression is obtained that relates the out-of-plane displacements with the shifted phase at each pixel for a given experimental set-up. This expression is in good agreement with the fringe function obtained by fitting a simple 2nd order polynomial to the experimental obtained calibration data. Finally, the polynomial approach is proposed as a fringe function because it avoids the errors in the determination of the required parameters of the theoretical expression as well as some small misalignment or aberration effects.     

The beam-based calibration of an X-ray pinhole camera at SSRF

A pinhole camera for imaging X-ray synchrotron radiation from a dipole magnet is now in operation at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) storage ring. The electron beam size is derived by unfolding the radiation image and the point spread function (PSF) with deconvolution techniques. The performance of the pinhole is determined by the accuracy of the PSF measurement. This article will focus on a beam-based calibration scheme to measure the PSF system by varying the beam images with different quadrupole settings and fitting them with the corresponding theoretical beam sizes. Applying this method at SSRF, the PSF value of the pinhole is revised from 37 to 44 μm. The deviation in beam size between the theoretical value and the measured value is minimized to 4% after calibration. This optimization allows us to observe the horizontal disturbance due to injection down to as small as 0.5 μm.     

Error evaluation for Zernike polynomials fitting based phase compensation of digital holographic microscopy

Combining the experimental research with the simulation calculation, the error evaluation for Zernike polynomials fitting (ZPF) based phase compensation of digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is performed. The obtained results show that the reconstructed phase with high precision can be obtained by ZPF phase compensation algorithm. Moreover, the phase error for ZPF based phase compensation algorithm increases with both the variation of object height and object transverse area, the larger variation of object height, the larger of phase error, and the larger of object transverse area, the faster increase of RMS phase error. To decrease the error of ZPF phase compensation algorithm, it is required to ensure one of the variations of object height and object transverse area to be a small value. Importantly, the proposed method supplies a useful tool for the error evaluation of phase compensation algorithm.     

放疗3D剂量验证系统中光场相机点扩散函数获取

基于闪烁光场成像的放疗新型3D剂量测量中,需利用点扩散函数将每一个二维平面的真实闪烁光数据从重叠图像中提取出来。利用刀口法,结合光场数字重聚焦以及聚焦测距法,实验获取光场相机不同重聚焦位置处的点扩散函数,并给出棋盘格标定板在参数α=0.6时的重聚焦面聚焦在α=0.7位置处的高斯离焦点扩散函数表达式,研究光场相机点扩散函数的规律,通过测量几个必要值便可由函数拟合得到所有点扩散函数,减少光学分层成像中因分层数量增加引起的标定工作量。将结果引入图像处理,通过反卷积运算可获得每一个二维重聚焦面的真实闪烁光数据,有助于3D剂量的实时精确测量。     

Robust geometric,phase and colour structured light projection system calibration

This paper introduces a new comprehensive procedure for both geometric and colour calibration of structured light system. In order to perform both geometric and colour calibration procedure, a new calibration artifact is proposed. The intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of projector and camera are estimated by using an extended pinhole camera model with a tangential and radial distortion. Camera image plane coordinates are obtained by extracting features from images of a calibration artifact. Projector image plane coordinates are calculated on the basis of continuous phase maps obtained from a fringe pattern phase reconstruction procedure. In order to stereo calibrate camera-projector system, pairs of corresponding image plane points are calculated with subpixel accuracy. In addition, one of three pattern views is used in colour calibration. RGB values of a colour field pattern detected by camera and their reference values are compared. This comparison leads to derivation of a colour transformation matrix. The performance of the proposed method is tested by measuring plane, sphere and distance reference. Also 360 degrees complex object 3D model from a set of measurements is obtained. Residual mean errors for all tests performed are calculated.     

基于薄板样条插值法的MEMS陀螺仪温度补偿模型辨识（英文）

MEMS gyroscopes are widely used in the underwater vehicles owing to their excellent performance and affordable costs.However,the temperature sensitivity of the sensor seriously affects measurement accuracy.Therefore,it is significantly to accurately identify the temperature compensation model in this paper,the calibration parameters were first extracted by using the fast calibration algorithm based on the Persistent Excitation Signal Criterion,and then,MEMS gyro temperature compensation model was established by utilizing the thin plate spline interpolation method,and the corresponding identification results were compared with the results from the polynomial fitting method.The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been validated through the comparative experiment.     

投影器的标定方法

随着近景摄影测量的发展,投影器的使用越来越频繁和广泛。为了更好地使用和充分地利用投影器,需要求解投影器的内方位元素,即对投影器进行标定。提出了一种方便有效的投影器标定的方法。只需要一架投影器、一部数码相机、一个平面格网和一台计算机,设备的连接和使用相对方便灵活。基于近景摄影测量的理论,结合二维直接线性变换(2D-DLT)和共线方程,运用图像处理的方法,利用光束法平差对投影器进行标定。实验及其结果证明了该标定方法的正确性和有效性。