卷积完全匹配层截断3维金属矩形波导的应用研究

 讨论了高功率微波源模拟中波导开放边界截断的需求，分析了不同类型完全匹配层(PML)的特点，选用卷积形式PML截断色散波导器件的开放边界。从自由空间电磁波的平面波解和分裂形式的PML出发，构造了未分裂形式的PML，用傅里叶变换的卷积定理，导出了直角坐标系下卷积完全匹配层(CPML)介质中电磁场的迭代形式的离散方程。在不同频率和模式激励源作用下，模拟计算了CPML截断矩形波导开放边界的性能，数值结果表明最大相对误差都小于-70 dB，远好于Mur吸收边界的截断效果。     

CPML在空中核爆电磁脉冲三维数值模拟中的应用

在分析不同类型完全匹配层(PML,perfectl ymatched layer)特点的基础上,选用了卷积形式PML(CPML,convolutional perfectly matched layer)截断空中核爆电磁脉冲(NEMP,nuclear electromagnetic pulse)数值模拟的开放边界.从自由空间中电磁波的平面波解和分裂形式的PML出发,构造了未分裂形式的PML,应用付里叶变换的卷积定理,推导出三维旋转椭球-双曲正交坐标系下CPML介质中电磁场的迭代形式的离散方程.获得了很好的截断效果,展示了CPML在NEMP数值模拟中的应用前景.     

基于Z变换的高阶完全匹配层实现

基于拉伸坐标完全匹配层(SC-PML)公式和Z变换方法,提出以非分裂场形式来实现具有多极点的高阶完全匹配层的高效算法,来截断时域有限差分(FDTD)网格.在吸收性能方面,高阶PML同时具有传统PML和复频率偏移完全匹配层(CFS-PML)二者的优点.提供的数值算例是二维TE极化电磁波与无限长且有限宽度的理想电导体(PEC)薄片的相互作用.仿真结果显示,高阶PML公式在衰减低频行波和隐失波及减少后期反射方面效果好,比传统SC-PML和复频率偏移的卷积完全匹配层(CPML)算法有更好的吸收性能.     

共形完全匹配层按层积分算法

基于共形完全匹配层(CPML)吸收边界,构造一种共形完全匹配层矢量单元按层积分算法,将多层单元积分运算叠加到一层单元中进行,用多层单元剖分,以一层单元计算矩阵元素,即保留了多层单元的几何和材料信息,又减少了单元数量和计算量.数值算例表明,这种按层积分CPML吸收效果好,计算量小,可靠,高效.     

瞬变电磁场模拟中的CPML吸收边界条件

提出用于瞬变电磁法(TEM)模拟的时域有限差分(FDTD)算法中的卷积完全匹配层(CPML)吸收边界条件.首先,在磁场散度方程显式处理条件下,计算磁场z分量时,构造出一种计算时域卷积项的方法,并详细推导计算磁场z分量的表达式.而后,对均匀半空间模型进行数值计算.结果表明,提出的CPML吸收边界条件在保证计算精度的前提下,实现了瞬变电磁法时域有限差分高效正演计算.     

卷积完全匹配层在空爆电磁脉冲2维模拟中的应用

 在分析不同类型完全匹配层特点的基础上，选用了卷积形式完全匹配层（CPML）截断空中核爆电磁脉冲数值模拟的开放边界。从自由空间中电磁波的平面波解和分裂形式的完全匹配层出发，构造了未分裂形式的完全匹配层，应用傅里叶变换的卷积定理，推导出2维旋转椭球-双曲正交坐标系下卷积形式完全匹配层介质中电磁场的迭代形式的离散方程。计算表明，采用CPML吸收边界方法使得截断的外边界处的场的计算误差大大减少。     

二阶声场波动方程的非分裂完全匹配层算法

在声场仿真中,完全匹配层(Perfectly Matched Layer,PML)是一种十分有效的吸收边界并得到广泛应用。为了解决基于二阶声场波动方程数值仿真中的吸收边界问题,提出了一种非分裂PML算法。首先,基于伸缩坐标变换,推导了PML算法的频域表达式。然后,通过构造辅助微分方程,得到了非分裂PML的时域表达式。最后,进行了相关理论分析和数值仿真,结果表明:相对于已有的声场分裂PML算法,该算法在保持相同的吸收效率的同时,能较大地节约存储空间,提高计算效率,且更易于实现。      

基于辅助差分方程的完全匹配层在时域多分辨率分析算法中的应用与性能分析

将基于辅助微分方程的完全匹配层(ADE-PML)吸收边界条件引入到基于Daubechies尺度函数的时域多分辨率分析算法中. 与目前广泛应用的Berenger完全匹配层(PML)和各向异性介质完全匹配层(APML) 相比, 该吸收边界条件的实现更加容易且更节省内存. 数值结果表明, ADE-PML在吸收传播模和低频凋落模方面均优于PML和APML.     

有耗介质空间完全匹配层吸收边界条件及其应用

 针对Gedney提出的完全匹配层(PML)无法用于有耗各向同性计算域的截断及其对倏逝波的衰减不理想等问题,提出了一种扩展方法。扩展的PML的主要思想是在各向异性的PML中引入与有耗介质空间相一致的复介电常数和复磁导率,使之可以与有耗介质计算域相匹配。通过给PML的张量介电常数、张量磁导率增加衰减因子以加速倏逝波的衰减。构造了PML吸收效果验证模型,数值结果证明了扩展的PML在处理有耗介质计算域截断问题中的有效性。利用该吸收边界条件,采用时域有限差分法计算了电磁脉冲作用下地面铺设电缆的电磁脉冲响应,计算结果和试验结果取得了较好的一致。     

非线性欧拉方程组的完美匹配层吸收边界条件

对于非线性Euler方程,提出一类基于完美匹配层(PML)技术的吸收边界条件。首先对线性化的Euler方程设计出PML公式,然后将线性化Euler方程中的通量函数替换成相对应的非线性通量函数,得到非线性的PML方程。考虑到PML方程中包含有一个刚性的源项,文中采用一种隐显Runge-Kutta方法来求解空间半离散后得到的ODE系统。数值实验表明设计的非线性PML吸收边界条件优于传统的特征边界条件。     

Application of convolution perfectly matched layer in finite element method calculation for 2D acoustic wave

A method was presented to extend the Convolution Perfectly Matched Layer(CPML), which bases on the complex coordinates transformation and complex frequency shifted stretched-coordinate metrics,to the 2D acoustic equation calculated with the method of Finite Element Method(FEM).This non-physical layer is used at the computational edge of a FEM as an Absorbing Boundary Condition(ABC) to truncate unbounded media.In this paper,the CPML equations have been presented in frequency domain and in time domain,respectively,and the calculations have been realized in the FEM software of COMSOL.The main advantage of CPML over the classical PML layer is that it is based on the unsplit components of the wave field leading to a more stable,highly effective absorption and a more facility to realize.The results of numerical simulation demonstrate that CPML has better absorbability than PML and it absorbs the outgoing energy more effectively.     

Frequency domain finite-element and spectral-element acoustic wave modeling using absorbing boundaries and perfectly matched layer

Wave propagation modeling as a vital tool in seismology can be done via several different numerical methods among them are finite-difference, finite-element, and spectral-element methods (FDM, FEM and SEM). Some advanced applications in seismic exploration benefit the frequency domain modeling. Regarding flexibility in complex geological models and dealing with the free surface boundary condition, we studied the frequency domain acoustic wave equation using FEM and SEM. The results demonstrated that the frequency domain FEM and SEM have a good accuracy and numerical efficiency with the second order interpolation polynomials. Furthermore, we developed the second order Clayton and Engquist absorbing boundary condition (CE-ABC2) and compared it with the perfectly matched layer (PML) for the frequency domain FEM and SEM. In spite of PML method, CE-ABC2 does not add any additional computational cost to the modeling except assembling boundary matrices. As a result, considering CE-ABC2 is more efficient than PML for the frequency domain acoustic wave propagation modeling especially when computational cost is high and high-level absorbing performance is unnecessary.     

Near-field performance analysis of locally-conformal perfectly matched absorbers via Monte Carlo simulations

In the numerical solution of some boundary value problems by the finite element method (FEM), the unbounded domain must be truncated by an artificial absorbing boundary or layer to have a bounded computational domain. The perfectly matched layer (PML) approach is based on the truncation of the computational domain by a reflectionless artificial layer which absorbs outgoing waves regardless of their frequency and angle of incidence. In this paper, we present the near-field numerical performance analysis of our new PML approach, which we call as locally-conformal PML, using Monte Carlo simulations. The locally-conformal PML method is an easily implementable conformal PML implementation, to the problem of mesh truncation in the FEM. The most distinguished feature of the method is its simplicity and flexibility to design conformal PMLs over challenging geometries, especially those with curvature discontinuities, in a straightforward way without using artificial absorbers. The method is based on a special complex coordinate transformation which is ‘locally-defined’ for each point inside the PML region. The method can be implemented in an existing FEM software by just replacing the nodal coordinates inside the PML region by their complex counterparts obtained via complex coordinate transformation. We first introduce the analytical derivation of the locally-conformal PML method for the FEM solution of the two-dimensional scalar Helmholtz equation arising in the mathematical modeling of various steady-state (or, time-harmonic) wave phenomena. Then, we carry out its numerical performance analysis by means of some Monte Carlo simulations which consider both the problem of constructing the two-dimensional Green’s function, and some specific cases of electromagnetic scattering.     

Near-field performance analysis of locally-conformal perfectly matched absorbers via Monte Carlo simulations

In the numerical solution of some boundary value problems by the finite element method (FEM), the unbounded domain must be truncated by an artificial absorbing boundary or layer to have a bounded computational domain. The perfectly matched layer (PML) approach is based on the truncation of the computational domain by a reflectionless artificial layer which absorbs outgoing waves regardless of their frequency and angle of incidence. In this paper, we present the near-field numerical performance analysis of our new PML approach, which we call as locally-conformal PML, using Monte Carlo simulations. The locally-conformal PML method is an easily implementable conformal PML implementation, to the problem of mesh truncation in the FEM. The most distinguished feature of the method is its simplicity and flexibility to design conformal PMLs over challenging geometries, especially those with curvature discontinuities, in a straightforward way without using artificial absorbers. The method is based on a special complex coordinate transformation which is ‘locally-defined’ for each point inside the PML region. The method can be implemented in an existing FEM software by just replacing the nodal coordinates inside the PML region by their complex counterparts obtained via complex coordinate transformation. We first introduce the analytical derivation of the locally-conformal PML method for the FEM solution of the two-dimensional scalar Helmholtz equation arising in the mathematical modeling of various steady-state (or, time-harmonic) wave phenomena. Then, we carry out its numerical performance analysis by means of some Monte Carlo simulations which consider both the problem of constructing the two-dimensional Green’s function, and some specific cases of electromagnetic scattering.     

Unconditionally Stable Complex Envelope Wave Equation PML Algorithm for Band Limited FDTD Simulations

Unconditionally stable complex envelope (CE) perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) are presented for truncating the scalar wave-equation finite difference time domain (WE-FDTD) grids. The formulations are based on incorporating the alternating direction implicit (ADI) scheme into the CE FDTD implementations of the scalar wave-equation derived in the PML region at the domain boundaries. Numerical example carried out in two dimensional domain shows that the proposed formulations are more accurate than the classical ADI scalar wave equation PML formulations when it is used for modelling band limited electromagnetic applications.