一种提高极值点处精度的三阶WENO-Z改进格式及应用

高精度、高分辨率激波捕捉格式对含激波流场的数值模拟具有重要意义。为了提高三阶WENO-Z格式在极值点处的计算精度,首先通过理论推导给出三阶WENO格式满足收敛精度的充分条件。采用泰勒级数展开的方式,推导确定所构造格式的参数。通过精度测试证明改进格式在光滑流场区域能收敛到三阶精度。选用Sod激波管、Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性等经典算例证实了提出的改进格式WENO-NN3相较其他格式(WENO-SJ3、WENO-Z3和WENO-N3)具有精度高、耗散低、对流场结构分辨率高的特性。     

分辨率优化的混合WENO格式

为提高有限差分格式的分辨率,利用傅里叶分析对WENO格式进行色散及耗散优化,并给出优化的线性权重.用优化后的WENO格式与保单调格式（MP）进行加权混合,得到新的加权混合WENO格式（H-WENO）.通过一维激波管问题、Shu-Osher问题及二维双Mach反射问题及R-T不稳定性问题对格式进行数值测试.结果显示,新格式具有强健的激波捕捉能力和对小尺度波结构的高分辨率,与原WENO格式相比改进明显.     

新型上风格式(AUSM+)的性能分析及其应用

研究了新型上风格式AUSM+的分辨率、效率等性能,并用它与Roe、vanLeer上风格式数值模拟了前向台阶激波反射流动,通过对激波、膨胀波、接触间断及其间相互干扰的复杂波系的模拟对比,分析探讨了AUSM+格式的低数值耗散、间断高分辨率等特性。     

一种改进的HLLEM格式及其激波稳定性分析

使用低耗散激波捕捉格式对高超声速流动问题进行数值模拟时经常会遭受不同形式的激波不稳定性.本文基于二维无黏可压缩Euler方程,对低耗散HLLEM格式进行激波稳定性分析.结果表明:激波面横向通量中切向速度的扰动增长诱发了格式的不稳定性.通过增加耗散来治愈HLLEM格式的激波不稳定性.为了避免引入过多的耗散进而影响剪切层的分辨率,定义激波探测函数和亚声速区探测函数,使得只有在计算激波层亚声速区的横向数值通量时才增加耗散,其余地方的数值通量依然采用低耗散的HLLEM格式来计算.稳定性分析和数值模拟的结果表明,改进的HLLEM格式不仅保留了原格式高分辨率的优点,还大大提高了格式的鲁棒性,在计算强激波问题时能够有效地抑制不稳定现象的发生.     

双曲型守恒律的一种三阶半离散中心迎风格式

对一维双曲型守恒律,给出了一种具有较小数值耗散的三阶半离散中心迎风格式.该格式以Liu和Tadmor提出的三阶无振荡重构为基础,同时考虑了波传播的单侧局部速度.时间离散用保持强稳定性的三阶Runge-Kutta方法.由于不需用Riemann解算器,避免了特征分解过程,保持了中心格式简单的优点.数值算例验证本方法可进一步减小数值耗散,提高分辨率.     

低耗散非结构网格多维限制器

基于极值原理分析非结构网格多维限制器的构造准则，通过引入约束位置和约束模板的定义，将非结构网格多维限制器构造方法统一化，并以此为基础提出一种新型非结构网格多维限制器.通过典型算例计算与已有限制器进行比较.结果表明：对于包含激波、接触间断等复杂波系干扰流动，新型多维限制器在保证数值稳定的条件下具有更低的数值耗散，对于复杂波系结构具有更高的流动分辨率.     

采用Power限制器的PNND和PWNND格式

为高精度捕捉激波等流场结构,引入一种Power限制器,对NND格式和WNND格式进行改进,分别得到二阶PNND(Power NND)格式和三阶PWNND(Power WNND)格式.该Power类型格式通过Power限制器对相邻待选模板上的一阶导数进行限制,改善了NND格式和WNND格式在间断附近的耗散效应.对各种格式的分析表明,在间断附近采用Power限制器的格式比原格式的表现要好,耗散小且捕捉间断精度高,其中PNND格式虽然只有二阶精度,但在所有算例中与三阶WNND格式的计算结果比较接近,在个别算例中甚至优于WNND格式.最后将PWNND格式应用到二维NACA0012翼型的强迫俯仰振动的数值模拟,计算结果与实验值、参考计算值吻合较好.     

守恒律方程组的大时间步长叠波格式

大时间步长叠波格式最初思想为LeVeque提出的大时间步长Godunov格式,通过叠加间断分解发出的强波来构造数值格式.原方法只给出了间断强波的穿越叠加方法,文章对其进行了完善,并推广到多维.针对膨胀波提出了一种网格单元分解法可以自动满足熵条件,避免出现非物理解.给出了格式的具体计算公式,并用单个守恒律方程、一维/多维Euler方程组进行了数值计算.计算结果表明,新格式除了可以采用大时间步长的优点外,在一定范围内随CFL数增加其耗散反而更低,因而对激波接触间断膨胀波的分辨率更高.     

混合通量差分格式的比较

系统研究了几种混合通量差分格式的构造方法和耗散模型,分别对低速平板绕流、二维跨音速喷管流动和高超音速钝头体无粘绕流进行了数值模拟,结合先进的EASM湍流模型对格式的粘性分辨率和激波稳定性进行了细致的比较分析.结果表明混合通量差分格式兼顾了FDS和FVS格式的优点,具有较高的间断分辨率和数值稳定性.     

一类新型激波捕捉格式的耗散性与稳定性分析

高超声速流动是高复杂性的可压缩黏性流动, 其中存在激波、剪切层、激波/激波干扰、激波/边界层干扰、旋涡与分离流动等复杂流场结构. 对其进行准确模拟需要使用低耗散、强鲁棒性的激波捕捉方法. 本文基于一类新型的通量项分裂方法, 提出了一种耗散低且鲁棒性好的激波捕捉格式K-CUSP-X. 对该格式的耗散性和激波稳定性进行了详细的理论分析, 得到了格式激波稳定的数值条件. 推论认为, 迎风格式激波稳定的充分条件为速度扰动量具有衰减性, 数值实验验证了该推论. 研究表明, 该格式与Toro提出的通量分裂格式K-CUSP-T相比, 在保证精确捕捉接触间断的同时, 又具有更好的稳定性, 在激波处不会产生“红玉”现象.     

High order weighted essentially non-oscillatory WENO-Z schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws

In [10], the authors have designed a new fifth order WENO finite-difference scheme by adding a higher order smoothness indicator which is obtained as a simple and inexpensive linear combination of the already existing low order smoothness indicators. Moreover, this new scheme, dubbed as WENO-Z, has a CPU cost which is equivalent to the one of the classical WENO-JS [2], and smaller than that of the mapped WENO-M, [5], since it involves no mapping of the nonlinear weights. In this article, we take a closer look at Taylor expansions of the Lagrangian polynomials of the WENO substencils and the related inherited symmetries of the classical lower order smoothness indicators to obtain a general formula for the higher order smoothness indicators that allows the extension of the WENO-Z scheme to all (odd) orders of accuracy. We further investigate the improved accuracy of the WENO-Z schemes at critical points of smooth solutions as well as their distinct numerical features as a result of the new sets of nonlinear weights and we show that regarding the numerical dissipation WENO-Z occupies an intermediary position between WENO-JS and WENO-M. Some standard numerical experiments such as the one dimensional Riemann initial values problems for the Euler equations and the Mach 3 shock density-wave interaction and the two dimensional double-Mach shock reflection problems are presented.     

An improved weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws

In this article we develop an improved version of the classical fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory finite difference scheme of [G.S. Jiang, C.W. Shu, Efficient implementation of weighted ENO schemes, J. Comput. Phys. 126 (1996) 202–228] (WENO-JS) for hyperbolic conservation laws. Through the novel use of a linear combination of the low order smoothness indicators already present in the framework of WENO-JS, a new smoothness indicator of higher order is devised and new non-oscillatory weights are built, providing a new WENO scheme (WENO-Z) with less dissipation and higher resolution than the classical WENO. This new scheme generates solutions that are sharp as the ones of the mapped WENO scheme (WENO-M) of Henrick et al. [A.K. Henrick, T.D. Aslam, J.M. Powers, Mapped weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes: achieving optimal order near critical points, J. Comput. Phys. 207 (2005) 542–567], however with a 25% reduction in CPU costs, since no mapping is necessary. We also provide a detailed analysis of the convergence of the WENO-Z scheme at critical points of smooth solutions and show that the solution enhancements of WENO-Z and WENO-M at problems with shocks comes from their ability to assign substantially larger weights to discontinuous stencils than the WENO-JS scheme, not from their superior order of convergence at critical points. Numerical solutions of the linear advection of discontinuous functions and nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws as the one dimensional Euler equations with Riemann initial value problems, the Mach 3 shock–density wave interaction and the blastwave problems are compared with the ones generated by the WENO-JS and WENO-M schemes. The good performance of the WENO-Z scheme is also demonstrated in the simulation of two dimensional problems as the shock–vortex interaction and a Mach 4.46 Richtmyer–Meshkov Instability (RMI) modeled via the two dimensional Euler equations.     

Assessing the Performance of a Three Dimensional Hybrid Central-WENO Finite Difference Scheme with Computation of a Sonic Injector in Supersonic Cross Flow

A hybridization of a high order WENO-Z finite difference scheme and a high order central finite difference method for computation of the two-dimensional Euler equations first presented in [B. Costa and W. S. Don, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 204(2) (2007)] is extended to three-dimensions and for parallel computation. The Hybrid scheme switches dynamically from a WENO-Z scheme to a central scheme at any grid location and time instance if the flow is sufficiently smooth and vice versa if the flow is exhibiting sharp shock-type phenomena. The smoothness of the flow is determined by a high order multi-resolution analysis. The method is tested on a benchmark sonic flow injection in supersonic cross flow. Increase of the order of the method reduces the numerical dissipation of the underlying schemes, which is shown to improve the resolution of small dynamic vortical scales. Shocks are captured sharply in an essentially non-oscillatory manner via the high order shock-capturing WENO-Z scheme. Computations of the injector flow with a WENO-Z scheme only and with the Hybrid scheme are in very close agreement. Thirty percent of grid points require a computationally expensive WENO-Z scheme for high-resolution capturing of shocks, whereas the remainder of grid points may be solved with the computationally more affordable central scheme. The computational cost of the Hybrid scheme can be up to a factor of one and a half lower as compared to computations with a WENO-Z scheme only for the sonic injector benchmark.     

A high-order WENO-Z finite difference based particle-source-in-cell method for computation of particle-laden flows with shocks

A high-order particle-source-in-cell (PSIC) algorithm is presented for the computation of the interaction between shocks, small scale structures, and liquid and/or solid particles in high-speed engineering applications. The improved high-order finite difference weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO-Z) method for solution of the hyperbolic conservation laws that govern the shocked carrier gas flow, lies at the heart of the algorithm. Finite sized particles are modeled as points and are traced in the Lagrangian frame. The physical coupling of particles in the Lagrangian frame and the gas in the Eulerian frame through momentum and energy exchange, is numerically treated through high-order interpolation and weighing. The centered high-order interpolation of the fluid properties to the particle location is shown to lead to numerical instability in shocked flow. An essentially non-oscillatory interpolation (ENO) scheme is devised for the coupling that improves stability. The ENO based algorithm is shown to be numerically stable and to accurately capture shocks, small flow features and particle dispersion. Both the carrier gas and the particles are updated in time without splitting with a third-order Runge–Kutta TVD method. One and two-dimensional computations of a shock moving into a particle cloud demonstrates the characteristics of the WENO-Z based PSIC method (PSIC/WENO-Z). The PSIC/WENO-Z computations are not only in excellent agreement with the numerical simulations with a third-order Rusanov based PSIC and physical experiments in [V. Boiko, V.P. Kiselev, S.P. Kiselev, A. Papyrin, S. Poplavsky, V. Fomin, Shock wave interaction with a cloud of particles, Shock Waves, 7 (1997) 275–285], but also show a significant improvement in the resolution of small scale structures. In two-dimensional simulations of the Mach 3 shock moving into forty thousand bronze particles arranged in the shape of a rectangle, the long time accuracy of the high-order method is demonstrated. The fifth-order PSIC/WENO-Z method with the fifth-order ENO interpolation scheme improves the small scale structure resolution over the third-order PSIC/WENO-Z method with a second-order central interpolation scheme. Preliminary analysis of the particle interaction with the flow structures shows that sharp particle material arms form on the side of the rectangular shape. The arms initially shield the particles from the accelerated flow behind the shock. A reflected compression wave, however, reshocks the particle arm from the shielded area and mixes the particles.     

一、二维弹塑性流体动力学数值计算的高精度新自由面格式

提出了适用于X射线或电子束辐照、爆炸和高速碰撞等问题的一、二维弹塑性流体动力学数值模拟计算的一种新自由面格式。对于X射线及电子束辐照材料与结构的热-力学效应的数值计算结果表明,该新自由面格式明显优于目前一直沿用的Richtmyer格式。从理论上证明了该新自由面格式具有三阶精度,而Richtmyer格式为一阶精度。     

多车种LWR交通流模型的半离散中心迎风格式

对多车种LWR交通流模型,给出一种半离散中心迎风格式,该格式以五阶WENO-Z重构和半离散中心迎风数值通量为基础.WENO-Z重构方法的引入提高了格式的精度,并保证格式具有基本无振荡的性质.时间的离散采用保持强稳定性的Runge-Kutta方法.通过数值算例验证了格式的有效性.     

磁化尘埃等离子体中的冲击波及其横向扰动稳定性

利用双曲函数法得到ZKB方程的一组冲击波解,并对波在横向扰动下的动力学稳定性进行研究.对冲击波解进行线性稳定性分析,并构造高精度的有限差分格式求解所得本征值问题.结果表明：对于正耗散的情形,该冲击波在线性意义下稳定;对于负耗散情形,该冲击波在线性意义下不稳定.构造有限差分格式对受扰动的冲击波进行非线性动力学演化,结果表明：对于正耗散的情况,该冲击波是稳定的.     

拉格朗日方法中减小非物理熵增的方法

为了减少Godunov方法在计算等熵流动问题时的非物理现象, 研究单元中心型拉格朗日方法的离散熵增问题。通过对传统数值方法进行压力修正, 提出一种基于完全离散熵不等式的通量修正方法。数值实验表明: 改进后的通量算法在计算包含膨胀波的问题时能够有效地减少原拉格朗日方法的非物理误差。