电子束诱导单壁碳纳米管不稳定的新观察

利用透射电镜在室温下对不同形态的单壁碳纳米管进行了原位电子束辐照研究.研究发现:在相同的辐照条件下随着辐照时间(或辐照剂量)的增加,两端固定的单壁碳纳米管径向收缩,且收缩速率越来越快;相同直径的轴向弯曲的单壁碳纳米管比平直的单壁碳纳米管更加不稳定;一端固定另端自由的单壁碳纳米管轴向收缩,但其直径基本不变.利用单壁碳纳米管纳米曲率效应和能量束诱导非热激活效应,对上述单壁碳纳米管不稳定性现象进行了新的、合理的解释.     

单壁碳纳米管膜及其三聚氰胺甲醛树脂复合材料的光电特性

单壁碳纳米管能够强烈吸收光线,尤其是在近红外区域,并能将光能转换成热能.同时,单壁碳纳米管还具有相当大的将热能转换成电能的能力.通过真空过滤方法,将由化学气相沉积生成的单壁碳纳米管阵列制备成单壁碳纳米管膜.根据研究的需要设计了一个简单的单壁碳纳米管膜光伏性质测试实验装置,并在其两端成功地实现了由红外光转换为电压输出.通过功能化步骤,制备了单壁碳纳米管/三聚氰胺甲醛树脂复合材料膜,实验结果表明该复合材料能产生符号相反的输出电压.这预示着单壁碳纳米管及其三聚氰胺甲醛树脂复合材料在光电领域具有良好的应用前景.     

碳纳米管在银基底上的表面增强拉曼散射光谱研究(英文)

介绍了一种单壁碳纳米管表面增强拉曼散射的新方法。依据碳纳米管独特的力学性能,在银表面直接研磨单壁碳纳米管,在形成纳米级粗糙银表面的同时,单壁碳纳米管也吸附在银表面上。在银表面粗糙程度和单壁碳纳米管厚度适中的区域得到了高质量的单壁碳纳米管SERS谱。该方法消除了溶剂的干扰,保证了结果的准确性,理论分析和实验结果表明该方法是正确的、可行的     

单壁碳纳米管吸附对三联苯的研究

利用对三联苯对单壁碳纳米管进行了化学修饰,并利用透射电镜、紫外可见吸收光谱、拉曼光谱对修饰后的单壁碳纳米管进行了表征分析.通过对比吸附前后的紫外可见吸收光谱发现,吸附后的光谱强度大约下降63.1%,说明单壁碳纳米管吸附上了对三联苯.通过拉曼光谱分析发现,吸附后单壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱中主要峰的位置向长波方向移动了6～7 cm-1,认为拉曼光谱发生移动的原因是单壁碳纳米管吸附对三联苯前后状态的改变导致的.     

单壁碳纳米管能带及其电子特性研究

从能带理论出发,采用电子紧束缚能量色散关系,推导锯齿,扶手椅和手性单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)的电子能带结构表达式,指出单壁碳纳米管或为金属或为半导体的判据。结果表示:单壁碳纳米管的电子结构与其几何结构密切相关,如扶手椅型单壁碳纳米管是金属性的,而对其它类型的单壁碳纳米管是与碳纳米管的手性指数有关,只有手性指数n和m的差别等于3的倍数时,单壁碳纳米管是金属性的,否则会显出有带隙的半导体特性。这意味着单壁碳纳米管是由特殊的电子传输和光学性质,在纳米电子学领域具有巨大的潜在应用价值。     

以Y/Ni为催化剂制备的单壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱研究

采用电弧放电法以Y/Ni为催化制备了单壁碳纳米管（SWNTs），对样品进行了扫描电镜、透射电镜和拉曼光谱的研究。所制备的样品中单壁碳纳米管的含量较高。对单壁碳纳米管的共振拉曼散射增强效应进行了观察，随激光波长的不同，单壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱也随之变化，尤其是低频区径向呼吸模的变化比较明显。利用布里渊区折叠法计算了单壁碳纳米管的电子态密度曲线，根据SWNTs电子态密度尖峰之间的能量差、管子的直径和呼吸模频率建立了一个图表，并对SWNTs的呼吸模进行了归属。分析结果表明：样品中单壁碳纳米管的直径分布在0.79-1.76nm范围，金属管和半导体管均存在，并且直径在1.45nm附近的碳管居多。     

单壁碳纳米管声子谱及比热计算

利用卷曲法计算了有限长单壁碳纳米管的声子色散关系．讨论了单壁碳纳米管的比热随管径、温度的变化趋势．结果表明碳管的比热随温度、管径的增大而增大,并逐渐趋于一恒定数值．根据色散关系的计算结果,给出了有限长（5,5）型单壁碳纳米管的振动模式以及部分振动模式的频率随长度的变化关系． 关键词： 碳纳米管 声子 比热     

单壁碳纳米管吸附酞菁类有机物的研究

利用苯氧基酞菁修饰单壁碳纳米管,并利用透射电子显微镜、紫外可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱以及拉曼光谱进行了表征分析.在透射电镜下观察到结合物呈现糖葫芦状,吸附后吸收光谱以及荧光光谱中峰的强度明显下降说明单壁碳纳米管吸附了大量的苯氧基酞菁,通过拉曼光谱发现吸附后单壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱中主要峰的位置向长波数方向移动,原因是单壁碳纳米管吸附苯氧基酞菁前后状态的改变导致的.     

单壁碳纳米管声子谱计算

本文对单壁碳纳米管的结构对称性进行分析,并对其晶格振动模对称性进行分类。计算单壁碳纳米管的声子谱,给出了直径在0.7～10.0nm范围内的碳纳米管的拉曼活性和红外活性振动模的频率。     

单壁碳纳米管的振动频率

将修正的分子结构力学方法(MMSMM)扩展用来分析单壁碳纳米管的动态特性. 应用MMSMM方法分析了悬臂单壁碳纳米管的振动特性，对计算得到的单壁碳纳米管振动的基频进行了讨论. 发现单壁碳纳米管振动的基频与碳管的直径和长度有关，呈现出一定的尺度依赖性，当管径很小的时候，单壁碳纳米管的振动基频可以达到GHz.并尝试用有限元方法模拟碳管的振动问题. 两种方法得到的结果表明，在常用的原子模拟方法(如分子动力学方法)解决碳纳米管振动问题遇到困难时，通过扩展修正可以简单的处理这类问题，并可以保持很好的精度.     

Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes

The use of Raman spectroscopy to reveal the remarkable structure and the unusual electronic and phonon properties of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is reviewed comprehensively. The various types of Raman scattering processes relevant to carbon nanotubes are reviewed, and the theoretical foundations for these topics are presented. The most common experimental techniques used to probe carbon nanotubes are summarized, followed by a review of the novel experimental findings for each of the features in the first order and second order Raman spectra for single wall carbon nanotubes. These results are presented and discussed in connection with theoretical considerations. Raman spectra for bundles of SWNTs, for SWNTs surrounded by various common wrapping agents, and for isolated SWNTs at the single nanotube level are reviewed. Some of the current research challenges facing the field are briefly summarized.     

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering studies of carbon nanotubes using Ag‐core Au‐shell nanoparticles

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering from carbon nanotube bundles adsorbed with plasmon‐tunable Ag‐core Au‐shell nanoparticles (Ag@Au nps) was carried out for the first time. By utilizing nanoparticles whose plasmon resonance peak (541, 642 nm) closely matches the commonly used Raman excitation sources (532, 632.81 nm), we can observe a large enhancement in the Raman signatures of carbon nanotubes. We obtain greater enhancement in the Raman signal for the above case when compared to nanotubes adsorbed with conventional Ag, Au or other ‘off resonant’ Ag@Au nps. The power‐dependent SERS experiment on single‐walled nanotubes (SWNTs) with resonant Ag@Au nps reveals a linear behavior between the G‐band intensity and the photon flux density, which is in agreement with the vibrational pumping model of SERS. The observed enhancement by resonance matching is pronounced for carbon nanotubes and may lead to insights into understanding nanotube–nanoparticle interaction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dielectric response of aligned semiconducting single-wall nanotubes

We report measurements of the full intrinsic optical anisotropy of isolated single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). By combining absorption spectroscopy with transmission ellipsometry and polarization-dependent resonant Raman scattering, we obtain the real and imaginary parts of the SWNT permittivity from aligned semiconducting SWNTs dispersed in stretched polymer films. Our results are in agreement with theoretical predictions, highlighting the limited polarizability of excitons in a quasi-1D system.     

Surface growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes from ruthenium nanoparticles

In this paper, we report that ruthenium is an active and efficient catalyst for growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process for the first time. High density random and horizontally superlong well-oriented SWNTs on substrate can be fabricated via CH₄ or EtOH as carbon source under suitable conditions. Scanning and transition electron microscopy investigations, Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements show the tubular structure, the high crystallinity, and the properties of the grown nanotubes. The results show that the SWNTs from ruthenium have better structural uniformity with less defects and provides an alternative catalyst for SWNTs growth. The successful growth of SWNTs by Ru catalyst provides new experimental information for understanding the growth mechanism of SWNTs, which may be helpful for their controllable synthesis.     

Donor doping of single-walled carbon nanotubes by filling of channels with silver

The channels of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are filled with metallic silver. The synthesized nanocomposites are studied by Raman spectroscopy and optical absorption spectroscopy, and these data indicate a substantial modification of the electronic structure of the nanotubes upon their filling. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the incorporation of the metal leads to a change in the work function of SWNTs due to the Fermi level upshift and to the transfer of an electron density from inserted nanoparticles to the nanotube walls. Thus, the filling of the channels with silver results in donor doping of the nanotubes.     

Resonant Raman scattering of the smallest single-walled carbon nanotubes

We report optical properties of the smallest single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with a diameter of only 3 A. These ultrasmall SWNTs are fabricated in the elliptical nanochannels of an AlPO-11 (AEL) single crystal. Polarized and resonant Raman scattering unambiguously revealed that these 0.3 nm SWNTs are of (2,2) armchair symmetry. Interestingly, the (2,2) armchair tube has two metastable ground states corresponding to two slightly different lattice constants in the axial direction: one state is metallic and the other is semiconducting.     

Quality of horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes: Is methane as carbon source better than ethanol?

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was studied using two representative carbon source sources: ethanol and methane. The resulting SWNTs were compared for similar reaction conditions which were based on the formation of Ni metal nanoparticles selective electrochemical deposition (SED) on the defect sites of SWNTs. The products were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and SEM. The results demonstrate that methane was much better carbon source for growing high quality horizontal alignment of SWNTs than ethanol due to the etching effects of OH radicals on the SWNTs.     

Raman spectral features of longer polyynes HC2 nH ({\sf n=4}–8) in SWNTs

Size-selected linear hydrocarbon molecules, polyynes HC_2nH, were contacted in solutions with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) prepared from laser-ablated metal/carbon composite rods (Rh/Pt/C) to produce polyyne-encapsulating SWNTs, HC_2nH@SWNT(RhPt). New Raman spectral features were observed at 2120, 2061, 2017, 1982, and 1963 cm^-1 for five polyynes of n=4–8, respectively, and identified as the vibrational excitation of symmetric stretching modes of the molecules inside the SWNTs. The Raman spectra were compared with those observed for polyynes on Ag islands (SERS) and in solutions. The filling factor was investigated from the concentration dependence of the Raman intensity for HC₁₀H@SWNT(NiCo) to give an estimate of one polyyne molecule per ~350 carbon atoms of SWNTs, providing a picture for head-to-tale filling of aligned C₁₀H₂ molecules inside the SWNTs.     

单壁碳纳米管束针尖增强近场拉曼光谱探测实验研究

针尖增强近场拉曼光谱术是最近发展起来的光谱技术。金属探针在获得样品纳米局域表面形貌的同时,受激光激发,在针尖附近产生增强电磁场,得到与形貌位置精确对应的针尖增强局域拉曼光谱,形貌和光谱的结合实现了纳米局域的光谱指认。文章建立了一套针尖增强近场拉曼光谱测量装置,并用此装置对电弧法合成的单壁碳纳米管进行了近场拉曼光谱探测。测量了直径为100 nm单壁碳纳米管束的针尖增强拉曼光谱,进一步得到至多3根单壁碳纳米管的近场拉曼光谱,实现了超衍射分辨光谱探测。通过与远场拉曼光谱比较发现,针尖增强近场拉曼光谱的增强因子大于230倍。实验证明,同时具有超衍射空间分辨和拉曼光谱信号增强能力的针尖增强近场拉曼光谱术将是纳米材料和纳米结构表征的一种重要方法。     

Determination of the exciton binding energy in single-walled carbon nanotubes

We report that measurements of the Raman intensity versus applied voltage are sensitive to filling of the density of states and enable us to measure the second band gap in specific semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Raman scattering preferentially selects sets of SWNTs whose excitonic transitions are resonant with the incident or scattered photon energies. Simultaneous measurement of the electronic gap and exciton resonance allows us to infer binding energies for the exciton of 0.49+/-0.05 and 0.62+/-0.05 eV for tubes of (10, 3) and (7, 5), respectively. Metallic SWNTs exhibit no excitonic feature.