傅里叶变换轮廓术中滤波窗方位选择研究

在傅里叶变换轮廓术频域滤波过程中通常采用不对称的汉宁窗滤波窗来提取基频信号,当投影呈二维变化的光栅条纹时,采用的滤波窗长短轴方向和载频方向不吻合,会导致被测物体的部分高频信息丢失,从而影响相位展开的难易程度和系统测量的精度。分析比较物体高度的分布与频谱的关系,通过旋转滤波窗使其短轴方向与载频方向一致,可以保留物体的高频信息,降低相位展开的复杂度,提高测量的精确度。计算机模拟和实物实验结果表明滤波窗旋转滤波可以避免相位展开在物体高度突变处的出错,有效地提高测量精度。     

基于双频彩色条纹投影的相位测量去包裹方法

为了提高测量速度,提出一种基于双频彩色条纹投影的相位测量去包裹方法,只需采集一帧图像,就能实现高速测量以及动态物体轮廓测量中的相位去包裹。论述了双频相位测量和变精度去包裹原理,并详细分析影响测量精度的因素。该方法采用计算机生成一帧双频双色正弦条纹图,用液晶数字投影仪投影,并用傅里叶变换的方法对两个单色条纹图进行分析,获得高低两种精度的被测物体高度信息,从而进行变精度去包裹处理。结果表明,利用该方法提高了测量速度,可得到较高的去包裹精度,其测量最大绝对误差为 1．413～-1．582 mm,标准差为0．363 mm。     

有损压缩JPEG在载频条纹图分析中的应用研究

探讨了基于JPEG的有损压缩方法在载频条纹图分析中的应用前景。简介了当今流行的JPEG有损压缩技术和傅里叶变换轮廓术。使用专业软件对傅里叶变换轮廓术中拍摄的载频条纹图进行各种压缩比的压缩,解压后再解调出相位,与未经压缩的原图解调出的相位进行比较。将其相位误差与相位移法解调出的相位误差进行了对比,指出相对于相位移法而言,傅里叶变换轮廓术具有滤波的作用,对其拍摄的载频条纹图,应用JPEG压缩算法是可能的,解调出来的相位误差更小。     

嵌入式三维数字成像系统

提出一种基于数字信号处理器(DSP)的嵌入式三维数字成像系统设计方案。该方案的硬件平台由条纹投影模块、数据采集模块、条纹自动分析模块及储存器等其他辅助电路组成。条纹投影模块将DSP输出的正弦光栅条纹, 经视频编码后用DLP投射到物体表面; 数据采集模块通过CCD相机采集被物体表面三维信息调制后的变形条纹图, 并进行视频解码; 条纹自动分析模块中利用相移算法计算折叠相位, 再结合相位展开算法求绝对相位分布。系统软件采用多线程技术并行控制三个模块。在相位解调过程中以软件流水线为主综合运用了循环展开、数据预取和内联函数等多种方法优化解调程序。实验结果表明, 该系统可以高速、准确地实现三维轮廓测量,优化后相位展开程序速度是优化前的7倍。     

基于彩色光栅投影的快速三维测量方法

 针对条纹投影术提取物体高度信息的问题,提出了一种新的基于彩色光栅投影的三维测量方法。对选取G分量为255,R,B分量各取0或255而组成的青、白、黄、绿四色遵循格雷码原理进行编码,然后将G分量作正弦调制形成投影光栅投向被测物体。提取采集到的光栅变形图中G分量,利用傅里叶变换方法得到其初始相位;同时对采集到图像中的R,B分量作阈值迭代分割而G分量自动赋值为255,综合三分量信息得到条纹颜色信息进而获取条纹的周期信息,从而展开相位。全过程仅需投影一幅彩色光栅图就能完成三维测量,实验结果表明该算法易于实现,在测量实时性和精确性上表现良好。     

一种无需滤波的复合光栅投影的在线三维测量方法

针对流水线上在线运动的刚性物体,投影复合光栅可以解决像素匹配和相位展开对条纹频率不同需求的矛盾,但在相位计算时,需对复合光栅进行滤波,该过程会降低重构精度。基于Stoilov算法,提出一种无需滤波的复合光栅投影的在线三维测量方法,设计复合条纹使低频条纹相移方向与被测物体的运动方向平行,像素匹配后被测物体的运动被转化为低频条纹的相移;高频条纹相移方向与被测物体运动方向垂直,像素匹配后各帧变形条纹图中高频条纹的光强分布完全一致,可直接进行相位计算,避开了因滤波造成的精度损失。同时在复合光栅中高频条纹的强度远低于低频条纹,故可将其看作微弱的背景光,保证了在线三维测量的精度。通过仿真与实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

级数相位去包裹方法

提出了一个简单的相位去包裹方法－－条纹的极数相位去包裹算法,将其用来恢复物体的真实相位。与传统的条纹相位去包裹方法相比较,该方法能够消除光载频、物体边缘、阴影和盲点的影响。理论分析和实验结果证明该方法适用于条纹空间相位测量方法解调的包裹相位。     

基于几何约束的自适应相位解包裹算法

提出一种通过相机和投影仪的空间几何约束来展开相位包裹的方法,只需要对结构光投影测量系统进行标定,不需要进行传统的时间或空间相位展开.通过投影单周期条纹得到物体的大致高度信息以确定虚拟深度平面,在虚拟平面z0min处,根据结构光系统的标定参数创建最小绝对相位图,物体的包裹相位逐像素与进行比较,即确定条纹级数,实现相位解包裹.该方法具有良好的鲁棒性,对硬件要求低,采集图像少并且不需要额外的物体来获得z0min,能够实现自适应动态测量.实验结果表明,在同等条件下,与传统时间相位展开方法相比,该方法的相对误差降低了14.33%,同时简化了测量方法,能够有效实现物体的三维形貌测量.     

二帧变换光源阴影莫尔技术研究

为了快速测量物体表面三维轮廓,提出一种变换光源位置的相移阴影莫尔技术.该方法通过控制两个光源的亮灭,将相移引入测量视场.使用二维经验模式分解法对条纹图进行正则化,结合螺旋相位变换方法和二帧相移算法对测量高度进行估计,利用发展的迭代自调算法提取精确测量相位.计算机仿真和光学实验结果表明,该方法的解调准确度优于现有的二帧相移解调算法,同时,由于消除了测量过程中必要的机械运动,只需要二帧条纹图进行相位解调,节约了测量时间.     

小波变换轮廓术在双频光栅条纹中的应用

为了解决非连续物体三维面形测量中所存在的非连续相位解包问题,采用计算机生成的两频率之比为一无理数的电子光栅作为空间载频光栅条纹投影到待测物体表面。另外结合伽博小波变换分析的相位解调原理,在一幅变形双频光栅图像中分析得到两个频率各自所对应的包络相位分布,并且应用钟金钢等所提出的双频条纹查表法进行解包得到确定的调制相位分布。提出的双频光栅-小波变换-查表相位解包法很好地解决了傅里叶变换轮廓术,以及连续相位解包法在非连续物体三维面形测量中所存在的问题。给出了详细完整的理论推导过程、计算机模拟以及实验验证,证实了该方法的可行性。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.