浅淡多普勒效应

列车进站时，我们听到汽笛声不仅越来越大，而且音调变高；列车离去时，汽笛声不仅越来越小，而且音调变低．反之，若声源未动而观察者运动，或者声源和观察者同时在相对运动，也会发生观测频率与波源频率不一致的现象．由于波源或观察者的运动而出现观测频率与波     

对多普勒效应中几个问题的探讨

利用多普勒效应公式推证了迎面驶来的列车音调并非越来越高及多普勒效应不能相互抵消;探讨了多普勒效应成立的条件和公式的适应性,并阐述了机械波不存在横向多普勒效应.     

早晚的太阳真特别大吗?

“早晚的太阳特别大”这一问题的准确提法是：当太阳的地平高度（简称高度）小的时候比高度大的时候，显得特别大．实际上，对于月亮以至星座都有相同感觉．而且，这种感觉上的大小差异不是百分之多少而是好几倍，所以很容易察觉．下面我们就来分析一下产生这种感觉的原因．     

人耳对信号频率瞬时变化的听觉响应研究

从探讨人耳在噪声背景中听测具有复杂时间-频率结构的主动声呐信号的模型出发,研究了人耳对信号频率发生短时间变化的听觉敏感性.根据在850—1130Hz频段内的测量结果,得出了人耳听觉对频率变化响应的模糊区域由τ△F=1—2决定,这里τ是频率发生变化的时间间隔,△F为频率变化的差值.当τ△F≤1时,人耳感觉不到频率短时间的变化;当τ△F≥2时,人耳不仅能明显分辨频率发生过短时间的变化,而且能对两个频率有不同的音调感觉。     

敲击水杯音调变化的实验研究

敲击装水的杯子时音调会发生变化,装水量的多少与音调变化之间的关系已有说明和讨论,但是在对其原因的分析却存在分歧.本文利用虚拟仪器,通过一系列实验,应用具体数据进行了定性分析.实验表明敲击杯口和杯壁,音调变化不同;敲击杯壁不同位置,音调不变.笔者发现从实证的角度得出的结论与以往观点不能完全吻合,从而尝试从杯子的横向、纵向振动、液体的黏滞性对杯子振动的影响等方面来进行解释.     

汽车前挡风玻璃减速的奥秘

汽车是最为常用的交通工具之一。当我们坐在行驶的汽车内观察车窗外地面上的物体时,常常会发现从车的侧面车窗观察到的物体的运动速度要比从前车窗观察同一个物体的运动速度要快,于是许多人都认为汽车的前挡风玻璃具有减速的作用,许多司机们在比较车的性能时也往往将车前挡风玻璃的减速效应列为重要的一项。汽车前挡风玻璃真能“减速”吗？查阅了大量国内外相关资料后的结论是“减速玻璃”目前尚未面世。“减速玻璃”既然不存在,为什么从行驶汽车的前挡风玻璃观看外界物体会感觉其移动速度要比从汽车的侧面玻璃观察外界物体移动速度要慢很多呢？本文从物理学角度对这一问题进行分析。     

物体的颜色

你知道物体的颜色是怎样产生的吗？ 物体的颜色分为彩色和非彩色两大类．非彩色是指白色、浅灰、中灰、深灰和黑色等一系列中性色．它反映了物体反射率的大小,在视觉上表现为亮度的变化．纯白是理想的完全反射体,反射率为１;纯黑是理想的无反射体,反射率为０．彩色是指自黑系列以外的各种颜色．彩色的基本特性常用亮度。色调和饱和度来表征,称之为彩色的三要素．亮度是光作用于人眼明亮程度的感觉．亮度与彩色光的强弱和波长有关．色调表示彩色的种类,是人眼看到一种或多种波长的光时所产生的彩色感觉．单色光的色调决定于光的频率,…     

谈失重状态和宇宙航行员的漂行

当汽车以很快的速度驶过一座拱形桥的时候,乘客一定会发生一种特殊的感觉。这样的感觉也同样会发生在乘电梯下降的一瞬时,这是由于失重状态所引起的。我们长期生活在引力強度不变,约为g=980达因/克(或厘米/秒~2)的空间里。由于重力是一种体积力,它与质量成比例地分布在我们人体的各部组织里,因此我们人体的生理机能已习惯于忍受这样強     

重复短声的音调辨别阈与信号时程的关系

当重复频率为250,500或1000赫的重复短声信号的时程短于T时,重复短声的音调辨别閾△f_r与信号时程t的平方根成反比,即△f_r=C(T/t)~(1/2).当信号时程长于T时,重复短声的音调辨别閾即恒定在最低的水平,即△f_r=C.T是信息积累的极限时间,较为恒定,约为140毫秒.C为音调辨别閾的最低水平,其大小随受试者的不同及重复短声重复频率的不同而变化.     

消除思维定势不良影响的几种方法

所谓"思维定势"，是指人们利用先有的知识、经验，带着某种既定的"框架模式"去认识新事物，解决新问题时所表现出的思维态势，即人们常说的"惯性思维"．在教学过程中，也会发现这种思维定势对学生学习新知识、解决新问题有着不可低估的不良影响．本文就克服思维定势的不良影响提出几种方法．且形成稳固的、正确的思维定势就思维定势本身来讲是很难克服的．也就是说，学生在学习新知识、解决新问题的时候，不可避免地要受到思维定势的影响，这就象我们乘坐汽车时要不可避免地随着汽车的上下颠簸而"前仰后合"一样．教学中就可利用这一特点．在…     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...