面向窄线宽超导纳米线单光子探测器的电子束曝光技术

超导纳米线单光子探测器是新型超导电子器件,因其具有高探测效率、低暗计数及低时间抖动等优势,在量子信息、激光雷达等方面已得到广泛的应用.目前主流超导纳米线单光子探测器主要工作在1.5_m 以下的可见光和近红外波段.中红外波长的红外探测技术在基础科学、医学、日常生活以及军事等广泛领域发挥着重要作用,中红外单光子探测器可以使得中红外波段探测技术进入量子极限灵敏度.根据超导纳米线单光子探测器探测机理,超窄线宽的纳米线条可以提升超导纳米线单光子探测器在中红外波长的灵敏度.电子束曝光技术是目前实现超导纳米线单光子探测器纳米线线条加工的主流技术,电子束抗蚀剂种类繁多,面向超窄线宽超导纳米线单光子探测器器件的制备需求,对两款抗蚀剂进行性能测试表征,和窄纳米线制备尝试.根据负性电子束抗蚀剂MaN-2401在制备窄线宽时的显著优点,优化工艺,利用其成功制备出50nm 线宽超导纳米线单光子探测器并成功实现了2000nm 的单光子响应.     

一维Al/SrF2低温超导体-电介质光子晶体能带结构

基于二流体电子模型和平面波展开法,计算了一维Al/SrF2超导体-电介质光子晶体的能带结构.结果表明:随着超导层厚度的增加,第一光子带隙中心频率和截止频率均发生蓝移,且第一带隙宽度逐渐增加到一个峰值后又逐渐变窄.更重要的是,在低于临界温度的超低温环境中,温度的微小变化,对该类光子晶体的带隙宽度、中心频率以及截止频率均有...     

Ba-Y-Cu-O的超导临界温度随压力变化的理论解释

采用Anderson晶格哈密顿量,根据文献[6]提出的非电-声子超导机制理论,解释了Ba-Y-Cu-O的超导临界温度随压力的变化。 关键词：     

缺陷调控临界温度梯度超导膜的磁通整流反转效应

超导涡旋运动引起的棘齿效应可以广泛应用于磁通泵、整流器和超导开关等装置.金兹堡-朗道理论是研究超导磁通涡旋问题强有力的工具和手段.本文采用有限差分法数值求解时间相关的金兹堡-朗道方程,利用快速傅里叶变换方法求解耦合的热传导方程,数值模拟了临界温度梯度超导薄膜磁通涡旋动力学行为,提出了一种新的调节超导整流效应的方式,并研究了临界温度梯度大小和缺陷位置对超导整流电压反转现象的影响规律.由于超导边界势垒和缺陷吸引势对磁通涡旋的共同作用,当缺陷位置偏向临界温度较高的一侧或者临界温度梯度较小时有利于观察到整流电压随交流幅值增大发生的反转现象.     

含特异材料一维超导光子晶体的带隙特性研究

利用传输矩阵法研究了含特异材料的一维超导光子晶体的带隙特性. 研究表明, 这类超导光子晶体同样具有由传统的电介质材料构成的超导光子晶体一样的低频带隙, 且在一定的参数下该低频带隙可以相当宽. 但在一定的结构参数下, 这类超导光子晶体同完全由传统的电介质构成的光子晶体一样不存在低频带隙. 还就超导光子晶体的偏振特性、光子晶体结构参数及环境温度的变化对光子带隙结构的影响进行了研究. 关键词： 超导光子晶体 传输矩阵法 特异材料 光子带隙     

编者按

在举世瞩目、万众关注的世界超导体研究热潮中,我国科学工作者利用自己的实验条件、设备和材料研究出了一大批高临界温度氧化物超导体,从而揭开了多年来寻求提高超导临界温度的序幕。当前,研究高温超导体的竞争日趋激烈,我国科技人员在提高超导临界温度取得了可喜的成就,进入了国际超导研究先进行列。在物性、相构等方面的研究也取得很好的结果,令人振奋。     

超导单光子探测器件直流特性研究

超导单光子探测技术是基于超薄超导薄膜的非平衡态热电子效应的一种新型的单光子探测方法。超导单光子探测器(SNSPD)的计数率可达到GHz,时间抖动小于100ps,因而在未来量子通信系统中有着广阔的应用前景。介绍了NbN超导单光子探测器件的工作原理和器件超导性能测试系统;测试了超导单光子探测器件的电阻-温度、电流-电压等特性。并对测试结果进行了分析和讨论。     

温度对超导光子晶体光子能带的影响

建立了二维超导光子晶体的物理模型,在超导二流体模型并考虑原子作非简谐振动情况下,用平面波展开法求出超导光子晶体的光子能带满足的方程.以YBaCuO超导光子晶体为例,探讨温度对它的光子能带结构的影响.结果表明：二维超导光子晶体在低温时具有较宽的禁带,且禁带宽度随温度的升高而变小.     

温度对超导光子晶体光子能带的影响

建立了二维超导光子晶体的物理模型,在超导二流体模型并考虑原子作非简谐振动情况下,用平面波展开法求出超导光子晶体的光子能带满足的方程.以YBaCuO超导光子晶体为例,探讨温度对它的光子能带结构的影响.结果表明:二维超导光子晶体在低温时具有较宽的禁带,且禁带宽度随温度的升高而变小.     

B-1结构超导化合物的电荷转移模型

本文建立了适用于B-I结构超导化合物的电荷转移模型的关系式,根据此式对15种过渡金属碳、氮化合物的超导临界温度进行了计算.并进一步对NbN-NbC等准二元化合物的T_c-组分关系曲线做了分析、估算,定性上较合理地说明了曲线极值的存在,定量上也与实验曲线大致相符合.     

两能级原子与单模腔场共振耦合系统中热态纠缠现象

借助于共生纠缠度, 研究了旋转波和非旋转波近似下共振Jaynes-Cummings模型中二能级原子与单光子腔场的热态纠缠现象. 结果表明：该共振耦合系统中, 存在影响原子与单光子腔模纠缠的临界温度, 当环境温度高于这一温度时, 原子与腔场的纠缠特性消失. 若只考虑实光子跃迁, 这一临界温度仅与原子和腔场的耦合强度有关, 随耦合系数的增大而升高; 若将虚光场一并考虑, 只要实光子跃迁强度与虚光子跃迁强度不相等, 在一定的温度下能很好的保持原子与腔场的纠缠相干性, 当二者相等时, 即使在绝对零度下, 原子与腔场也难以形成纠缠形式.     

Fabrication of superconducting Nb N meander nanowires by nano-imprint lithography

Superconducting nanowire single photon detector(SNSPD), as a new type of superconducting single photon detector(SPD), has a broad application prospect in quantum communication and other fields. In order to prepare SNSPD with high performance, it is necessary to fabricate a large area of uniform meander nanowires, which is the core of the SNSPD. In this paper, we demonstrate a process of patterning ultra-thin Nb N films into meander-type nanowires by using the nanoimprint technology. In this process, a combination of hot embossing nano-imprint lithography(HE-NIL) and ultraviolet nano-imprint lithography(UV-NIL) is used to transfer the meander nanowire structure from the NIL Si hard mold to the Nb N film. We have successfully obtained a Nb N nanowire device with uniform line width. The critical temperature(Tc) of the superconducting Nb N meander nanowires is about 5 K and the critical current(Ic) is about 3.5 μA at 2.5 K.     

Single photon sources with single semiconductor quantum dots

In t.his contribution, we briefly recall the basic concepts of quantum optics and properties of semicon- ductor quantum clot. （QD） which a.re necessary to the nnderstanding of the physics of single-photon generation with single QDs. Firstly, we address the theory of quantmn emitter-cavity system, the fluorescence and optical properties of semiconductor QDs, and the photon statistics as well as opti- cal properties of the QDs. We then review the localizatioll of single semiconductor QDs in quantum confined optical microcavity systems to achieve their overall optical properties and perfornances in terms of strong coupling regime, elfieiency, directionality, and polarization control. Furthermore, we will discuss the recenl, progress on the fabrication of single photon sources, and various a.pproaehes for embedding single QDs into mieroca,vities or photonic crystal nanoeavities and show how to ex- tend the wavelength range. We focus in part;icular on new generations of electrically driven QD single photon source leading to high repetition rates, efficiencies at elevated temperature operation. Besides strong eoupling regime, and high collection new development;s of room temperature sin- gle photon emission in the strong coupling regime are reviewed. The generation of indistinguishable photons and remaining challenges for pract ical single-photon sources are also discussed.     

Micropillar resonator in a magnetic field: Zero and finite temperature cases

In this work, we present a theoretical study of a quantum dot–microcavity system which includes a constant magnetic field in the growth direction of the micropillar. First, we study the zero temperature case by means of a self-consistent procedure with a trial function composed of a coherent photon field and a BCS function for the electron–hole pairs. The dependence of the ground state energy on the magnetic field and the number of polaritons is found. We show that the magnetic field can be used as a control parameter for the photon number, and we make explicit the scaling of the total energy with the number of polaritons. Next, we study this problem at finite temperatures and obtain the scaling of the critical temperature with the number of polaritons.     

Physical Mechanism of Photon Pairing in a Kerr Nonlinear Medium

We establish that Cooper instability of the ground state of a normal blackbody triggers the attractive photons to form the pairs. We next find that however small the effective interphoton attraction V ₀ is, Cooper pairs of photon always exist in the ground state of a Kerr nonlinear blackbody. It has been pointed out that there are the three fundamental properties of the Cooper pair of photon: the extremely large binding energy, the extremely small radius, and the extremely high critical temperature. These properties are reflected in the many-photon bound state described by the optical superfluid theory.     

低温近场光学显微术对InGaN/GaN多量子阱电致发光温度特性的研究

使用实验室自制的低温近场光学显微镜研究了InGaN/GaN多量子阱发光二极管在室温和液氮 温度下的近场光学像和近场光谱，发现随着温度的降低，不仅近场光学像的光强起伏大大减 小，量子阱发光峰先蓝移后红移，而且在液氮温度下在光子能量更高的位置上出现了新的发 光峰.通过对实验结果的分析，我们将这个新出现的峰归结为p-GaN层中导带底-受主能级间 跃迁形成. 关键词： InGaN/GaN多量子阱 发光二极管 近场光学 低温     

Analysis of nonclassical behavior for a two-mode coupled-photon system

We consider a model two-mode coupled-photon system and verify that the photon distribution for this system is exactly super-Poissonian. We calculate the Glauber–Sudarshan diagonal P representation for both the individual photon subsystem and the complete photon–photon complex. We present the detailed analysis on the threshold temperature of the nonclassical behavior for the both cases. We discuss the effect of the interaction between two photons on the threshold temperature.     

Low‐frequency line temperatures of the CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background)

Based on SU(2) Yang‐Mills thermodynamics we interprete Aracde2's and the results of earlier radio‐surveys on low‐frequency cosmic microwave background (CMB) line temperatures as a phase‐boundary effect. We explain the excess at low frequencies by evanescent, nonthermal photon fields of the CMB whose intensity is nulled by that of Planck distributed calibrator photons. The CMB baseline temperature thus is identified with the critical temperature of the deconfining‐preconfining transition.     

压缩真空态光场中两能级原子的双光子荧光的反聚束效应

利用已得到的原子约化密度算符主方程，研究了两能级原子与宽带压缩真空态光场的双光子相互作用．通过求解双光子Bloch方程，利用量子回归定理，得到双光子荧光的二阶关联函数．在此基础上讨论了原子的双光子荧光的反聚束效应． 关键词：     

Smectic A-C-A Liquid Crystal Reentrance: A Photon Transmission Study

Ultraviolet/visible photon transmission measurements were applied to study liquid crystal phase transitions in the binary BOPDOB-BOPOOB mixture. A sequence exhibiting a new reentrant, namely isotropic-nematic-smectic A-C-A as temperature is lowered, is identified. For the smectic A-C transition, the critical exponent g is seen to cross over from the mean-field 0.501 - 0.008 to the helium-like 0.336 - 0.012 as the transition is approached. The reentrant C-A transition is first-order, signalling a tricritical point in the phase diagram.