北京同步辐射装置X射线漫散射实验站及准周期非晶多层膜的X射线非镜面散射研究

讨论了北京同步辐射装置的4W1C光束线和X射线漫散射实验站的技术特点.利用在漫散射实验站上获得的能量分辨率为4.4×10^－4、光斑大小为0.5mm(水平)×0.3mm(垂直)的聚焦单色X射线光束,研究了准周期非晶多层膜的X射线漫散射──非镜面散射.实验结果表明,准周期多层膜的漫散射强度分布在倒空间中与表面平行的条纹上并形成散射强度的调制.对散射强度调制进行的模拟计算得到相当满意的结果.     

小能量0.35μm激光—X射线转换研究

以小能量０．３５μｍ激光（＜１００Ｊ）辐照盘靶（Φ６００μｍ×４μｍ），用软Ｘ射线平响应探测器测量Ｘ射线角分布（ｄＥ／ｄΩ）和Ｘ射线转换效率（ηｘ）。ｄＥ／ｄΩ＝ａ＋ｂｃｏｓθ，与角无关。ηｘ随激光入射角增加而下降。按金盘、多层膜（０．１１μｍ）金盘和ＣＨ膜（０．４μｍ）金盘顺序，ηｘ依次下降。     

正入射Mo/B_4C软X射线多层膜

采用Ｍｏ／Ｂ４Ｃ材料在短波长波段（λ＜１０．０ｎｍ）进行软Ｘ射线多层膜实验研究。在指定波长（８．０ｎｍ附近）处对多层膜进行结构设计，并制备出了周期结构准确的Ｍｏ／Ｂ４Ｃ多层膜样品。     

金刚石（Ⅱa）光导X射线探测器

介绍一种新的软Ｘ射线探测器一天然金刚石（Ⅱａ型）光导探测器。金刚石光导探测器具有好的稳定性、对０．１～２．ＯｋｅＶＸ射线光谱具有平坦响应、暗流小（０．１ｎＡ）、对波长大于０；２２ｕｍ散射激光不灵敏等特点。应用这种探测器在“神光”装置打靶实验中测量Ｘ射线时，粗估灵敏度为３×１０￣（－４）Ｃ／Ｊ（偏压为１００Ｖ）．     

三角形弯晶单色器的分光及聚焦特性研究

北京同步辐射装置（ＢＳＲＦ）的４Ｗ１Ｃ光束线用斜切角为１２．１６°的三角形Ｓｉ（１１１）、Ｓｉ（２２０）和Ｓｉ（４２２）晶体在衍射角为２３．６５°时选择０．２５２ｎｍ、０．１５４ｎｍ和０．０８９ｎｍ波长的单色Ｘ光．三角形晶体压弯成柱面，可实现单色光水平方向的聚焦，为漫散射实验站提供聚焦的单色Ｘ光．解析计算和ＳＨＡＤＯＷ软件包进行追踪的结果与实验测试结果符合得很好．     

回火金属玻璃小角X射线散射强度的背底校正

提出校正回火金属玻璃（非晶合金）小角ｘ射线散射强度的背底误差的方法：将淬火态非晶合金的小角Ｘ射线散射强度作为在相同的实验条件下得到的回火非晶合金小角Ｘ射线散射强度的背底而予以扣除。并将这样扣除背底和用通常方法扣除背底得到的结果相比较，由前者得到的散射强度遵从Ｐｏｒｏｄ律，并进而得到Ｐｏｒｏｄ常数Ｋ_p＝４．６×１０^-2（ｎｍ^-3），积分不变量Q_s＝１．６３（ｎｍ^-2），比内表面Ｓ_p＝８４ｍ²／ｃｍ³，Ｐｏｒｏｄ半径Ｒ_p＝４．４ｎｍ用通常方法扣除背底后的散射强度不满足Ｐｏｒｏｄ规律。 关键词：     

金刚石（Ⅱa）光导X射线探测器

介绍一种新的软Ｘ射线探测器一天然金刚石（Ⅱａ型）光导探测器。金刚石光导探测器具有好的稳定性、对０．１～２．ＯｋｅＶＸ射线光谱具有平坦响应、暗流小（０．１ｎＡ）、对波长大于０；２２ｕｍ散射激光不灵敏等特点。应用这种探测器在“神光”装置打靶实验中测量Ｘ射线时，粗估灵敏度为３×１０￣（－４）Ｃ／Ｊ（偏压为１００Ｖ）．     

北京正负电子对撞机同步辐射实验室X射线形貌学实验站简介

北京正负电子对撞机同步辐射Ｘ射线形貌学实验站已经建成．本文介绍实验站概貌（包括光束性能，白光形貌相机及其计算机控制，多功能样品环境室和实时电视成像系统．四晶单色光相机）和首批实验结果．     

SrTiO3基片的晶体质量及表面粗糙结构的X射线研究

用X射线双晶衍射摇摆曲线以及双晶X射线形貌对两个SrTiO₃基片的单晶质量进行了对比研究，并用X射线掠入射镜面反射及漫散射研究了它们的表面粗糙结构．结果表明，两个SrTiO₃基片中都存在镶嵌缺陷，其中一个样品的晶体质量相对较高．两个样品的表面粗糙结构相差很大，包括均方根粗糙度σ和横向相关长度ξ．σ分别为（0.5±0.1）和（1.3±0.1）nm，ξ分别为（1200±200）和（300±20）nm．样品的表面粗糙将增加Ｘ射线的漫散射强度而降低镜面反射的强度．晶体质 关键词：     

正放射Mo／B4C软X射线多层膜

采用Ｍｏ／Ｂ４Ｃ材料在短波长波段进行软Ｘ射线多层膜实验研究。在指定波长处对多层膜进行结构设计，并制备出了周期结构的Ｍｏ／Ｂ４Ｃ多怪膜样品。     

爆炸物的X射线相干散射实验研究

采用同步辐射连续光谱的X射线(1.2-38.2KeV),对数种爆炸物(含铝黑色炸药、黑色炸药、黑索今、纯硝铵炸药、硝铵炸药和TNT)和非爆炸物(糖、奶粉、咖啡、纸等)进行了小角度的X射线散射实验,得到了上述几种爆炸物和非爆炸物的小角度相干散射谱. 从爆炸物的X射线散射谱中可以找到他们各自的特征衍射峰作为他们的"指纹",从而可以将爆炸物从非爆炸物中鉴别出来     

Small Angle X-Ray Scattering of Hematite Aggregates

Small angle X-ray scattering has been utilised to study the structure of hematite aggregates. The small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) spectra obtained provided insight into structure of the hematite aggregates and the size of the primary particles. The structural analysis results obtained by SAXS are consistent with previous results obtained from static light scattering studies. Both techniques indicate that the mass fractal dimensions of hematite aggregates are markedly higher than those obtained for other particle systems.     

软 X射线共振非弹性光散射及其应用

软 X射线共振非弹性光散射是近年来随着高亮度第三代同步辐射出现而发展起来的光散射光谱技术 ,可以用于对多原子构成的分子、凝聚态物质进行位置选择的价电子态结构的研究。与 X射线光电子能谱 ( XPS)或紫外光电子能谱 ( UPS)相比 ,这一光谱方法由于测量样品激发后产生的散射 X射线 ,因而不仅可以获得表面的原子分子信息 ,而且可以用于研究样品体内或掩埋薄层的原子分子。同时这一方法的共振特性使得其可以进行灵敏的元素选择测量。本文将介绍这一光散射光谱技术及其在原子分子物理、表面物理及凝聚态物理中的应用     

Lattice Dynamics and Inelastic Nuclear Resonant X-Ray Scattering

Measurement of thermal and elastic properties of materials, like phonon density of states, specific heat or speed of sound, by a new X-ray scattering technique is presented. Inelastic nuclear resonant scattering of X-rays produced from new electron storage rings, coupled with advances in high-energy-resolution crystal optics and fast detectors has enabled the development of a new method of analyzing the energy loss in a scattering process with a resolution of 10⁷ or better in the X-ray region of 6–30 keV. Some unique aspects like element (isotope) selectivity, the amount of material needed for analysis (nanograms) and physical size that X-rays can be focused (5 micrometer or better) favors this approach over more established techniques of neutron scattering, Mössbauer, and Raman spectroscopy. Applications to several unique cases (e.g., multilayers and high pressure) are discussed.     

Theory of Diffuse X-Ray Scattering from Surface Blisters

A theory of the diffuse X-ray scattering on randomly distributed surface blisters, which constitute a new type of defects, has been developed. An expression for the amplitude of diffuse X-ray scattering from surface blisters has been obtained within the model of a truncated spherical layer. Scattering intensity distribution maps from surface blisters have been numerically simulated. The effect of the elastic bending of reflecting planes of the lattice of surface blisters on the angular distribution of the scattering intensity in the reciprocal space has been revealed.     

Nonspecular X-Ray Scattering from a Planar Phospholipid Multilayer

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - Reflectometry and nonspecular (diffuse) X-ray scattering data are used to refine the structure parameters of planar multilayer films of saturated...     

基于汤姆逊散射的X射线光源的物理问题研究

针对汤姆逊散射X射线光源,推导了任意散射角下出射X射线的时间结构、产额,分析了位置和同步偏差、发射度、能散等非理想因素的影响.     

Vibrational Dynamics Studies by Nuclear Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering

Nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering of synchrotron radiation is being applied to ever widening areas ranging from geophysics to biophysics and materials science. Since its first demonstration in 1995 using the ⁵⁷Fe resonance, the technique has now been applied to materials containing ⁸³Kr, ¹⁵¹Eu, ¹¹⁹Sn, and ¹⁶¹Dy isotopes. The energy resolution has been reduced to under a millielectronvolt. This, in turn, has enabled new types of measurements like Debye velocity of sound, as well as the study of origins of non-Debye behavior in presence of other low-energy excitations. The effect of atomic disorder on phonon density of states has been studied in detail. The flux increase due to the improved X-ray sources, crystal monochromators, and time-resolved detectors has been exploited for reducing sample sizes to nano-gram levels, or using samples with dilute resonant nuclei like myoglobin, or even monolayers. Incorporation of micro-focusing optics to the existing experimental setup enables experiments under high pressure using diamond-anvil cells. In this article, we will review these developments. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Study on Nanostructures of Polyimide Films

Inorganic nanohybrid polyimide （PI） is widely applied in electrical and electronic devices for its outstanding insulating properties. Samples IOOCR and IOONH are made in Dupont. Among them, IOONH is a kind of pure PI films; however, IOOCR is a kind of inorganic nanohybrid PI films with excellent corona-resistance. The nanostructure of PI films is investigated with small-angle x-ray scattering technique and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The normalized volume fractions of the scatterers in the specimens are obtained with a tangent-by-tangent data analysis for the small-angle x-ray scattering data. The multi-hierarchical scatterers of IOONH can be divided into two dominant components, i.e., the sharp component and the wide component. The sharp component is corresponding to the contribution of PI molecular chains, and the wide component includes the aggregates formed by PI molecular chains and the film has nested dual-fractal characteristics, nevertheless the IOOCR film possesses three types of scale scattering made up of inorganic nanoparticles, molecular chains and aggregates. The present films have multi-fractal structures. The distribution and structure of scattering body of two kinds of PI films are analyzed. The results of SAXS agree well with those of TEM methods.