卟啉基非金属纳米片用于可见光光催化制氢（英文）

本文基于密度泛函理论预测了一种用于可见光范围光催化制氢的新型二维非金属纳米材料,该材料可以由HTAP分子脱氢聚合得到,具有良好的结构稳定性,且带隙为2.12 eV,可以实现可见光区域的光捕获.材料的带边能级位置恰好包裹水的氧化还原电位,有利于实现全光解水.电子的迁移率略高于空穴的迁移率,有利于光生载流子的分离.光生电子可以提供足够的驱动力使得析氢反应自发进行.     

Z型InN/SnS2范德华异质结增强光催化水分解

寻找高效的光催化剂分解水制氢是解决能源危机和环境问题的有效途径之一.基于第一性原理，对InN/SnS₂异质结的几何结构、电子结构和光催化水分解性能进行研究.结果表明InN/SnS₂异质结是具有的Ⅱ型能带排列半导体材料可以有效地分离电子空穴对.在光激发下，较小的带隙以及合适的内建电场使得光生载流子迁移路径成“Z”字型，这保留了InN/SnS₂异质结强氧化还原能力.光生电子在InN的导带底累积并发生析氢反应，而积累在SnS₂上的光生空穴使析氧反应自发发生.它们的带边位置都跨越了水的氧化还原电位，证明能够实现水的完全分解.因此，InN/SnS₂异质结有希望成为高效光解水催化剂.     

Ce、Ga、La掺杂二维SnO2电子结构及光电性质的第一性原理研究

二维材料具有优异的光学、力学、热学、磁学等性质,成为研究的热点之一. SnO₂薄膜中的电子迁移率非常高,兼具透明和良好的导电性能,是一种性能绝佳的半导体材料.本文用密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理研究了二维SnO₂及其掺杂体系的电子结构、电子态密度、导电性能及光学性质,计算结果表明：相比较于三维SnO₂,二维SnO₂的费米能级附近产生很多杂质能级,提高了载流子浓度,带隙明显变窄,电子的局域性增强,导带中电子的有效质量增加了,电子跃迁更容易发生,增加了材料的导电性能;二维SnO₂比三维SnO₂材料的电极化能力强,在红外区、可见光区、紫外区域的光子吸收性能更优异,光电导率更高,更有利于光生电子-空穴对的分离和迁移,即可以有效地提高其光电转换效率,其中掺杂La元素能更好地提高在红外区、可见光区及紫外区吸收光子的能力,更有利于光电转换的效率,提高导电性.     

二维6H-SiC光学特性的应变调控

为了减小6H-SiC的带隙、提高对可见光的吸收效率和载流子迁移速率，采用第一性原理研究了应变对6H-SiC的能带结构、光学吸收系数、载流子迁移率以及光催化特性的影响。结果表明：应变能够降低6H-SiC的导带底，但对价带顶没有影响，导致带隙减小。随着应变的增加，吸收曲线向低能级方向移动，即发生红移，有利于可见光的吸收。施加应变后空穴的载流子迁移率提高，有利于载流子移动，且空穴的载流子迁移率是电子的2.5倍，有利于空穴和电子的分离。综合应变对带隙大小、带边位置的影响可知，应变在±2%、±4%时对可见光的吸收以及光催化制氢最有效。综上所述，应变能够对6H-SiC的光学吸收和光催化特性有很好的调控作用。     

一种新型二维TiO_2的电子结构与光催化性质

基于第一性原理计算方法,设计出了一种新型二维半导体材料TiO_2,并进一步研究了其结构稳定性,电子结构,载流子迁移率和光学性质等.二维TiO_2的形成能、声子谱、分子动力学、弹性常数表明,二维TiO_2具有较好的动力学,热力学和机械稳定性,具备实验制备的条件,且能够稳定存在于常温条件下.电子结构分析表明,二维TiO_2是一种间接带隙半导体,在GGA+PBE和HSE06算法下的能隙分别为1.19 e V和2.76 e V,其价带顶和导带底能级分别由Ti-3d和Ti-4s态电子构成, O原子的电子态在费米能级附近贡献很小,主要分布在深处能级.载流子迁移率显示,二维TiO_2的迁移率比单层Mo S2要小,其电子和空穴迁移率分别为31.09和36.29 cm~2·V~(–1)·s~(–1).由于空穴迁移率和电子迁移率的各向异性,电子-空穴复合率较低,使得单层TiO_2的使用寿命更长,光催化活性更好.在应变调控下,二维TiO_2的能隙发生明显响应,以适用于各种半导体器件的需要.半导体的带边势和光学性质显示,在–5%—2%单/双轴应变下,二维TiO_2能够光裂水制H2,在–5%—5%单/双轴应变下,能够光裂水制O_2, H_2O_2和O_3等.此外,二维TiO_2对可见光和紫外光具有较高的吸收系数,说明其在未来光电子器件和光催化材料领域有着潜在的应用前景.     

可见光响应SO_4~(2-)/Ce-TiO_2的光谱特征及催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ce掺杂TiO_2,经H_2SO_4处理得到酸化Ce掺杂TiO_2。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-FTIR)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术对样品的性质进行了表征,以罗丹明B(RhB)在样品上的可见光催化降解为模型反应,评价了所制备样品的光催化性能。XRD测试结果表明,铈掺杂使TiO_2产生晶格缺陷、粒径减小,有利于光生电荷的转移,继而提高催化剂的活性;FTIR谱图说明SO_4~(2-)以桥式双齿配位吸附形式存在;PyFTIR谱图显示,酸化铈掺杂TiO_2样品表面同时存在Brnsted和Lewis酸位,但以Lewis酸为主。Lewis酸中心的缺电子性质有利于样品表面的光生电子与光生空穴分离,从而改善催化剂的活性;UV-Vis结果表明,Ce掺杂减小了TiO_2的带隙能,引入的杂能级能够捕获导带上的光生电子和价带上的光生空穴,降低光生电子-空穴对的复合几率;同时还可以使能量较小的光子激发杂能级上捕获的电子,拓宽光响应范围;XPS分析表明SO2-4/Ce-TiO_2样品上同时存在Ce3+/Ce4+的混合价态,Ce~(3+)/Ce~(4+)氧化-还原转换有助于TiO_2受光激发后产生的光生电子和空穴的分离,从而提高光量子效率。酸化Ce掺杂TiO_2对RhB的可见光催化降解反应有很好的活性,实验结果证明,H_2SO_4酸化和Ce掺杂的协同作用改善了样品的可见光响应,促进了其可见光催化反应活性。     

可见光响应SO2－4／Ce-TiO2的光谱特征及催化性能

采用溶胶‐凝胶法制备了Ce掺杂 T iO2,经 H2 SO4处理得到酸化Ce掺杂 T iO2。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、吡啶吸附红外光谱（Py‐FTIR）、紫外‐可见光漫反射光谱（UV‐Vis）及X射线光电子能谱（XPS）技术对样品的性质进行了表征,以罗丹明B（RhB）在样品上的可见光催化降解为模型反应,评价了所制备样品的光催化性能。XRD测试结果表明,铈掺杂使 TiO2产生晶格缺陷、粒径减小,有利于光生电荷的转移,继而提高催化剂的活性;FTIR谱图说明SO2－4以桥式双齿配位吸附形式存在;Py‐FTIR谱图显示,酸化铈掺杂TiO2样品表面同时存在Br?nsted和Lewis酸位,但以Lewis酸为主。Lewis酸中心的缺电子性质有利于样品表面的光生电子与光生空穴分离,从而改善催化剂的活性;UV‐Vis结果表明,Ce掺杂减小了TiO2的带隙能,引入的杂能级能够捕获导带上的光生电子和价带上的光生空穴,降低光生电子‐空穴对的复合几率;同时还可以使能量较小的光子激发杂能级上捕获的电子,拓宽光响应范围;XPS分析表明SO2－4／Ce‐TiO2样品上同时存在Ce3＋／Ce4＋的混合价态,Ce3＋／Ce4＋氧化‐还原转换有助于TiO2受光激发后产生的光生电子和空穴的分离,从而提高光量子效率。酸化Ce掺杂TiO2对RhB的可见光催化降解反应有很好的活性,实验结果证明,H2 SO4酸化和Ce掺杂的协同作用改善了样品的可见光响应,促进了其可见光催化反应活性。     

磷烯基二维范德瓦尔斯异质结的理论表征

本文基于单层黑磷和蓝磷,理论设计出二维范德瓦尔斯异质结、能带结构、态密度、Bader电荷布局、电荷密度差分图及光吸收谱等,计算结果表明它是典型的第二型异质结,有利于光生载流子分离,且可见光捕获能力显著增强.内禀的界面极化电场能有效阻止光生电子-空穴的复合.表明磷烯基二维范德瓦尔斯异质结是一类性能优异的光解水催化剂.     

碳纳米管-石墨烯复合薄膜高性能光探测器

正最近,南京大学电子科学与工程学院王枫秋教授、徐永兵教授、张荣教授带领的研发团队在新型低维材料光探测器研究领域取得重要进展。石墨烯是零带隙的二维材料,高载流子迁移率及宽带光响应等特性使其成为高性能光探测器的理想材料之一。然而,单层石墨烯较低的吸光率和超快的光生载流子复合过程,严重制约了器件的光响应度。课题组从全碳复合材料界面处丰富的调控自由度和高效的电子迁移出发,提出将一维的碳纳米管和     

磷烯基二维范德瓦尔斯异质结的理论表征（英文）

本文基于单层黑磷和蓝磷,理论设计出二维范德瓦尔斯异质结、能带结构、态密度、Bader电荷布局、电荷密度差分图及光吸收谱等,计算结果表明它是典型的第二型异质结,有利于光生载流子分离,且可见光捕获能力显著增强.内禀的界面极化电场能有效阻止光生电子-空穴的复合.表明磷烯基二维范德瓦尔斯异质结是一类性能优异的光解水催化剂.     

Cu-X(X=B, Al, Ga, In)共掺杂对ZnS可见光吸收的影响

ZnS能够用于光解水制氢,但是由于ZnS带隙较宽在一定程度上制约了可见光的吸收。为了减小闪锌矿ZnS的带隙宽度,增加对可见光的吸收,采用密度泛函理论研究了Cu-X(X=B, Al, Ga, In)共掺杂对ZnS电子结构和可见光吸收的影响。计算结果表明Cu-X(X=B, Al, Ga, In)共掺杂ZnS的结合能都是负值,都属于稳定结构;掺杂使得闪锌矿ZnS的带隙宽度由2.9eV分别减小到2.68eV、2.41 eV、2.18 eV、1.82 eV,导致了吸收谱和光导产生红移,有利于可见光的吸收;掺杂后导带底向低能级方向移动,同时在禁带中产生p-d杂化能级,导致了带隙宽度减小,有利于可见光的吸收和阻止光生载流子的复合;最后掺杂ZnS的带边位置满足水解制氢的条件,可用于制造光催化剂。综上所述Cu-X(X=B, Al, Ga, In)共掺杂ZnS有利于可见光的吸收。     

Dispersion studies and electronic transitions in nickel phthalocyanine thin films

Thin films of the organic semiconductor nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) are structurally investigated using X-ray diffraction and infrared light absorption. The optical absorption and dispersion studies of nickel phthalocyanine were investigated using spectrophotometric measurements of transmittance and reflectance at normal incidence in the wavelength range 190–2100 nm. The absorption spectra recorded in the UV-VIS region show two well-defined absorption bands of the phthacyanine molecules, namely, the Soret and the Q-band. The Davydove splitting of the main absorption peak in the metal phthalocyanines correlates with the relative tendencies of the metal to out-of-plane bonding. The refractive index n as well as the absorption index k were calculated and showed an independent of the film thickness in the film thicknesses range 400–770 nm. The refractive index n showed an anomalous dispersion in the absorption region as well as normal dispersion in the transparent region. Some of the important optical absorption such as the molar extinction coefficient, the oscillator strength, the electric dipole strength have been evaluated. The analysis of the spectral behavior of the absorption coefficient α in the absorption region revealed two indirect allowed transitions with corresponding energies 2.77±0.03 and 1.66±0.02 eV. An energy band diagram has been proposed to account for the optical transitions of NiPc thin film. All previous parameters were as well obtained for films annealed at 523 K for 2 h. Discussion of the obtained results and their comparison with the previously published data are also given.     

光解水的原子尺度机理和量子动力学

利用阳光直接将水分解为不含碳的氢气燃料和氧气是面向全球能源危机环保且低成本的解决方案.得益于电子结构理论和量子模拟方法的进步,人们已经能够直接研究在纳米颗粒上等离激元诱导光解水过程在原子尺度上的反应机理和超快动力学.本文简述近年来的相关工作进展.吸附在氧化物薄膜上的金纳米颗粒很有希望成为水分解的高效新型光催化剂.在光激发条件下,水分解反应速率和光强、热电子转移之间有强相关性.水分解速率不仅取决于光吸收强度,还受到等离激元量子振动模式的调控.这对于太阳能光解水器件中纳米颗粒的设计有借鉴意义.我们发现液态水在金团簇等离激元催化下100 fs内就能产生氢气.超快量子动力学模拟表明,该过程中场增强起主导作用,从金属到水反键态的超快电荷转移也扮演着重要角色.综合这些原子尺度上的量子动力学研究,我们提出受激水分子中氢原子高速碰撞(速度远远超出其热速度)合成氢分子的"链式反应"机理.     

Strong light‐matter coupling between a molecular vibrational mode in a PMMA film and a low‐loss mid‐IR microcavity

Microcavity devices exhibiting strong light‐matter coupling in the mid‐infrared spectral range offer the potential to explore exciting open physical questions pertaining to energy transfer between heat and light and can lead to a new generation of efficient wavelength tunable mid‐infrared sources of coherent light based on polariton Bose‐Einstein Condensation. Vibrational transitions of organic molecules, which often have strong absorption peaks in the infrared and considerably narrower linewidths than organic excitonic resonances, can generate polaritonic states in the mid‐infrared spectral range using microcavity devices. Here, narrow linewidth polaritonic resonances are exhibited in the mid‐infrared by coupling the carbonyl stretch vibrational transition of a polymethyl methacrylate film to the photonic resonance of a low optical‐loss mid‐infrared microcavity, which consisted of two Ge/ZnS dielectric Bragg reflectors. Rabi‐splitting of 14.3 meV is observed, with a 4.4 meV polariton linewidth at anti‐crossing. The large Rabi‐splitting relative to linewidth indicates efficient impedance‐matching between the bare vibrational and photonic states, and suggests molecular‐vibration polaritons incorporated in dielectric microcavities can be an enabling step towards realizing polariton optical switching and polariton condensation in the mid‐infrared spectral range.     

Tailoring the photocatalytic activity of WO3 by Nb-F codoping from first-principles calculations

In this letter, the electronic structure properties of Nb, F monodoping and Nb-F codoping are explored by first-principles calculations. Our results show that Nb-F codoping can reduce the band gap notably. The band edge analysis indicates that both conduction band maximum (CBM) and valence band minimum (VBM) move to higher energies, which is desirable for water splitting. The formation energy and pair binding energy calculation shows that this anion-cation codoping is easy to realize in both O-rich and O-poor conditions. The calculated optical absorption spectra indicate that the visible light absorption can be significantly improved by Nb-F codoping in WO₃. Therefore, Nb-F co-doped WO₃ is predicted to be a promising visible light photocatalyst for water splitting.     

Influence of high-energy X-ray irradiation on the optical properties of tetraphenylporphyrin thin films

Tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) thermally evaporated films were irradiated by different doses (0.5–2.5 kGy) of X-ray with energy 6 MeV. The optical properties for TPP were investigated using spectrophotometric measurements of the transmittance and reflectance at normal incidence of light in the wavelength range from 200 to 1100 nm. The absorption spectra recorded in the UV-VIS region of spectra showed different absorption bands, namely four Q-bands in the visible region of the spectrum and a more intense band termed as the Soret band in the near-UV region of the spectrum. Two other bands labeled N and M appear in the UV region. The Soret band showed Davydov splitting. Increasing X-ray irradiation dose influences the optical properties of TPP films. All absorption bands show a continuous blue shift in position and a decrease in intensity with increasing X-ray dose. At 2.5 kGy the B, N, and M bands disappeared. The reduction in the absorbency was calculated as a function of X-ray dose. The energy gap was determined and the type of optical transition was found to be an indirect allowed transition.     

Visible light absorption of (Fe,C/N) co-doped NaTaO_3: DFT+U

The effects of Fe–C/N co-doping on the electronic and optical properties of NaTaO_3 are studied with density functional theory. Our calculations indicate that mono-doped and co-doped sodium tantalate are both thermodynamically stable.The co-doping sodium tantalate can reduce the energy band gap to a greater degree due to the synergistic effects of Fe and C(N) atoms than mono-doping sodium tantalate, and has a larger optical absorption of the whole visible spectrum. The band alignments for the doped NaTaO_3 are well positioned for the feasibility of hydrogen production by water splitting. The Fe–C co-doping can enhance the absorption of the visible light and its photocatalytic activity more than Fe–N co-doping due to the different locations of impurity energy levels originating from their p–d hybridization effect.     

Spectral analysis of the EBT3 radiochromic film irradiated with 6 MV X-ray radiation

The EBT3 radiochromic film was introduced as the next generation of EBT and EBT2 films, maintaining the composition of the active layer. X-ray radiation produces a change in its visible light absorption spectrum and optical properties being granted make the films suitable for dosimetric applications. The goal of this study is to present results of absorption spectra measurements for the EBT3 radiochromic film exposed to 6 MV X-ray radiation in the dose range from 0 to 50 Gy. Results showed that the spectrum of the EBT3 radiochromic has an intense band centered at around 636 nm and a less intense centered at around 585 nm. Spectral analysis show that in addition to the two main absorption bands, the absorption spectrum in the spectral range from 400 to 700 nm contains nine more absorption bands. Because to the symmetrical structure of the EBT3 radiochromic film, we assume that the additional absorption bands in the spectral range 400–540 nm are due to an interference pattern that is characteristic of a Fabry-Perot cavity.     

第一性原理计算N掺杂对InNbO_4电子结构的影响

宽带隙(3.83 e V)半导体光催化材料InNbO_4在紫外光作用下具有分解水和降解有机物的性能.最近实验发现了N掺杂InNbO_4具有可见光下分解水制氢的活性.为了从理论上解释这一实验现象,本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算了N掺杂对InNbO_4的能带结构、态密度和光学性质的影响.分析能带结构可得,N掺杂后在InNbO_4的价带(O 2p)上方形成N 2p局域能级,导致电子跃迁所需的能量减小.吸收光谱表明,N掺杂后InNbO_4的光吸收边出现了红移,实现了可见光吸收.