非规则封闭空间声场建模的Chebyshev-变分法及其固有声学特性分析

针对非规则封闭空间声场建模问题,提出了一种基于Chebyshev-变分原理的声场建模方法。该方法首先选取包络非规则声场的矩形空间并将此矩形空间内的声压函数展开成三重Chebyshev级数形式,然后通过坐标变换得到定义域空间中的声场势能和声场动能,最后按照里茨方法对声场的拉格朗日泛函进行求解,得到声场的特征方程并求得声场固有频率和模态。通过与曲面声场的数值结果对比,验证了本建模方法的正确性和有效性。在此基础上研究具有不同倾角的梯形声场固有特性,分析内部凹槽深度对"凹"型声场频率和模态的影响。结果表明,梯形声场模态会随着倾角增大而逐步演变;"凹"型声场低阶频率随凹槽深度的增加而逐渐减小,但第一阶频率却呈现先减小后增大的特点。      

突变截面驻波管和极高纯净驻波场的实验研究

突变截面驻波管属于失谐驻波管,即其高阶共振频率不是一阶共振频率的整数倍。通过对STAS的优化设计,利用STAS的失谐性质在一阶和二阶共振频率下激励分别获得了180 dB和177 dB的极高纯净驻波声场。尽管声压级已经很高,但在接下来的对一阶和二阶共振频率激励下的声波波形畸变和谐波饱和情况进行的实验研究中仍然没有观察到谐波饱和现象。与此同时,对三阶共振频率激励下的声场进行了实验研究,由于三阶共振频率激励下的大振幅非线性声场的二次谐波频率接近六阶共振频率,在声压级达到170 dB时观测到了三阶共振频率激励下的声波波形畸变和谐波饱和现象。      

利用声辐射模态重构任意目标的散射声场

水下目标散射声场的重构可以作为水下目标散射特性的研究基础。本文主要利用声辐射模态对水下目标进行散射声场重构研究。首先,在借助声传递矩阵给出的任意结构声辐射模态的流体域求解方法基础上,通过理论证明了目标的散射声压与声辐射模态具有函数关系。其次,借助声场分布模态的概念,同时考虑到声场分布模态病态及声压测量易受噪声污染,提出基于声辐射模态的正则化散射声场重构算法。仿真结果表明,波数越低,重构所需声辐射模态阶数越少,在较高波数时仅需总模态数的大约20%即可对声场进行重构。与基于边界元的声场重构算法相比,计算量减小了至少80%,且克服了赫姆霍兹积分方程最小二乘法仅对球壳结构的重构效果较好而不适用于长条形结构重构的缺陷。     

利用源强密度声辐射模态重建声场

为了利用声场中少量测点声压数据精确重建复杂结构的辐射声场,提出了源强密度声辐射模态分析理论和声场重建公式.在结构表面定义的空间上,利用以源强密度分布函数为参量的结构辐射声功率泛函表达式定义了一个线性自伴正辐射算子,该算子的特征函数为结构的源强密度声辐射模态.然后通过对矩形平板和带有半球帽的圆柱体的源强密度声辐射模态的分析,证明了源强密度声辐射模态具有空间滤波特性,并利用该性质建立了声场重建公式.球体仿真和平板实验验证了所提出的声场重建方法的可行性和稳健性.基于源强密度声辐射模态的声场重建方法简单,利用较少测点数据就可以获得较高的声场重建精度,特别适合于复杂结构的低频声场重建.     

声场作用下两空化泡相互作用的研究

建立了声场作用下两空化泡泡壁的运动方程,得出了双空化泡的共振频率,振动半径及空化噪声声压．由频率方程,振动半径和声压方程可以看出两气泡的运动情况与单气泡的运动情况有着明显的不同．共振频率,共振振幅及声压与两气泡之间的间距有关．在一定的简化条件下,运用MATLAB语言对共振频率,共振振幅及空化噪声声压进行了数值求解,发现共振频率和共振振幅随空泡间距的增大而增大,空化噪声声压随距离增大先增大后减小． 关键词： 超声 空化 频率 声压     

矩形封闭声腔壁板轻量化对声固耦合特性的影响

基于模态耦合法建立了考虑对侧柔性壁板的矩形封闭腔体声固耦合模型,导出了耦合系统声振响应随柔性板材料属性及厚度变化的近似关系.通过数值仿真计算,详细分析了单柔性板-单侧激励、双柔性板-双侧激励及双柔性板-单侧激励三种情况下板的轻量化设计对系统声固耦合特性及腔内声压响应的影响.结果表明:对于单柔性板-单侧激励及双柔性板-双侧激励情况,低频段腔内声压主要取决于板厚,其次是杨氏模量,而与板密度关系较弱.因此使用适当增厚的轻质板可以同时达到减重和低频区降噪的目标.对于双柔性板-单侧激励情况,适当的轻量化设计可以显著增强两板间低频段振动的耦合,从而降低该频段的声腔模态响应及腔内噪音.在中高频段,增加板厚和材料密度对降低三种情况的腔内声压均有利。      

分散式速度反馈控制流激薄板声振响应的模态解及特性

采用模态展开法推导了湍流边界层和分散式速度反馈控制共同作用下薄板的响应和声辐射,给出了与分散式速度反馈控制增益系数、单元位置、数量和大小相关的模态阻尼的显示表达式。给定激励和参数的条件下,通过与元素法的计算结果进行对比,验证了模态展开法具有较高的计算效率和准确性。讨论了分散式速度反馈控制单元的布置方式和数量对模态阻尼的影响,以及反馈控制单元的布置方式对薄板动能、辐射声功率和模态平均辐射系数的影响。数值分析结果表明反馈控制单元的数量和布放位置对控制效果影响显著,反馈控制单元沿螺旋线布置能明显拓宽控制频带;两种反馈控制单元布置方式,在动能和辐射声功率控制较好的共振频率处,除第一阶模态外,模态平均声辐射效率随反馈增益的增大明显提高。     

基于近场声全息的圆柱壳体内部声场重构效果的影响因素

在Neumann边界条件下基于近场声全息原理(NAH)重构了两端封闭的有限长圆柱壳体内部声场,计算出的结果与基于模态叠加法构建的内部声场进行比较,证明了重构方法的正确性,然后分别讨论了激励频率和全息面选择对NAH重构声场精度的影响以及重构面上不同位置的重构效果。     

谐振管形状对热声发动机内非线性声场的影响

研究了谐振管一端受活塞声源激励,另一端刚性封闭条件下,管道形状对热声发动机谐振管内部非线性声场的影响。基于流体力学基本方程建立了渐变截面谐振管内一维非线性声场的模型,考虑了黏性耗散及非线性效应的影响。利用伽辽金法数值求解了该模型的速度势方程,分析了谐振管形状、活塞振动速度及激励频率对管内声场的影响。将双曲形、指数形、锥形、正弦形等四种变截面谐振管内的非线性声场与圆柱形直管的情况进行了比较。结果反映了谐振管内声场的压力波动受活塞振动速度及谐振管形状的影响;显示了当活塞振动幅度较大时,谐振管内出现的波形畸变、频率曲线偏移、共振频率滞后等非线性现象;揭示了变截面谐振管在抑制管内的高阶谐波及提高压比等方面的优越性。      

理想浅海波导中声场奇异点与声源深度的关系

为了有效利用声场奇异点蕴含的声源参数信息,研究了在理想浅海波导中,远场不同邻阶模态组的声场奇异点与声源深度之间的关系。推导计算了典型浅海声源声场的邻阶模态组奇异点位置,并通过仿真对奇异点的分布进行分析,结果显示邻阶模态组的阶数和阶差越大,奇异点分布越复杂。进一步研究发现,邻阶模态组第一组奇异点的深度和声源深度之间存在联系,并且基于奇异点与声压场的对应关系,在获得准确模态分布的前提下,可以通过两个邻阶模态组的第一组奇异点深度逆运算获得对应声源深度信息,也可以通过第一组奇异点深度反演获得声源深度信息。该文为获取浅海声源深度提供了思路。     

Sound radiation from an aperture in a rectangular enclosure under low modal conditions

This paper investigates both theoretically and experimentally the sound radiation from an aperture placed in an enclosure wall for the particular case of low modal sound field. The incidence field is composed of the enclosed sound field, which is calculated using the theoretical modal model presented. The transmitted sound is calculated by the Rayleigh radiation equation after continuity conditions have been applied in the aperture plane, assuming the condition of a thin wall. The model is experimentally validated by measuring the directivity and sound pressure radiated from an aperture in the side of a rectangular box. Because the walls of the enclosure are not rigid, an experimental procedure to determine its admittance is also presented. The experiments have been carried out for the first four modes of the enclosed sound field, and good agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental results. These results indicate that the admittance of the aperture, its radiation efficiency, and its directivity are all functions of the predominant mode shape, and the frequency, as well as the location and shape, of the aperture relative to the predominant enclosed mode shape.     

基于传输线等效法的双腔体屏蔽系数快速算法

传输线等效法(TLM)是一种常用的开孔腔屏蔽系数快速计算方法,在孔缝耦合系数的计算中考虑了孔缝处的场模式,提高了TLM算法在高频段计算屏蔽系数(SE)的准确性。继而将TLM算法推广到开孔双金属腔屏蔽系数的计算,通过将外腔体中任意位置的电压等效为内孔缝处的辐射电压源,计算得到内腔体中任意位置上的屏蔽系数,解决了已有文献中方法的不足。该算法计算结果与CST仿真结果吻合较好。     

Higher mode sound transmission from a point source through a rectangular aperture

This paper considers the higher-order scattered and transmitted wave fields that result when an acoustic wave from a point source impinges at an arbitrary angle on a rectangular aperture in a rigid, thick wall. In this analysis, it is assumed that free field conditions exist on both sides of the aperture. Although the full scattered and transmitted pressure fields contain both modal sum and modal coupling effects, the modal coupling effects of the higher-order modes are ignored such that an approximate analytical solution to the uncoupled analysis can be utilized. Experiments have been undertaken to measure the sound pressure levels in the transmitted field that result when sound from a point source impinges on the opposite side of a rectangular aperture. Measurements were made with the source located at the required position to drive a particular in-aperture higher-order mode. The source was also located at positions that did not directly excite any in-aperture higher-order mode at a cut-on frequency. These results indicate that the approximate analysis developed here gives accurate solutions whether or not any mode of the aperture is driven at cut-on. Thus, the method can be used for any relative location of a source from a rectangular aperture of any dimensions.     

高功率微波对双层屏蔽腔体的孔缝耦合特性

 用多模传输线模型对高功率微波与双层屏蔽腔体的孔缝耦合特性进行了研究,此方法可以考虑高功率微波孔缝耦合进入腔内时的较宽的频率范围。用这种模拟方法获得了双层屏蔽腔体微波耦合的一些规律性结果：双层屏蔽可以使得腔体内的耦合电场比单层屏蔽时有显著的减弱,这与FDTD方法的结论是一致的;双层屏蔽外腔体中的一些谐振会影响到内腔体的耦合系数,外腔体中的场模式经由内孔缝会影响内腔体中的场模式;不论是单层屏蔽还是双层屏蔽,保持每层孔缝总面积不变时,随着孔阵中孔缝数量的增加,进入腔体内的耦合电场也逐步地减弱,这与单层屏蔽时的结论一致;通风总面积不变的情况下,孔缝数量越多,屏蔽效能越好。     

孔缝箱体屏蔽效能电磁拓扑分析模型

基于Robinson等效电路法,提出了一种电磁拓扑模型,用于任意平面波入射条件下的孔缝箱体屏蔽效能分析。该模型将孔缝及其所在平面等效为连接自由空间(等效为特性阻抗为Z0的传输线)和剩余箱体(等效为特性阻抗为Zg的短路矩形波导)的二端口网络,并通过等效电路模型计算了该二端口网络的散射矩阵,进而推导出描述孔缝耦合的广义BLT(Baum-Liu-Tesche)方程。设计了4组实验模型用于电磁拓扑理论(EMT)算法、Robinson算法和CST软件的对比分析,仿真结果证明:EMT算法较Robinson算法具有更高的准确率,尤其是在高频域;EMT算法继承了Robinson算法简洁高效的特性,且能直观反映箱体参数、孔逢参数对屏蔽系数的影响,较CST软件实用性更强。     

Prediction of the spatial characteristics of higher mode sound transmission through a periodic slit screen

Periodic slit screens are often installed in rectangular apertures either to mask the opening or to reduce transmitted noise. This investigation considers the higher-order scattered and transmitted sound from a point source through a periodic screen mounted in a rigid baffle. In particular, this paper considers the spatial characteristics, or directivity, of the scattered field for a particular higher order mode. Uncoupled higher-order mode analysis is used to estimate the scattered and transmitted sound fields for the selected mode of the aperture without the presence of the screen. Transmission coefficients for the screens are then calculated using the well established equivalent mass layer effect and applied to the calculated higher-order mode scattered and transmitted sound pressures. Using an anechoic chamber, measurements were made over a small arc of the scattered sound field through a range of screens of different aspect ratios but the same porosity. The screens consisted of equally spaced open slits and solid laths and the number of slits was reduced to change the aspect ratio. In each case the point source was positioned on the impinging side of the aperture so as to drive one particular scattered higher-order aperture mode at or near cut-on. Comparison of the measured and predicted sound pressures indicate that good estimates of the sound field can be obtained through the approach of applying simple corrections for the presence of the screens to the estimates for the open aperture established using uncoupled calculations for the higher-order modes. It is also shown that the results for a specific mode excited at one particular frequency are applicable at other excitation frequencies provided that the correct non-dimensionalisation is applied.     

基于BLT方程的双层腔体屏蔽效能计算方法

基于波导理论,将BLT方程进一步拓展,提出一种可快速、准确地计算双层腔体内任意点屏蔽效能的方法。首先将腔体壁孔所在面等效为二端口网络,腔体等效为两端短路的波导,建立信号流图。引入孔阻抗计算二端口网络散射参数,依据信号流图构建广义BLT方程,得到内层腔体中心线上点的屏蔽效能;然后根据波导理论的场分布特性,推导出腔体内任意点电场与腔体中心线上电场的关系,最终得到内层腔体内任意点的屏蔽效能。将计算结果与等效电路法及CST数值仿真结果对比,三者吻合良好,计算结果在较大频率范围内比等效电路法精度更高。该方法可以准确预测双层腔体在0~2.5GHz范围内所有谐振点,有助于分析腔体谐振现象,且计算效率较高,占用资源大幅减少。     

Influence of wall absorption on low-frequency dependence of reverberation time in room of irregular shape

In this paper, a modal analysis was used to describe a reverberation phenomenon in a room of complex shape. A theoretical model was limited to low sound frequencies, when eigenmodes are lightly damped, thus they may be approximated by uncoupled normal acoustic modes of a hard-walled room. A utility of this method was demonstrated in a numerical example where the enclosure in a form of two coupled rooms was considered. A reverberation time was evaluated from a time decay of spatial root mean square pressure, the overall measure of room pressure. The results of calculations, performed for three different distributions of absorbing materials on room walls, showed how various location of the material can effect a dependence of the reverberation time on a frequency of sound source.     

Noise control in enclosures: modeling and experiments with T-shaped acoustic resonators

This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of noise control in enclosures using a T-shaped acoustic resonator array. A general model with multiple resonators is developed to predict the acoustic performance of small resonators placed in an acoustic enclosure. Analytical solutions for the sound pressure inside the enclosure and the volume velocity source strength out of the resonator aperture are derived when a single resonator is installed, which provides insight into the physics of acoustic interaction between the enclosure and the resonator. Based on the understanding of the coupling between the individual resonators and enclosure modes, both targeted and nontargeted, a sequential design methodology is proposed for noise control in the enclosure using an array of acoustic resonators. Design examples are given to illustrate the control performance at a specific or at several resonance peaks within a frequency band of interest. Experiments are conducted to systematically validate the theory and the design method. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental results shows that, with the help of the presented theory and design methodology, either single or multiple resonance peaks of the enclosure can be successfully controlled using an optimally located acoustic resonator array.