兔主动脉冻结膨胀行为及其影响因素的研究

文采用热机械分析仪(TMA)分别研究了低温保护剂(CPA)和冻结速率对兔主动脉冻结相变过程中膨胀的影响。研究结果表明:在兔主动脉的冻结过程中,先是逐渐膨胀到某一峰值,然后突然有收缩的发生;降温速率越大,其相应的热膨胀系数也越大;添加二甲亚砜(DMSO)大大增加了主动脉冻结过程的未冻水含量,从而对其冻结膨胀有明显影响,而且,DMSO浓度越大,其冻结膨胀系数越小。     

冻结状态下主动脉裂纹扩展及断裂模式的研究

采用动态力学分析仪(DMA)研究了温度、降温速率、低温保护剂对冻结状态下兔胸主动脉的裂纹扩展和断裂模式的影响.研究结果表明:随着温度的降低,主动脉轴向由典型的韧性断裂转变为典型的脆性断裂,并且其裂纹扩展也越困难;降温速率对冻结状态下主动脉的裂纹扩展和断裂模式影响不大;DMSO对主动脉的冻结过程有明显的"软化"作用,裂纹更容易扩展,而且呈现出典型的韧断;均以5℃/min降温到-50℃后,血管周向比轴向易于扩展,但其与轴向试样表现出截然相反的典型韧断,这充分说明冻结状态下主动脉仍然体现出各向异性的特点.     

兔主动脉比热容测量

本文用差示扫描量热技术的分步扫描方法,测量了未加抗冻剂和加抗冻剂的兔主动脉在30-140℃温度范围内的比热容。实验发现相变过程中,未加抗冻剂的兔主动脉的最大表观比热容大于加抗冻剂的相应值;冻结状态相同温度下未加抗冻剂的兔主动脉的比热容小于的加抗冻剂的兔主动脉的比热容;溶解后的未加抗冻剂和加抗冻剂的兔主动脉的比热容随着温度的升高而减小。并将测量结果与其它方法获得的比热容数值进行了比较,发现实际测量的比热容值与估算之间还是有区别的。     

兔主动脉冻结过程中未冻水份额的研究

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)技术中的分步扫描(Stepwise scanning)法,研究了不同浓度的低温保护剂对主动脉血管冻结过程中未冻水份额的影响。研究结果表明:分步扫描量热技术可以用于血管材料冻结过程中未冻水份额的定量研究,而且具有较高楠度;随着低温保护剂二甲亚砜(DMSO)浓度的增大,血管的初始冻结点温度呈线性降低,但其冻结过程的未冻水份额显著增大,这是由于高浓度DMSO具有很强水合能力所致。     

静电场作用下α-LiIO_3单晶的光衍射增强现象的弛豫行为和“低温冻结”

在以前工作的基础上,利用在频率平面上进行空间滤波的方法,研究了α-LiIO_3单晶在静电场作用下,空间电荷分布引起的衍射光强变化的弛豫行为。得出了弛豫过程的唯象表达式,发现其中的弛豫参数依赖于温度和电压的大小以及所加电压为同号或异号电压,且随样品的不同而变化。在低温下,衍射会被“冻结”:即在“冻结”温度(～—25℃)以下加电压,衍射增强不显著;在“冻结”温度以上加电压,然后降至“冻结”温度以下,衍射光强度仍保持高温时增强后的数值;撤去电压,因加电压所增加的衍射并不消失。     

低温环境下水平铜表面液滴冻结的实验研究

本文实验研究了低温受迫对流条件下空气参数对水平冷表面上液滴冻结的影响。冷表面温度分别为-15.5℃和-19.5℃,空气温度变化范围为-6～8.5℃,相对湿度变化范围为50%～80%,空气流速变化范围为1.0～9.0 m/s。结果表明,冷表面上液滴冻结的时间随冷面温度的升高而增加,随空气相对湿度的升高而减小。另外,空气温度和流速对冷表面液滴冻结也有较大的影响,随着空气温度和流速的增加,液滴冻结时间先减小后增大。     

动脉血管低温保存研究现状及展望

血管低温保存是满足临床移植的重要保证手段。从影响动脉血管低温保存的因素,低温保存后的活性恢复、细胞水平上的血管低温损伤机理、冻结/复温过程中的热物理性质和力学性质变化,以及低温断裂现象等方面综述了血管低温保存研究进展。     

静电场作用下α-LiIO3单晶的光衍射增强现象的弛豫行为和“低温冻结”

在以前工作的基础上,利用在频率平面上进行空间滤波的方法,研究了α-LiIO₃单晶在静电场作用下,空间电荷分布引起的衍射光强变化的弛豫行为。得出了弛豫过程的唯象表达式,发现其中的弛豫参数依赖于温度和电压的大小以及所加电压为同号或异号电压,且随样品的不同而变化。在低温下,衍射会被“冻结”:即在“冻结”温度(～-25℃)以下加电压,衍射增强不显著;在“冻结”温度以上加电压,然后降至“冻结”温度以下,衍射光强度仍保持高温时增强后的数值;撤去电压,因加电压所增加的衍射并不消失。 关键词：     

Zn含量对重电子金属CeCu6-xZnx低温性质的影响

报道了掺Zn的重电子金属CeCu6-xZnx(x=0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.3)样品的非常规制备方法以及低温电阻和低温比热容的测量结果,研究Zn含量对CeCu6-xZnx低温性质的影响及其物理原因.发现低温下Kondo散射项系数c随Zn含量的加大而减小,电阻极大值温度Tmax随Zn含量的加大而降低,CeCu6-xZnx的德拜温度ΘD随Zn含量的加大而略有上升 关键词： 重费密子系统 低温比热容 低温电阻 相干散射     

低温阀门冷态试验的稳态传热模拟与分析

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对为控制20 K温度的氦气而设计的低温阀门在正常运行和冷态试验状态下的温度场进行模拟与分析。针对冷态试验状态下拉杆处出现冻结的问题,提出在上阀体处添加绝热层的方案,通过进一步的模拟计算预测其改进的效果。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.