共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
利用脉宽为25 ns的脉冲Nd: YAG 532 nm的激光,在1010—1011 W/cm2的强度下,用飞行时间质谱对丙酮团簇的激光电离过程进行了研究. 观察到了较强的Oq+(q=2—4)和Cq+(q=1—4)高价离子信号,这些高价离子 C4+,C3+,C2+,O4+,O3+,O2+的最大概然平动能分别为240 eV,70 eV,30 eV,90 eV,80 eV,40 eV. 高价离子的强度和平动能随激光强度的增大而增大. 我们提出一个多光子电离引发,逆韧致吸收加热-电子碰撞电离模型来解释高价离子的产生.
关键词:
丙酮
团簇
库仑爆炸
高价离子 相似文献
2.
用5ns,1064nm的脉冲Nd:YAG激光,研究了乙醚团簇与纳秒激光的相互作用.在1011 W/cm2量级光强下,观察到价电子完全剥离的O6+,C4+,且这些高价离子的强度比值基本不随激光能量而变化.用阻滞电压方法测量了电离过程中溢出电子能量分布,在最大激光能量4.0×1011 W/cm2,溢出电子的平均能量为56eV,最大能量为102eV.实验结果支持了高价离子产生的“多
关键词:
高价离子
电子能量
纳秒激光
乙醚团簇 相似文献
3.
利用脉宽为25ns的脉冲Nd:YAG 532 nm的激光,在8×1010W/cm2的强度下,用飞行时间质谱对CS2的激光电离过程进行了研究.观察到了较强的C2+和S2+高价离子信号,这些高价离子C2+,S2+的最可几平动能高达144eV,112 eV.不同进样方式,激光延迟以及束源压力的实验结果表明,这些高价离子可能来源于CS2团簇的库仑爆炸过程.多光子电离引发,逆韧致吸收加热-电子碰撞电离模型可能是高价离子产生的机理. 相似文献
4.
本文利用反应显微成像技术(reaction microscope)研究了54 eV电子入射甲烷分子导致的电离解离过程,详细分析了电离解离产生的CH+2,CH+,C+离子碎片的动能分布情况.实验结果表明,该入射能量下产生CH+2,CH+,C+离子碎片主要贡献来自2a1内价轨道电子的直接电离过程产生的离子态(2a<
关键词:
反应显微成像谱仪
电离解离
能量沉积
动能分布 相似文献
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利用脉宽为5 ns脉冲Nd: YAG 355 nm激光在功率密度为1011–1012 W/cm2条件下实现了甲醛含水团簇多光子电离, 并用飞行时间质谱对其电离产物和电离过程进行了研究. 实验中观测到了甲醛的质子化团簇系列 (CH2O)nH+(n=1–4), 甲醛的去质子化团簇系列(CH2O)nCHO+ (n=1–3), 以及两个起源于H2CO去质子和质子化的含水团簇系列HCO+(H2O)n(n=1,3,5)和H3CO+(H2O)n(n=1,3,5), 并对其中的一些团簇结构构型进行了猜测. 研究在不同的激光功率密度下甲醛团簇质谱峰的变换情况, 当激光密度达到9.3× 1011 W/cm2, 开始出现CH2O和H2O本体及其光致碎片的信号, 但对应的各质量峰没有明显地分辨开, 而是以包络的形式出现, 这是激光电离产生高能离子释放的一种表现, 提出认等离子体动力学鞘层加速机制(模型)来解释高能离子形成的物理机制.
关键词:
甲醛
团簇
飞行时间质谱
激光电离 相似文献
7.
为了进一步理解极端条件下物质的电离特性, 特别是超短超强激光脉冲辐照超薄靶时等离子体的形成与分布, 本文以超薄碳膜为例, 细致研究了超短超强激光脉冲辐照下原子的离化过程. 分析和比较了强激光场直接作用电离和靶内静电场电离等两种场致电离形式, 在碰撞电离可以忽略的情况下, 发现更多的电离份额是来自靶内静电场的电离方式. 研究了激光脉冲强度对电离的影响, 发现激光脉冲强度越强, 电离速度越快, 产生的高价态离子所占比例也越高.当激光强度为1×1020 W/cm2时, 尽管该强度高于电离生成C+6所需要的激光强度阈值, 但该激光脉冲并不能将整个靶电离成C+6离子, 对此本文进行了详细的分析. 在研究激光脉冲宽度的影响时, 发现激光脉宽越小, 电离速度越快, 但越小的激光脉冲电离获得的高价态离子越少. 相似文献
8.
利用25纳秒脉冲Nd-YAG 532 nm的激光,在1011 W cm-2的光场强度下,用飞行时间质谱对不同载气条件下碘甲烷的激光电离过程进行了研究.当利用氩作为载气时,除观察到H+,C+,CH+,CH+3,I+,CH3I+等离子外,还观察到很强的C2+,I2+和I3+离子信号.这些高价离子的最可几平动能分别为55.5 eV,9.5 eV和27 eV.质谱峰形的分裂现象以及不同载气的实验结果表明这些高价离子可能来源于碘甲烷团簇的库仑爆炸过程. 相似文献
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11.
B. Bescós R. Hoch H.-J. Schmidtke G. Gerber 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2000,71(3):373-379
Femtosecond-laser spectroscopy is used to study the photoionization and photofragmentation of large neutral silicon clusters
in a beam. Silicon clusters Sin with sizes up to n≈6000, corresponding to nanoparticles with diameters up to 6 nm, are generated in a laser vaporization
source. Nanosecond- and femtosecond-laser ionization are employed to characterize the free silicon nanoparticles. Excitation
with intense femtosecond-laser pulses leads to prompt formation of doubly and triply charged Sin clusters. Additionally, strong fragmentation of charged clusters occurs by Coulomb explosion, resulting in high released
kinetic energies. Multiply charged atoms up to Si4+ with initial kinetic energies in the range of 500 eV are observed for laser intensities of about 1013 W/cm2. Pump–probe spectroscopy yields decay times of the intermediate resonances of the nanoparticles.
Received: 22 January 2000 / Published online: 7 August 2000 相似文献
12.
M.A. Lebeault J. Viallon J. Chevaleyre C. Ellert D. Normand M. Schmidt O. Sublemontier C. Guet B. Huber 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2002,20(2):233-242
We exposed small size-controlled lead clusters with a few hundreds of atoms to laser pulses with peak intensities up to 1015 W cm-2 and durations between 60 fs to 2.5 ps. We measured kinetic energies and ionic charge of fragments as a function of the laser
intensity and pulse duration. Highly charged Pbn+ ions up to n = 26 have been detected presenting kinetic energies up to 15 keV. For comparison with our experimental results, we have performed
simulations of the laser coupling with a cluster-sized lead nanoplasma using a qualitative model that was initially proposed
by Ditmire and co-workers at LLNL for the case of rare gas clusters. From these simulations we conclude that two mechanisms
are responsible for the explosion dynamics of small lead clusters. As already observed for large rare gas clusters (n = 106), fragments with charge states below +10 are driven by Coulomb forces, whereas the higher charged fragments are accelerated
by hydrodynamic forces. The latter mechanism is a direct consequence of the strong laser heating of the electron cloud in
the nanoplasma arising from a plasmon-like resonance occurring at n
e = 3n
c. In order to obtain an optimized laser-nanoplasma coupling, our results suggest that the plasma resonance should occur at
the peak intensity of the laser pulse. Due to inertial effects, even for such small-sized clusters, the observed optimum pulse
duration is in the order of 1 ps which is in good agreement with our theoretical results.
Received 18 March 2002 Published online 19 July 2002 相似文献
13.
纳秒激光与团簇相互作用产生高价离子逐渐成为分子物理界的热点之一, 为了深入研究团簇电离的本质, 本文以分子结构相似、元素组成相同的苯、环己烯和环己烷的分子团簇为对象, 利用飞行时间质谱研究了其与5 ns的532 nm激光相互作用时电离产物的价态和强度分布. 结果表明: 这三种化合物多光子电离效率苯>环己烯>环己烷, 但其高价离子的价态和比值苯是最低的, 环己烷的碳离子最高价态为4价, C3+和C2+的比值为1.1; 环己烯电离产物C3+和C2+ 的比值降低为0.6; 苯团簇的最高价态只有3价, C3+和C2+的比值约为0.4. 引起这种现象的原因可以归结于高的多光子电离效率会导致团簇多位点的电离, 引起团簇在电子加热到发生碰撞电离之前发生解离, 减小了团簇的尺寸, 进而减少了离子发生碰撞电离产生高价离子的反应时间, 最终阻碍了高价态离子的产生. 相似文献
14.
T. Döppner J. P. Müller A. Przystawik J. Tiggesbäumker K.-H. Meiwes-Broer 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2007,43(1-3):261-266
Silver clusters embedded in helium nanodroplets are
exposed to intense femtosecond laser pulses (1013 - 1016 W/cm2).
The signal of highly charged (q≤11) atomic fragments is maximized by
delayed plasmon enhanced ionization using stretched laser pulses. Further
details with respect to the dynamics of the charging process can be obtained,
when the intensity distribution within the laser focus is taken into
account. For the first time, the z-scan method is applied to clusters
which offers a route to investigate the explicit dependence of the ion signals
with respect to the laser intensity. By taking advantage of the volumetric
weighting effect ionization thresholds are determined, yielding values well
below 1014 W/cm2 for Agq+ ions with q≤11. 相似文献
15.
The dependence of multiply charged ions on laser ellipticity in methyl iodide clusters with 532 nm nanosecond laser was measured using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The intensities of multiply charged ions Iq+(q = 2–4) with circularly polarised laser pulse were clearly higher than those with linearly polarised laser pulse but the intensity of single charged ions I+ was inverse. And the dependences of ions on the optical polarisation state were investigated and a flower petal and square distribution for single charged ions (I+, C+) and multiply charged ions (I2+, I3+, I4+, C2+) were observed, respectively. A theoretical calculation was also proposed to simulate the distributions of ions and theoretical results fitted well with the experimental ones. It indicated that the high multiphoton ionisation probability in the initial stage would result in the disintegration of big clusters into small ones and suppress the production of multiply charged ions. 相似文献
16.
Titanium clusters are produced by laser vaporization of a metal wire in a helium gas pulse, stored in a Penning trap, size
selected and transformed into multiply charged anions by electron attachment. Both doubly and triply charged titanium clusters
are observed. For the first observation of photodetachment of electrons from metal cluster dianions, Ti
55
2-
clusters are selected and excited by a laser pulse, which leads to the emission of an excess electron: Ti
55
2-
→ e− + Ti
55
-
.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Boron isotopic enrichment is observed in the laser ablation of B4C target using nanosecond (ns) wide 532 nm laser beam of a Nd-YAG laser. B10/B11 ratio of 0.9 against the natural abundance of 0.25 is obtained at a laser power density of 8×108 W/cm2 (fluence of 6.4 J/cm2). The enrichment as a function of laser power density is demonstrated using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Apart from higher
enrichment factor, only singly charged ions are found in the laser plume from the B4C target, in contrast to the multiply charged ions from the BN target reported in a recent report using femtosecond (fs) laser
pulses. This study indicates the possibility of using less expensive, widely used ns lasers, which can also yield a higher
throughput per pulse than a fs laser for isotope enrichment.
Received: 28 September 2001 / Accepted: 4 February 2002 / Published online: 3 June 2002
RID="*"
ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +91-4114/480-065, E-mail: mj@igcar.ernet.in 相似文献