JFNK方法在SN输运计算中的应用

JFNK(Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov)方法是一种求解非线性方程的高效迭代算法。传统输运计算中的负通量修正与k-特征值迭代使得原本线性的输运计算转变为非线性问题数值求解。为提高非线性输运问题的计算效率,将这两类非线性问题离散成残差形式的非线性方程组,并采用JFNK方法对其进行迭代求解。分析不同约束条件对JFNK方法性能的影响,并将其与NK(Newton-Krylov)方法进行对比。针对JFNK方法的内迭代过程,分析两类子空间方法(GMRES(m)与LGMRES)对整体计算效率的影响。数值结果表明：①相比于传统的幂迭代方法,JFNK方法具有更高的计算效率;②Jacobian矩阵向量积的差分近似对结果没有影响,且基于物理的约束条件比标准的数学约束更加高效;③LGMRES可以充分利用子空间的信息,从而使得JFNK方法整体表现更加高效。     

预处理JFNK方法求解非平衡辐射扩散方程组

分别采用四种半隐式离散方法构造预处理.针对一维辐射扩散方程组,采用预处理的Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov(PJFNK)求解.数值结果表明预处理方法能够很好地改进JFNK方法的收敛行为.     

JFNK方法迭代过程与物理约束

对Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov(JFNK)方法迭代过程进行分析,通过在迭代过程中吸收物理约束信息,对JFNK方法进行改进.改进后的JFNK方法迭代过程中的迭代序列总是满足物理约束,克服了迭代过程中可能出现的非物理现象.采用改进之后的算法求解二维三温能量方程,可以保证在迭代过程中不会出现负温度问题,使JFNK方法的健壮性得到提高.     

JFNK在高温堆扩散计算中的应用

研究了JFNK框架下高温堆中子扩散问题的求解方法。研究结果表明,JFNK方法在求解与源迭代相同形式中子扩散方程时,相对残差下降趋势为逐渐加快并趋于稳定,有利于更高求解精度的实现。使用通量归一化附加方程可以获得更好的JFNK非线性迭代特性,但在算例中其部分牛顿修正方程求解时间偏多,总计算时间高于显式有效增殖系数附加方程法,需要研究更高效的JFNK预处理方法对线性求解环节进行改善。     

求解二维三温辐射扩散方程组的一种代数两层迭代方法

在二维三温辐射扩散方程离散代数方程组的求解中,由于光子、电子和离子温度之间存在耦合关系,而且三个温度在同种介质中有不同的扩散性质,使得经典的代数多重网格(AMG)方法难以直接应用.基于特殊粗化策略,在粗网格层解除了这种耦合关系,得到一种代数两层网格方法,而粗网格方程由经典AMG方法求解.将这一算法具体应用于JFNK(Jacobian自由的Newton-Krylov)框架中预处理方程的求解,并基于该框架求解二维三温辐射扩散方程组.数值结果显示了算法的可扩展性和健壮性.     

半导体器件数值模拟中电子连续性方程的求解算法

针对电子连续性方程的离散代数方程组,对离散线性系统的矩阵进行分析,得到矩阵的三类特点;针对大规模电子连续性方程的离散方程组,采用预处理Krylov子空间方法进行求解,并比较和分析几类预处理方法的效果。结果表明：代数多重网格(AMG)预处理Krylov子空间方法在求解离散电子连续性方程方面非常有效。开展AMG预处理Krylov子空间方法求解离散电子连续性方程的大规模并行可扩展性测试,比较和分析了AMG方法中三类关键算法参数的选取。     

基于节块展开法的Jacobian-Free Newton Krylov联立求解物理-热工耦合问题

目前反应堆物理热工耦合程序通常采用固定点迭代思路, 这可能导致部分工况收敛速度慢, 甚至出现不收敛的现象, 严重影响了计算效率. 基于此, 本文将高效的粗网节块展开法(NEM)与Jacobian-Free Newton-Krylov (JFNK)方法结合, 成功地开发出了一套新方法NEM_JFNK, 实现了联立求解物理热工耦合问题. 首先将NEM推广到热工问题的求解, 之后使用NEM来离散物理-热工耦合问题的所有控制方程, 使得所有变量都能在粗网格下进行离散, 从而大大减小求解问题的规模; 其次将NEM离散后的方程经过某些特殊的处理, 成功地嵌入JFNK的计算框架, 最终开发出了基于线性预处理的NEM_JFNK, 即LP_NEM_JFNK. 此外, 为了充分利用原有的迭代程序, 避免JFNK残差方程的重新建立, 本文还开发了无需重构残差方程的NEM_JFNK, 即NRC_NEM_JFNK, 并实现“黑箱”耦合. 文中以一维中子-热工模型为例, 给出LP_NEM_JFNK和NRC_NEM_JFNK数学模型, 并对计算结果进行分析. 结果表明:新方法无论是收敛速度还是计算效率都具有明显优势.     

一种新的重排方法在二维三温问题求解中的应用

针对二维三温问题离散化得到的稀疏线性方程组,提出一种新的重排技术(交替hyperplane重排),并结合ILU分解预条件技术,在Krylov子空间迭代法下进行测试.数值实验表明,在一定的填充模式及预处理消耗大致相同的前提下,使用交替hyperplane重排技术的迭代收敛效果明显优于红黑排序、hyperplane排序等方法.     

求解刚性燃烧化学反应系统的Krylov子空间中的指数积分法

为了提高求解大时间步长的刚性燃烧化学反应方程组的效率,本文发展了一种使用Krylov子空间中的指数积分(EIKS)求解的方法。该方法基于多时间尺度法(MTS),使用指数积分格式求解线性化后的化学反应方程组,并使用Krylov子空间方法进行矩阵降维。本文使用MTS-EIKS方法模拟了H_2/CO/空气和CH4/空气的自着火过程,并引入自相关动态自适应化学(CoDAC)机理简化。结果表明,CoDAC-MTS-EIKS的联合简化加速方法可以准确、快速地模拟时间步长为10~(-6)s的自着火问题,在计算大步长刚性燃烧化学反应方程组方面有很好的应用前景。     

Krylov子空间法在SIMPLER算法中的求解性能分析

本文开发了Krylov子空间法中的Bi-CGSTAB、GMRES(m)、CGS、TFQMR及QMR方法的计算程序,并将其实施于SIMPLER算法作为其内迭代方法,针对CFD/NHT领域的问题,研究了它们的求解特性;发现:Bi-CGSTAB方法有着高效的收敛速度和良好的稳定性;N-S方程求解中不同方程不同m值的协调选取是GMRES(m)方法在CFD/NHT领域推广应用的关键;CGS和QMR方法易于中断;TFQMR方法收敛速度慢于其他方法,但能适用于更广泛问题的求解.     

Implementation of the Jacobian-free Newton–Krylov method for solving the first-order ice sheet momentum balance

We have implemented the Jacobian-free Newton–Krylov (JFNK) method for solving the first-order ice sheet momentum equation in order to improve the numerical performance of the Glimmer-Community Ice Sheet Model (Glimmer-CISM), the land ice component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Our JFNK implementation is based on significant re-use of existing code. For example, our physics-based preconditioner uses the original Picard linear solver in Glimmer-CISM. For several test cases spanning a range of geometries and boundary conditions, our JFNK implementation is 1.8–3.6 times more efficient than the standard Picard solver in Glimmer-CISM. Importantly, this computational gain of JFNK over the Picard solver increases when refining the grid. Global convergence of the JFNK solver has been significantly improved by rescaling the equation for the basal boundary condition and through the use of an inexact Newton method. While a diverse set of test cases show that our JFNK implementation is usually robust, for some problems it may fail to converge with increasing resolution (as does the Picard solver). Globalization through parameter continuation did not remedy this problem and future work to improve robustness will explore a combination of Picard and JFNK and the use of homotopy methods.     

Parallel Jacobian-free Newton Krylov solution of the discrete ordinates method with flux limiters for 3D radiative transfer

The present study introduces a parallel Jacobian-free Newton Krylov (JFNK) general minimal residual (GMRES) solution for the discretized radiative transfer equation (RTE) in 3D, absorbing, emitting and scattering media. For the angular and spatial discretization of the RTE, the discrete ordinates method (DOM) and the finite volume method (FVM) including flux limiters are employed, respectively. Instead of forming and storing a large Jacobian matrix, JFNK methods allow for large memory savings as the required Jacobian-vector products are rather approximated by semiexact and numerical formulations, for which convergence and computational times are presented. Parallelization of the GMRES solution is introduced in a combined memory-shared/memory-distributed formulation that takes advantage of the fact that only large vector arrays remain in the JFNK process. Results are presented for 3D test cases including a simple homogeneous, isotropic medium and a more complex non-homogeneous, non-isothermal, absorbing–emitting and anisotropic scattering medium with collimated intensities. Additionally, convergence and stability of Gram–Schmidt and Householder orthogonalizations for the Arnoldi process in the parallel GMRES algorithms are discussed and analyzed. Overall, the introduction of JFNK methods results in a parallel, yet scalable to the tested 2048 processors, and memory affordable solution to 3D radiative transfer problems without compromising the accuracy and convergence of a Newton-like solution.     

Improving the numerical convergence of viscous-plastic sea ice models with the Jacobian-free Newton–Krylov method

We have implemented the Jacobian-free Newton–Krylov (JFNK) method to solve the sea ice momentum equation with a viscous-plastic (VP) formulation. The JFNK method has many advantages: the system matrix (the Jacobian) does not need to be formed and stored, the method is parallelizable and the convergence can be nearly quadratic in the vicinity of the solution. The convergence rate of our JFNK implementation is characterized by two phases: an initial phase with slow convergence and a fast phase for which the residual norm decreases significantly from one Newton iteration to the next. Because of this fast phase, the computational gain of the JFNK method over the standard solver used in existing VP models increases with the required drop in the residual norm (termination criterion). The JFNK method is between 3 and 6.6 times faster (depending on the spatial resolution and termination criterion) than the standard solver using a preconditioned generalized minimum residual method. Resolutions tested in this study are 80, 40, 20 and 10 km. For a large required drop in the residual norm, both JFNK and standard solvers sometimes do not converge. The failure rate for both solvers increases as the grid is refined but stays relatively small (less than 2.3% of failures). With increasing spatial resolution, the velocity gradients (sea ice deformations) get more and more important. Nonlinear solvers such as the JFNK method tend to have difficulties when there are such sharp structures in the solution. This lack of robustness of both solvers is however a debatable problem as it mostly occurs for large required drops in the residual norm. Furthermore, when it occurs, it usually affects only a few grid cells, i.e., the residual is small for all the velocity components except in very localized regions. Globalization approaches for the JFNK solver, such as the line search method, have not yet proven to be successful. Further investigation is needed.     

A fully second order implicit/explicit time integration technique for hydrodynamics plus nonlinear heat conduction problems

We present a fully second order implicit/explicit time integration technique for solving hydrodynamics coupled with nonlinear heat conduction problems. The idea is to hybridize an implicit and an explicit discretization in such a way to achieve second order time convergent calculations. In this scope, the hydrodynamics equations are discretized explicitly making use of the capability of well-understood explicit schemes. On the other hand, the nonlinear heat conduction is solved implicitly. Such methods are often referred to as IMEX methods [2], [1], [3]. The Jacobian-Free Newton Krylov (JFNK) method (e.g. [10], [9]) is applied to the problem in such a way as to render a nonlinearly iterated IMEX method. We solve three test problems in order to validate the numerical order of the scheme. For each test, we established second order time convergence. We support these numerical results with a modified equation analysis (MEA) [21], [20]. The set of equations studied here constitute a base model for radiation hydrodynamics.     

A New Generalized Riccati Equation Rational Expansion Method to Generalized Burgers-Fisher Equation with Nonlinear Terms of Any Order

In this paper, based on a new more general ansitz, a new algebraic method, named generalized Riccati equation rational expansion method, is devised for constructing travelling wave solutions for nonlinear evolution equations with nonlinear terms of any order. Compared with most existing tanh methods for finding travelling wave solutions, the proposed method not only recovers the results by most known algebraic methods, but also provides new and more general solutions. We choose the generalized Burgers-Fisher equation with nonlinear terms of any order to illustrate our method. As a result, we obtain several new kinds of exact solutions for the equation. This approach can also be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations with nonlinear terms of any order.     

A New Generalized Riccati Equation Rational Expansion Method to Generalized Burgers-Fisher Equation with Nonlinear Terms of Any Order

In this paper, based on a new more general ansatz, a new algebraic method, named generalized Riccati equation rational expansion method, is devised for constructing travelling wave solutions for nonlinear evolution equations with nonlinear terms of any order. Compared with most existing tanh methods for finding travelling wave solutions, the proposed method not only recovers the results by most known algebraic methods, but also provides new and more general solutions. We choose the generalized Burgers-Fisher equation with nonlinear terms of any order to illustrate our method. As a result, we obtain several new kinds of exact solutions for the equation. This approach can also be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations with nonlinear terms of any order.