交流电桥实验的计算机辅助分析

交流电桥实验的计算机辅助分析倪新蕾，潘元胜（南京大学物理系．２１０００８）交流电桥是测量交流元件的常用仪器，图１是测量电路，Ｚｘ为待测电抗元件的复阻抗，其平衡条件为：图１交流电桥众所周知，在交流电桥实验中，要使电桥完全调平衡是十分困难的，一般在平衡指...     

品质因数对薄膜体声波谐振器振荡器频率稳定度的影响北大核心CSCD

在薄膜体声波谐振器(FBAR)振荡器中,振荡器的有载品质因数(QL)和FBAR的品质因数(Q值)均与振荡器的频率稳定度有关。为了研究这两种品质因数对FBAR振荡器频率稳定度的影响,在COMSOL Multiphysics软件中建立了FBAR的多物理场模型,通过频域仿真和MBVD(Modified Butterworth-Van Dyke)模型参数拟合,得到了MBVD模型参数,并在ADS软件中建立了MBVD模型电路,通过S参数仿真结合求取Q值的Bode法得到了不同损耗对应的Q值;再建立基于Pierce架构的振荡器,通过谐波平衡仿真得到了相位噪声,通过分别改变QL和Q得到了二者对FBAR振荡器频率稳定度的影响。结果表明:频率稳定度随QL和Q的增大而增大,Q值随不同损耗的增大而减小。当FBAR的Q值低于338时,即使通过增大QL来提高频率稳定度,其效果也不佳,以此FBAR构成的振荡器将不能满足作为无线通信射频前端参考信号源或者FBAR传感器读出电路的要求。为FBAR参考信号源和FBAR传感器读出电路的设计提供了一定的参考。     

电容和电感正弦稳态电抗的直观解释

从电感器的储能原理及充放磁链出发,以RL电路为对象,采用一阶电路的求解方法,得到正负交替方波激励的稳态下,电感电流受抑制的强弱与频率的关系,并通过仿真实验予以验证.对电感在直流动态电路暂态中的表现和性质,与其在正弦交流电路稳态中的表现和性质,给出基于相同物理本质——储能和充放电——的解释.对理解和掌握储能元件正弦交流稳态电抗的概念,进而对正弦交流稳态电路的教和学,起到积极的辅助作用.     

分别平衡电阻和电抗分量的交流电桥

本文讨论交流电桥分别平衡原理.采用分相电路和双相敏检波电路,引入交流电桥等效电流概念,得出了分别平衡方程.由桥臂中可调电阻上引出相敏检波参考电压,在平衡过程中能自动跟踪相位变化,使电桥电阻分量和电抗分量可以分别平衡.一、引言交流电桥的平衡,可借助于指零器,用反复调节可变参数的方法来达到.这一过程往往是很长的,也是很费力的,要求操作者有一定的技巧和经验.当电桥收敛性很不好时,可能     

基于一阶广义忆阻器的文氏桥混沌振荡器研究

通过在文氏桥振荡器中引入广义忆阻器和LC吸收网络,提出了一种忆阻文氏桥混沌振荡器.建立了忆阻文氏桥混沌振荡器的动力学模型,研究了它的平衡点和稳定性,进一步开展了电路元件参数变化时的动力学行为分析.研究发现,忆阻文氏桥混沌振荡器有3个确定的平衡点,其稳定性取决于电路元件参数,当参数发生变化时,存在周期振荡、混沌振荡、快慢效应等复杂的非线性现象.实验电路简单易制作,实验波形和数值仿真一致,较好地验证了理论分析结果.     

基于反馈控制环路提高光电振荡器长期稳定性的方法

提出了一种基于反馈控制环路提高光电振荡器长期稳定性的方法.该方法用现场可编程门阵列和分频电路测量光电振荡器的信号频率,用光纤延迟线调节光电振荡器环路长度.对测量光电振荡器频率的分频方法的精确度进行了理论分析.基于单环结构的实验证明这种方法在有效提高光电振荡器的长期稳定性的同时不会降低系统的相位噪声性能,带有反馈控制环路的光电振荡器7小时的频率稳定性可以达到0.8ppm.     

四阶Colpitts混沌振荡器

提出了一种新的四阶Colpitts混沌振荡器.理论设计与电路实验表明,在三阶Colpitts混沌振荡器中的电感两端并联一个电容器C₃,可构建出一种四阶Colpitts混沌振荡器.当C₃的取值变化时,电路的谐振频率随之改变,从而使该振荡器经过倍周期分岔进入混沌状态.对四阶Colpitts混沌振荡器的平衡点、分岔和李氏指数等基本动力学问题进行了分析.最后通过数值仿真和电路实验证实了这一方法的可行性. 关键词： 四阶Colpitts混沌振荡器 混沌吸引子 电路实现     

忆阻混沌振荡器的动力学分析

忆阻器(memristor)是一种有记忆功能的非线性电阻器,它是除电阻器、电容器和电感器之外的第四种基本电路元件.采用一个具有光滑磁控特性曲线的忆阻器和一个负电导替换蔡氏振荡器中的蔡氏二极管,导出了一个基于忆阻器的振荡器电路.采用常规的动力学分析手段研究了电路参数和初始条件变化时该光滑忆阻振荡器的动力学特性.研究结果表明,光滑忆阻振荡器与一般的混沌系统完全不同,它的动力学行为除了与电路参数有关外,还极端依赖于电路的初始条件,存在瞬态混沌和状态转移等奇异的非线性物理现象.     

非共线相位匹配的参量增益分析

对非共线Ⅱ类相位匹配的ＫＴＰ飞秒光学参量振荡器进行了分析和理论研究，用数值方法得出参量增益的变化曲线和参量光的光强分布，与共线相位匹配相比，非共线方案具有更高的参量增益，更好的光束质量，特别适合飞秒光学参量的振荡器。     

高功率微波振荡器的相位控制

基于相对论返波管振荡器,提出了一种小信号牵引相位控制的方法,通过外加小信号对振荡器起振过程的引导,实现对输出微波的相位控制。相比于传统的方法,该方法可以利用ns量级的脉冲在较宽的带宽和较低的注入功率下实现对高功率微波振荡器的相位控制。在X波段相对论返波管振荡器相位控制实验中,利用百kW级的小信号,实现了对GW级高功率微波的输出相位控制,相位抖动小于±15°。     

Application of the energy balance method to nonlinear vibrating equations

In this paper, He’s energy balance method is applied to nonlinear vibrations and oscillations. The method is applied to four nonlinear differential equations. It has indicated that by utilizing He’s energy balance method (HEBM), just one iteration leads us to high accuracy of solutions. It has illustrated that the energy balance methodology is very effective and convenient and does not require linearization or small perturbation. Contrary to the conventional methods, in energy balance method, only one iteration leads to high accuracy of the solutions. The results reveal that the energy balance method is very effective and simple. It is predicted that the energy balance method can be found wide application in engineering problems, as indicated in following examples.     

THE GENERALIZED DETAILED BALANCE FOR MASTER EQUATION WITHOUT THE STRICT DETAILED BALANCE

The generalized detailed balance is revealed for one-dimensional many-step master equation without the strict detailed balance.To the leading order of the system-size the one and only one stationary solution is identified.     

Detailed balance and equilibrium

For classical lattice systems, an infinite set of jump-processes satisfying the condition of detailed balance is found. It is proved that any state invariant for these processes is an equilibrium state, providing a new characterization of DLR-states by means of the notion of detailed balance. This extends previous results, proved in one and two dimensions.     

Propagation-based incremental triangulation for multiple views 3D reconstruction

To balance the accuracy and efficiency in multiple-view triangulation with sequential images, a high-efficiency propagationbased incremental triangulation(INT) method, carving three-dimensional(3 D) scene points by updating the incoming feature track one by one without iterations, is proposed. Based on the INT method, a more accurate iteration-limited INT method is also established with few iterations to bound the propagated errors, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent3 D reconstruction. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methods can balance the efficiency and accuracy in different multiple-view INT situations.     

非线性孤子方程的齐次平衡法

齐次平衡法是求非线性孤子方程孤波解的一种十分有效的方法.对齐次平衡法的一些关键步骤进行拓广使用，获得了非线性孤子方程一批新的具有更为丰富形式的精确解，孤波解仅是其中的一种特殊情形，使得结果更加完美. 关键词：     

基于抑制性突触可塑性的反馈神经回路兴奋性与抑制性动态平衡

大脑皮层的兴奋性与抑制性平衡是维持正常脑功能的前提, 而其失衡会诱发癫痫、帕金森、抑郁症等多种神经疾病, 因此兴奋性与抑制性平衡的研究是脑科学领域的核心科学问题. 反馈神经回路是脑皮层网络的典型连接模式, 抑制性突触可塑性在兴奋性与抑制性平衡中扮演关键角色. 本文首先构建具有抑制性突触可塑性的反馈神经回路模型; 然后通过计算模拟研究揭示在抑制性突触可塑性的调控下反馈神经回路的兴奋性与抑制性可取得较高程度的动态平衡, 并且二者的平衡对输入扰动具有较强的鲁棒性; 其次给出了基于抑制性突触可塑性的反馈神经回路兴奋性与抑制性平衡机理的解释; 最后发现反馈回路神经元数目有利于提高兴奋性与抑制性平衡的程度, 这在一定程度上解释了为何神经元之间会存在较多的连接. 本文的研究对于理解脑皮层的兴奋性与抑制性动态平衡机理具有重要的参考价值.     

Some properties of Fokker-Planck equations with memory under detailed balance

Some properties of the Fokker-Planck equations with memory under the condition that detailed balance holds are discussed. The appropriate conditions which the drift and diffusion coefficients for a system in detailed balance should satisfy are obtained. The analysis is then restricted to a special class of Fokker-Planck equations namely the one studied previously by Zwanzig. Analog of Onsager's reciprocity relation is obtained and the eigenfunction expansion of the conditional probability is given. Finally the linear response theory of such systems is also briefly discussed.     

Equilibrium establishment kinetics for a heavy component in short thermionic discharges

The effect of the heavy component balance in a short Knudsen-type thermionic discharge initiated in cesium vapor is studied. Detailed measurements of the plasma parameters at the instant of discharge initiation and at switching from one quasi-stationary regime to another make it possible to elucidate the temporal hierarchy of processes responsible for the heavy component balance: ionization of atoms in the discharge gap up to an ultimate degree of plasma ionization, establishment of heavy particle-electrode equilibrium, and establishment of heavy particle-buffer volume equilibrium in the discharge gap (the last process is the slowest).     

Multisoliton Solutions of the (2+1)-Dimensional KdV Equation

Using the extension homogeneous balance method,we have obtained some new special types of soliton solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional KdV equation.Starting from the homogeneous balance method,one can obtain a nonlinear transformation to simple (2+1)-dimensional KdV equation into a linear partial differential equation and two bilinear partial differential equations.Usually,one can obtain only a kind of soliton-like solutions.In this letter,we find further some special types of the multisoliton solutions from the linear and bilinear partial differential equations.     

利用电子传输层掺杂改善有机发光器件的效率

利用BCP掺杂到电子传输层Alq中,在掺杂层中阻挡了空穴的迁移,调整了空穴和电子的平衡,将激子有效地限制在发光层中发光,从而增加有机电致发光器件的效率.器件的最大电流效率在外加电压9 V时达到4.1 cd/A(掺杂浓度8%时),与一般未掺杂器件相比效率提高了2倍多.同时也减少空穴到达阴极,而减少发光淬灭.