基于压缩感知的低压电力线载波通信信道估计

针对低压电力线通信环境多径干扰的特点,建立了正交频分复用的压缩感知信道估计模型,将信道估计转换为压缩感知理论中稀疏度未知的号重构问题,首次采用压缩感知的稀疏自适应匹配追踪方法重构出低压电力线载波通信多径信道的冲击响应;仿真表明与其它常用信道估计算法相比,所提出的压缩感知信道估计算法在频谱利用率以及估计性能方面比传统方法有显著提高,在未知稀疏度的情况下,为低压电力线载波通信系统提供了一种稳定、可行的信道估计方案。     

时变水声信道的动态压缩感知估计

水声多径信道具有的稀疏特性已被应用于设计稀疏估计方法提高信道估计性能。然而,水声信道具有的快速时变特性,给传统稀疏信道估计方法带来了很大的困难。考虑到水声信道除了高时变性多径,还存在着相对静止,缓慢变化的直达径或者海底反射径,通过将水声信道建模为由静态和时变稀疏支撑集组成,把时变水声信道估计转化为动态压缩感知问题。结合卡尔曼滤波和压缩感知理论,并采用原始对偶追踪算法求解Dantzig selector模型,从而实现对复数域基于卡尔曼滤波器的压缩感知稀疏求解问题的处理。信道时变条件下的数值仿真及基于信道估计的判决反馈均衡器的海上实验结果表明,该算法相对经典的正交匹配追踪和最小二乘QR分解算法具有较明显的性能改善。从而说明,通过对时变水声信道进行动态压缩感知估计可有效提高估计性能。     

混合稀疏水声信道的动态区分性压缩感知估计

由于水声传播过程中同时存在声信号直达、静态或动态边界反射的现象,水声信道会呈现不同动态特性的多径,形成具有混合稀疏的结构,即多径由静态或相对缓变的平稳多径分量和快速时变的动态多径分量混合组成。对于混合稀疏信道,经典的稀疏信道估计算法未考虑混合稀疏性,将导致算法失配、性能下降;以时变稀疏集为模型,动态压缩感知(DCS)结合卡尔曼滤波(KF-CS)可提高对时变多径分量的估计精度,但KF对静态稀疏分量的估计无法充分挖掘其稀疏性。通过将混合稀疏水声信道建模为由静态和时变支撑集所组成的稀疏集,提出一种动态区分性压缩感知(DDCS)方法。该算法首先结合同步正交匹配追踪(SOMP)和正交匹配追踪(OMP)将混合稀疏多径进行区分,分解为静态分量和时变分量;然后,分别用KF-CS和同步正交匹配追踪算法估计时变和静态多径的幅度;最后,将静态分量和时变分量的估计结果整合以得到整个水声信道的冲激响应。通过海试实验把所提DDCS算法与经典信道估计算法、压缩感知算法和DCS算法进行了比较,验证了所提算法的有效性。结果表明,对混合稀疏水声信道进行区分性稀疏估计可改善信道估计性能,进而可通过信道估计均衡器提升水声通信质量。      

水声多输入多输出信道的分布式压缩感知估计

多输入多输出技术通过采用多个阵元进行多发多收空间复用信道可在极其有限的通信带宽下实现高速水声通信,但由于同时存在通道间干扰和多径干扰,水声MIMO信道估计变得困难。提出利用MIMO水声信道多径稀疏结构存在的相关性,在经典联合稀疏模型的基础上对MIMO观测矩阵进行重组,从而建立基于分布式压缩感知的单载波水声MIMO通信信道联合稀疏模型;同时,针对信道响应中具有相同多径位置的稀疏部分和特有稀疏部分设计区分性正交匹配追踪算法进行联合重构,进一步抑制通道间干扰的影响。最后通过仿真和海上实验进行本方法有效性的验证,实现16 kbps的MIMO水声通信。通过算法推导、仿真和实验可得到结论:利用MIMO水声信道多径相关性进行分布式压缩感知估计可提高估计性能。     

水声多输入多输出信道的分布式压缩感知估计

多输入多输出技术通过采用多个阵元进行多发多收空间复用信道可在极其有限的通信带宽下实现高速水声通信,但由于同时存在通道间干扰和多径干扰,水声MIMO信道估计变得困难。提出利用MIMO水声信道多径稀疏结构存在的相关性,在经典联合稀疏模型的基础上对MIMO观测矩阵进行重组,从而建立基于分布式压缩感知的单载波水声MIMO通信信道联合稀疏模型;同时,针对信道响应中具有相同多径位置的稀疏部分和特有稀疏部分设计区分性正交匹配追踪算法进行联合重构,进一步抑制通道间干扰的影响。最后通过仿真和海上实验进行本方法有效性的验证,实现16 kbps的MIMO水声通信。通过算法推导、仿真和实验可得到结论:利用MIMO水声信道多径相关性进行分布式压缩感知估计可提高估计性能。      

基于压缩感知和粒子滤波的OFDM超宽信道估计

针对通信系统中的正交频分复用(Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM)超宽信道具有的稀疏多径和含噪声特征,将信道估计问题转换为稀疏信号的重构和优化问题,设计了一种基于压缩感知理论和粒子滤波的OFDM信道估计方法。首先定义和描述了OFDM数学模型;然后在对压缩感知理论模型研究的基础上,采用改进的正交匹配算法对OFDM超宽信道进行重构,为了进一步减少信道重构的误差,将由于正交匹配算法得到的重构信道作为初始的粒子,并将OFDM数学模型转换为动态参数模型,并通过粒子滤波来更新模型中的参数和频率响应,通过不断迭代获得信道的估计值。为了验证文中方法的优越性,将文中方法与经典的正交匹配算法与粒子滤波算法进行比较,结果表明：文中方法能有效地对含噪声的稀疏信号进行估计,具有较小的重构误差,且与其它方法相比,具有较小的归一化均方误差。     

基于DFT-SAMP算法的MIMO-VLC系统压缩感知信道估计

多输入多输出(Multiple-input-multiple-output,MIMO)可见光通信(Visible Light Communications,VLC)系统接收端需精确的信道状态信息用以解调信号，而常用的最小二乘算法对噪声敏感，估计误差较大，难以保证可靠性。基于信道稀疏特性，利用压缩感知方法进行MIMO-VLC信道估计，提出一种基于离散傅里叶变换(Discrete Fourier Transform,DFT)的稀疏度预测自适应匹配追踪(DFT Based Prediction-sparsity Adaptive Matching Pursuit,DFT-SAMP)算法。首先，通过DFT的稀疏度预测方法对信道冲激响应的稀疏度进行预估计，将估计的稀疏度作为算法初始步长，以快速逼近真实稀疏度，提高算法效率；其次，采用SAMP算法重构信道冲激响应，提高信道估计准确性，保证通信可靠性。基于2×2的MIMO-VLC系统信道估计实验结果表明，导频数为32时，本文算法相较于最小二乘算法在误码率满足前向纠错的误码率阈值(3.8×10^-3)时所需的信噪比降低4.5 dB；...     

块稀疏水声信道的改进压缩感知估计

压缩感知信道估计可利用信道稀疏特性提高估计性能,但对于具有典型块稀疏分布的水声信道,经典的l₀或l₁范数无法很好地描述块稀疏特性。利用水声信道块稀疏分布规律特性提出一种能够识别块稀疏结构的块稀疏似零范数,并在稀疏恢复信道估计算法中引入块稀疏似零范数约束项,进一步推导了复数域块稀疏似零范数恢复迭代算法,该算法通过对块稀疏似零范数进行梯度下降迭代并将梯度解投影至解空间来获得水声信道的块稀疏似零范数估计。数值仿真和海上水声通信实验结果表明该算法相对经典的稀疏信道估计算法有较明显的性能改善。通过算法推导、仿真和实验可获取结论:利用水声信道的块稀疏特性进行压缩感知重构可有效提高信道估计性能。      

基于主成分变换的图像稀疏度估计方法

压缩感知理论基于信号的稀疏性和可压缩性, 突破传统Nyquist采样频率的限制, 以较低的数据量对信号进行采样和高概率重构. 在压缩感知理论中, 信号的稀疏度确定了稀疏采样的最低数据量, 是验证采样方法及重构方法优劣的重要参数. 在实际研究过程中, 图像稀疏度通常未知, 这就可能导致过采样或欠采样的情况, 从而无法验证采样方法及重构方法的优劣. 因此, 快速而客观地估计图像的稀疏度对于压缩感知理论研究来说意义重大. 本文分析了基于小波变换的图像稀疏化表示方法, 通过遍历采样和重构得到基于小波变换方法的图像稀疏度, 但过程复杂, 而且结果的准确性依赖于小波基和变换尺度的选择. 本文通过压缩感知理论对主成分变换进行阐述, 在基于主成分变换系数近似为正态函数的假设下, 建立了图像稀疏度与系数函数方差间的线性关系, 并通过多组图像数据进行仿真验证, 结果表明线性关系的正确性. 通过分析和仿真可以看出, 基于主成分变换的稀疏度估计方法比小波变换简单、快速、客观, 对压缩感知理论研究有重要的应用价值. 关键词： 压缩感知 稀疏度 小波变换 主成分变换     

深海远程正交频分复用水声通信簇约束的分布式 压缩感知信道估计*

在深海远程正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)水声通信中,信道时延较长,导致信道频率选择性衰落严重,传统的压缩感知信道估计算法性能大幅下降。为此,本文利用深海远程信道在一定时间内具有相关性并呈较稳定簇状分布的特点,在分布式压缩感知信道估计中引入簇区域信息,进行簇约束的多数据块联合稀疏信道估计,提出一种簇约束的分布式压缩感知信道估计方法,并在深海开展了定点远程水声通信实验进行验证,实验结果表明,与传统的分布式压缩感知信道估计算法相比,本方法的能够降低50%左右的误码率。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.