氟苯-水体系界面不稳定现象

以乙醇、正丁醇和聚乙烯醇为水相表面活性剂,采用悬滴法测定了氟苯-水溶液体系的界面张力,观测了氟苯-水溶液体系的界面。实验结果表明:氟苯和去离子水相互饱和,氟苯-水体系界面清晰,氟苯液滴的形态和大小不发生变化;体系中界面张力与溶液中表面活性剂浓度间的关系遵守Langmuir-Szyszkowski方程;Sternling和Scriven的界面稳定性判据适用于实验中的氟苯-水体系的界面稳定性判定。     

表面活性剂浓度对球形气泡界面和尾流的影响

发展了一种研究气泡界面污染程度的数值模型,并用其对流场中不同表面活性剂浓度下、上浮气泡的界面参量和周围流场进行了模拟研究。该模型假设吸附于气泡界面的表面活性剂分布在毗邻气液界面的薄吸附层中,且气泡界面上表面活性剂的吸附与解吸过程也发生于此;界面切应力为界面浓度的函数。研究发现:气泡界面的流动性会因表面活性剂的吸附而降低,该现象会增大气泡周围流域中切向速度在界面法向上的变化量,从而对界面性质和周围流场产生影响;由于对流的作用和吸附-解吸动态平衡的存在,气泡前部界面不完全干净,且受污染界面的流动性也不完全为零。     

基于液滴界面不稳定性的表面粗糙聚合物微球的制备及其细胞捕获应用

具有不同组成和形态的聚合物颗粒近来受到越来越多的关注,它们的表面粗糙度显著影响着其理化性能,尤其在调节生物材料与生物系统间的相互作用中发挥着重要作用.本文设计了一种具有表面可调褶皱结构的聚苯乙烯微球.首先通过微流控装置产生尺寸均一的含有疏水聚合物和助表面活性剂的液滴.在有机溶剂的挥发过程中,不断收缩的液滴出现界面不稳定现象.表面面积自发增大,固化后得到表面具有褶皱的微球.研究结果表明,调节助表面活性剂的浓度以及溶剂挥发速率均可以有效调控微球表面粗糙程度.循环肿瘤细胞捕获实验表明,这种褶皱结构能明显增强细胞黏附力,提高细胞捕获量.以上这些特征表明这种表面褶皱微球将在生物医学分析领域具备良好的应用前景.     

离子液体阳离子在空气/[bmim][BF4]水溶液界面的取向和结构

采用和频振动光谱研究了空气/[bmim][BF₄]低浓度水溶液界面的取向结构. 研究发现,在体相浓度非常低时,丁基链具有较大的旁式扭曲,表明此时的取向比较无序;阳离子咪唑环则采取一个较小的取向角. 随着浓度的升高,阳离子咪唑环趋向平躺在界面. 由于链-链相互作用,此时丁基链的旁式扭曲也减小,说明界面分子的取向变得有序. 进一步研究发现,PPP和SPS光谱上甲基反对称的峰存在位移,表明界面丁基链上的甲基存在不同取向或具有不同的化学环境.结果有助于从微观层次理解水溶性离子液体和基于咪唑的表面活性剂在界面上的物理化学行为.     

全息聚合物弥散液晶器件电光特性的研究

研究了全息聚合物弥散液晶(HPDLC)器件的电光特性，研究了添加不同表面活性剂对聚合物界面对液晶的锚定能的影响机理，寻求到了低工作电压的实现方法. 分析了聚合物基体与液晶折射率不匹配性对器件对比度的影响，测量了HPDLC器件的响应时间和弛豫时间，得到了平均100μs的快速响应. 关键词： 全息聚合物弥散液晶 电光特性 表面活性剂 对比度 响应时间     

α-烯烃减阻聚合物隔离包覆中吸附过程的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法,在α-烯烃聚合物颗粒聚氨酯类隔离体包覆机理的基础上,对α-烯烃减阻聚合物隔离包覆过程所涉及的吸附过程进行了研究. 结果表明,不同表面活性剂与同一多元羟基化合物、不同多元羟基化合物与同一表面活性剂相互之间的作用类似,呈现出吸附分布程度不同、与颗粒表面接近程度不一的现象,通过模拟给出了接近程度的顺序;包覆过程中进行的加成聚合反应其控制步骤为吸附传质过程,多元羟基化合物的分布离颗粒表面越近,越利于其与异氰酸酯在表面进行反应,模拟结果给出了表面活性剂和多元羟基化合物的选择配伍关系.     

氧等离子体处理对纳米二氧化硅溶胶涂覆高强、高模聚乙烯纤维拉伸性能的影响

基于艾琳方程,提出用于定量分析纤维表面和纳米涂覆层间的纳米界面结构的理论模型.实验结果表明,纤维高分子链段受力塑性变形时,纳米界面结构内纳米微粒阻碍其形貌变化产生热激活体积,该热激活体积是纳米界面结构性能的重要表征;氧等离子体处理对纳米二氧化硅溶胶涂覆高强、高模聚乙烯纤维有增韧作用.由不同处理样品的扫描电子显微镜图片和傅里叶变换红外光谱曲线对比分析可知,经氧等离子体处理纳米二氧化硅溶胶涂覆高强、高模聚乙烯纤维的纳米涂覆层纳米颗粒分布均匀,纳米颗粒还填补纤维表面微观缺陷,活性官能团被引入到纤维表面. 关键词： 激活体积 氧等离子体 高强、高模聚乙烯纤维 纳米界面结构     

表面单分子膜的垂悬液滴方法研究

提出一种扩展或收缩气/液界面单分子层的分子密度，用荧光成像技术检测单分子层的扩展或收缩效果的新方法——垂悬液滴分析方法-此方法通过改变液滴体积，对液滴界面上的表面活性剂分子实施扩展和收缩，具有Langmuir-Blodgett(LB槽)的功能-对表面活性剂荧光分子，用液滴的激光感生荧光图像，可以实时测量液滴界面的相对分子密度变化；用偏振荧光分析技术，可获取荧光偶极矩在液滴界面的相对取向-对罗丹明(B)表面活性剂分子ODRB的实验结果表明：1) 表面单分子层分子密度在压缩过程中遵循σ/σ_{0关键词：}     

双子表面活性剂的NMR研究现状与展望

双子表面活性剂是一类新型的表面活性剂, 其分子由化学键通过联接基团将两个单链表面活性剂的离子头联接构成. 由于其结构的特殊性, 使其具有特殊的性质, 如高表面活性, 特殊的聚集形态等. 多年来的研究结果表明, 联接基团的结构和长度对双子表面活性剂的活性影响最大. 与其它研究手段相比, NMR在从分子水平上研究双子表面活性剂溶液中胶束的形成以及自聚集状态, 有着独特的优势.     

不同Te源和表面活性剂对水热法合成Bi_2Te_3纳米粉体形貌的影响（英文）

采用水热法合成了具有不同形貌的热电合金材料Bi_2Te_3纳米粉体.讨论了不同Te源和表面活性剂对Bi_2Te_3纳米粉体形貌的影响.纳米粉体通过XRD衍射仪分析物相,扫描电镜分析其表面形貌.通过改变Te源和表面活性剂得到了了纳米颗粒、纳米线、纳米片和花状团簇等不同的形貌.讨论了不同Te源和表面活性剂下Bi_2Te_3纳米结构可能的成核和生长机理.     

Development of a highly sensitive analytical technique for surfactants by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

We have developed a highly sensitive analytical technique for detecting the distribution of surfactants existing on a polymer surface. We studied the chemical modification of surfactants with the hydroxyl group by using amine-containing compounds in the gaseous phase at 23 °C; then, we performed measurements by using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). We found that 4-(dimethylamino) phenyl isocyanate as a modification reagent is capable of modifying the hydroxyl group when 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU) is used as a catalytic agent. We demonstrated this modification with stearyl alcohol on a polymer material surface. The signal sensitivity of stearyl alcohol after the modification increased considerably in comparison with that of the unmodified stearyl alcohol. Moreover, we confirmed that this modification method can be used for the distribution analysis of surfactants. The distribution conditions of traces of surfactants with the hydroxyl group can be observed clearly by using this modification method.     

Sonochemical degradation of surfactants with different charge types: Effect of the critical micelle concentration in the interfacial region of the cavity

Ionic surfactants tend to accumulate in the interfacial region of ultrasonic cavitation bubbles (cavities) because of their surface active properties and because they are difficult to evaporate in cavitation bubbles owing to their extremely low volatilities. Hence, sonolysis of ionic surfactants is expected to occur in the interfacial region of the cavity. In this study, we performed sonochemical degradation of surfactants with different charge types: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, and nonionic. We then estimated the degradation rates of the surfactants to clarify the surfactant behavior in the interfacial region of cavitation bubbles. For all of the surfactants investigated, the degradation rate increased with increasing initial bulk concentration and reached a maximum value. The initial bulk concentration to obtain the maximum degradation rate had a positive correlation with the critical micelle concentration (cmc). The initial bulk concentrations of the anionic surfactants were lower than their cmcs, while those of the cationic surfactants were higher than their cmcs. These results can be explained by the negatively charged cavity surface and the effect of the coexisting counterions of the surfactants.     

Role of oxygen functional groups for structure and dynamics of interfacial water on low rank coal surface: a molecular dynamics simulation

Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to study the effects of oxygen functional groups for structure and dynamics properties of interfacial water molecules on the subbituminous coal surface. Because of complex composition and structure, the graphite surface modified by hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl groups was used to represent the surface model of subbituminous coal according to XPS results, and the composing proportion for hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl is 25:3:5. The hydration energy with ?386.28 kJ/mol means that the adsorption process between water and coal surface is spontaneous. Density profiles for oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms indicate that the coal surface properties affect the structural and dynamic characteristics of the interfacial water molecules. The interfacial water exhibits much more ordering than bulk water. The results of radial distribution functions, mean square displacement and local self-diffusion coefficient for water molecule related to three oxygen moieties confirmed that the water molecules prefer to absorb with carboxylic groups, and adsorption of water molecules at the hydroxyl and carbonyl is similar.     

Surface characterisation of carbon fibre recycled using fluidised bed

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the surface of carbon fibres recycled using a high-temperature fluidised bed. The interfacial shear strength of the recycled carbon fibres with epoxy resin was examined using a micro-droplet test. The corresponding as received carbon fibres were used as control samples. It was shown that the recycling process converted some of the surface hydroxyl groups into carbonyl and carboxylic groups due to the effect of heat in atmosphere of air. The overall O/C ratio was not changed significantly. The interfacial shear strength with epoxy resin was not affected by the change of surface oxygen composition. It was also shown that surface texture may play a dominant role in interfacial bonding performance.     

Sonolysis of surfactants in aqueous solutions: an accumulation of solute in the interfacial region of the cavitation bubbles

The sonolysis of surfactants (such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), and polyethylene glycol monostearate), sodium 4-toluenesulfonate (STS), and 1-hexanol in aqueous solutions was investigated under an argon atmosphere with ultrasound of 200 kHz in order to compare the scavenging efficiency of the hydroxyl radical and the accumulation in the gas-liquid interfacial region of the cavitation bubbles. The degradation rate of the solute follows the order 1-hexanol > DBS and SDS > STS. The scavenging efficiency of the hydroxyl radical by non-volatile surfactants was much greater than that of the non-volatile and hydrophilic solute (e.g., STS). The surfactant was accumulated in a relatively high ratio in the interfacial region. The degradation of surfactants occurred by reaction with the hydroxyl radical and also by pyrolysis at high temperature. On the other hand, STS, due to its non-volatile and hydrophilic properties, was principally present in the bulk solution and the degradation by pyrolysis was not observed at the investigated concentration ranges.     

Addition of surfactants in ozonated water cleaning for the suppression of functional group formation and particle adhesion on the SiO2 surface

Various kinds of surfactants were added to a cleaning solution and deionized (DI) water, and their effect on the suppression of organic function group formation and particle adhesion to a SiO₂ surface was analyzed using multi-internal reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results implied that attached organic functional groups are affected by the chemical structure of a surfactant in DI water. Furthermore, the addition of anionic glycolic acid ethoxylate 4-tert-butylphenyl ether (GAE4E) is the most effective in terms of preventing organic group attachment and particle adhesion to the SiO₂ surface, whether it was added to the cleaning solution or post-cleaning rinse water, with or without polystyrene latex particles. Moreover, it was possible to completely prevent particle adhesion to the SiO₂ surface with the proper addition of GAE4E in DIO₃ solution.     

Phase-transfer catalysis and ultrasonic waves II: saponification of vegetable oil.

Saponification of oils which is a commercially important heterogeneous reaction, can be speeded up by the application of ultrasound in the presence of phase-transfer catalyst (PTC). This paper focuses on the ability of ultrasound to cause efficient mixing of this liquid-liquid heterogeneous reaction. Castor oil was taken as a model oil and the kinetic of the reaction was followed by the extent of saponification. The hydrolysis of castor oil was carried out with different PTC such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride (BTAC) and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) in aqueous alkaline solution. As hydroxyl anion moves very slowly from aqueous to oil phase, the presence of a PTC is of prime importance. For this purpose, cationic surfactants are selected. The sonication of biphasic system were performed by 20 kHz (simple horn and cup horn) and 900 kHz. It was found that CTAB was better than the two others and this could be related to the molecular structure of the PTCs. The effect of temperature was also studied on the saponification process. By increasing the temperature, the yield was also increased and this could be explained by intermolecular forces, interfacial tension and mass transfer. Saponification of three different vegetable oils shows that the almond oil is saponified easier than the two others and this could be related to their properties such as surface tension, viscosity and density.     

Enhancement in Magnetorheological Effect of Magnetorheological Elastomers by Surface Modification of Iron Particles

为了研制具有高磁流变效应的磁流变弹性体,从新的化学修饰的角度制备了各向异性的橡胶基磁流变弹性体. 阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂和复合表面活性剂等三种不同类型的表面活性剂分别用于修饰铁颗粒. 使用力磁耦合动态测试仪测量磁流变弹性体的动态剪切模量,并计算材料的磁流变效应. 测试结果表明,当Span 80的含量为15%时,材料的相对磁流变效应可达到188%,除了表面活性外,Span 80的增塑效应也有利于相对磁流变效应的增加. 当使用具有强表面活性的复合表面活性剂修饰铁颗粒时,用量只需0.4%,便可使相对     

Influence of nano-SiO2 on dilational viscoelasticity of liquid/air interface of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide

An investigation was reported on the interfacial rheology of nano-SiO₂ dispersions in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The interfacial dilational viscoelasticity had been measured as a function of the nano-particle concentration. The properties of the interface were affected by different processes such as the surfactants adsorption at the liquid or at the particle interfaces. It was found that the influence of nano-SiO₂ particles on the interfacial properties was evident and complex. The property of SiO₂ particles would change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic when CTAB molecules absorbed at their surface. The reorganization of surfactants and the participation of hydrophobic SiO₂ at the surface were offered to explain the process. In particular, the interaction between surfactants and particles, and the transfer of particles from bulk to the surface played an important role in changing the properties of the interface.