囚禁N2+离子的冷却实验

在Paul 阱中,开展了N2+离子电阻冷却和缓冲气体冷却实验。用抛出检测法精确测量离子信号的变化,提高了测量电阻冷却效果的灵敏度;用改变囚禁势的方法,测出了冷却离子的温度,观察到冷却离子的囚禁时间增加和速度分布范围减小的现象。     

Paul阱中离子云囚禁时间的分析

结合缓冲气体Ｈｅ对囚禁离子云Ｎ＾＋２的冷却实验结果，给出了在综合考虑射频加热和缓冲气体冷却效应情形下，阱中囚禁离子数随时间变化的理论模型。讨论了Ｐａｕｌ阱中的加热数，γ，离子云温度Ｔ，随机为力涨落Ｄ等参数对囚禁时间的影响。     

可扩展的用于量子信息处理的刻槽平面离子芯片设计

研究设计了一个有效的可扩展的二维刻槽离子芯片。为了减少激光在离子芯片表面的散射,使被囚禁离子更加稳定,并使激光容易控制和探测成行的被囚禁离子,在每两个平行的射频电极中间刻槽使冷却光和探测光路径可穿过芯片。把控制离子运动的直流电极跟射频电极分开,减轻了不同电压对被囚禁离子的干扰,改进了对离子的控制。用有限元分析的方法对芯片表面上方的电势分布做了计算模拟。模拟结果表明,在这种新型的刻槽可扩展芯片上可以生成一个可扩展的离子阱阵列。这种结构提供了一个新颖的刻槽二维平面离子芯片,被囚禁其上的线形离子阵列可用来进行大型的量子信息处理。     

相干时间超过10 min的单离子量子比特

能够长时间储存量子信息的量子存储设备是实现大规模量子计算和量子通信的基本要素.与其他量子计算平台相比,囚禁离子系统的优势之一在于具有很长的相干时间.此前,基于囚禁离子的单量子比特相干时间不到1 min.研究发现,在囚禁离子系统中,限制量子比特相干时间的主要因素是运动能级加热和环境噪声,其中后者包含环境磁场涨落和微波相位噪声.在同时囚禁171Yb+离子和138Ba+离子的混合囚禁系统中,通过实施协同冷却和动力学解耦,可以实现相干时间超过10 min的单离子量子比特.这一技术有望用于实现量子密码学和搭建混合量子计算平台.     

Paul阱中3—20个离子的有序构形

用分子动力学方法和ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ方法相结合，模拟了Ｐａｕｌ阱中离子体系的阻尼冷却，系统地得到了３～２０个离子的有序构形。结果表明：离子的晶相结构随着离子数目的增加呈现出有规律的变化；同时，晶相结构的有序构形与囚禁场的赝势阱形状具有几何相似性的关联。     

联合阱中稳定囚禁离子的实验研究

实验观察到了小型联合阱稳定囚禁离子的射频信号增强现象，并以此对联合阱囚禁离子的特性进行了讨论；同时，通过实验检测到的稳定囚禁离子的工作点范围与磁场强度的关系，在一定程度上验证了联合阱囚禁离子稳定区随磁场强度的变化趋势。     

Paul阱中199 Hg+离子囚禁与射频共振检测

射频囚禁源作为Paul阱实验装置重要部分之一,对离子的囚禁性能影响很大. 为了满足离子囚禁稳定性以及提高离子囚禁势阱深度,设计和制作出两套囚禁离子的射频源和射频共振吸收检测电路. 利用不同频率的射频源及相应检测电路在双曲线型离子阱实验装置中成功地囚禁了¹⁹⁹Hg⁺和N⁺₂离子得到了它们的射频共振吸收信号.     

全光学冷却与囚禁133Cs原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的可能性

综述了近年来有关蒸发冷却¹³³Cs原子样品的实验进展,分析了磁囚禁¹³³Cs原子玻色爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)的困难,并在此基础上提出了一个全光型冷却与囚禁¹³³Cs原子BEC的新方案.该方案主要由一个来自半导体激光(λ=0852μm)的倒金字塔形中空光束重力光学囚禁(pyramidal-hollow-beam gravito-optical trap,缩写为PHB GOT)和一个来自Ar⁺激光(λ=05013μm)的圆锥形中空光束重力光学囚禁(conical-hollow-beam gravito-optical trap,缩写为CHB GOT)组成.在PHB GOT中,冷原子经历了一个有效的中空光束感应的Sisyphus冷却(也即强度梯度冷却)和抽运光感应的几何冷却,原子温度将被从磁光囚禁(MOT)温度(约为60μK)冷却至几个光子反冲极限(约为2μK);而在Ar⁺中空光束囚禁(CHB GOT)中,冷原子将被Raman冷却或速度选择相干粒子数囚禁技术(velocity-selection coherent population trap,缩写为VSCPT)进一步冷却至光子反冲极限以下,并被激光频率高于原子共振频率的(也即蓝失谐的)covering光束压缩.我们就PHB冷却的动力学过程进行了Monte-Carlo模拟,并计算了Ar⁺中空光束囚禁¹³³Cs原子的光学势.研究结果表明,实现一个全光学冷却与囚禁的¹³³Cs原子BEC是可能的 关键词： 倒金字塔型中空光束重力光学囚禁 强度梯度冷却 氩离子中空光束囚禁 喇曼冷却 铯原子BEC     

Paul阱中囚禁离子质心运动量子态的压缩效应

文章研究Ｐａｕｌ阱中被囚禁离子才动量在奇偶相干的的压缩性质。研究结果表明，囚禁离子不仅有二阶压缩效应，而且有高阶压缩效应，本文具体给出了囚禁离子的位置和动量在奇偶相干态中的二阶和四阶压缩条件及压缩曲线。     

驻波激光场中囚禁离子内外自由度熵的演化特性

从描述囚禁离子与驻波激光场相互作用的Jaynes-Cummings（J-C）模型出发,导出了囚禁离子谐振动单量子共振激发相互作用的非线性J-C模型。通过求解这一模型下系统态和离子系统熵的演化规律,数值研究了囚禁离子的熵演化与Lamb-Dick参数  、离子在驻波激光场中的位置以及初始声子强度之间的关系。结果表明,离子熵的演化呈现非周期性的振荡。随着参数  的增大,囚禁离子熵演化的振荡频率变大,囚禁离子内外自由度退纠缠的时间变短。当离子质心的位置从驻波激光场的波节移向波腹,囚禁离子熵演化的振荡频率变小,离子与声子自由度退纠缠的时间变长。如果初始声子场强度较小,离子熵随时间的演化强烈地表现为不规则的振荡,且振荡频率较大;随着初始声子场强度变大,离子熵的演化类似于J-C模型中的场熵演化,不规则的振荡频率逐渐变小。     

Tapered laser cooling of stored coasting ion beams

We propose a scheme for tapered laser cooling of coasting ion beams in storage rings. Tapered cooling has recently been shown to be crucial for attaining crystalline ion beams. The scheme proposed here, based on a relative displacement of a co- and a counterpropagating Gaussian laser beam, gives a radial variation in the equilibrium velocities to which particles are cooled. The variation is approximately linear in a relatively large range transverse to the laser beams. Expressions for the spatially dependent equilibrium velocities and the range of the tapered cooling forces are derived. We discuss the dependence on laser beam parameters as well as the limitations of this cooling scheme.     

超强激光与固体气体复合靶作用产生高能氦离子

激光氦离子源产生的MeV能量的氦离子因有望用于聚变反应堆材料辐照损伤的模拟研究而得到关注.目前激光驱动氦离子源的主要方案是采用相对论激光与氦气射流作用加速高能氦离子,但这种方案在实验上难以产生具有前向性和准单能性、数MeV能量、高产额的氦离子束,而这些氦离子束特性是材料辐照损伤研究中十分关注的.不同于上述激光氦离子产生方法,我们提出了一种利用超强激光与固体-气体复合靶作用产生氦离子的新方法.利用这种方法,在实验上,采用功率密度5×10~(18)W/cm~2的皮秒脉宽的激光脉冲与铜-氦气复合靶作用,产生了前向发射的2.7 MeV的准单能氦离子束,能量超过0.5 MeV的氦离子产额约为10~(13)/sr.二维粒子模拟显示,氦离子在靶背鞘场加速和类无碰撞冲击波加速两种加速机理共同作用下得到加速.同时粒子模拟还显示氦离子截止能量与超热电子温度成正比.     

电泳式He-Sr+复合激光特性研究

设计制作了7mm内径和38cm有效激励长度的电泳式He-Sr⁺激光管,采用修饰Blumlein电路,通过纵向高重复率脉冲放电激励,实现了一价锶离子复合激光430.5nm和R-M跃迁激光1.03μm的同时振荡,其中复合激光占主要成分.测量分析了复合激光输出功率与工作参量(脉冲频率,充电电源电压和氦压)的关系曲线.获得了最大激光功率819mW和56mW/cm³功率密度的实验结果. 关键词： 锶离子激光 电泳 脉冲放电     

Development Towards a Laser Ion Source Trap for the Production of Exotic Species

A new type of resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS) is presently being developed and tested at the off-line mass separator at Mainz University for future use at on-line exotic rare isotopes production facilities. For highest isobaric selectivity, this RILIS approach decouples the evaporation and ionization process. A further advantage is the generation of full temporal control of the resulting high quality ion beam. These facts are realized by a combination of atomizer – ion repeller – ion cooler and trap, which is operated together with a state-of-the-art, all solid state laser system. The principle and performance of this laser ion source trap (LIST) system are discussed applying simulation studies for the repeller-trap combination and first measurements for characterization.     

The Effect of Pre-plasma and Self-focusing on Characteristics of Laser Produced Ions

Generation of various ion groups was studied using lasers of different pulse length and intensities. Up to thirteen ion subgroups have been distinguished when using the PALS iodine laser system in experiments that involve a laser interaction with a preformed plasma. In addition to generally accepted thermal, fast, and slow ion groups, the existence of the second fast (superfast) group was clearly proven. The threshold laser intensity I _L necessary fo appearance of nonlinear effects was confirmed to be × 10¹⁴W/cm² at our experimental conditions. Above this value, there exists an interval of laser focus positions in front of the target in which ions with significantly higher charge states and energies are produced, compared to experiments without pre-plasma interactions, due to nonlinear processes in preformed plasma.     

离子束清洗在激光薄膜中的应用

介绍了在激光薄膜中End Hall型离子源离子束清洗的应用。通过实验验证了基片的二次污染和离子束的清洗效果,观测了离子束清洗前后基片的表面形貌变化。研究了用离子束清洗基片时对薄膜抗激光损伤阈值的作用。分析了用离子束清洗基片时其基片表面的性质,如清洁度、表面能、接触角、表面形貌的变化机理。指出了杂质微粒的去除和附着力的增加是如何使薄膜抗激光损伤阈值显著提高的。     

腔靶离子发射特性实验

在ICF总体实验中,用法拉第杯首次测量了腔靶离子飞行时间谱,相应得到飞行速度谱,进而得到腔靶内爆区的快离子特性。实验表明,腔靶等离子体从飞散速度上分三四群,不象平面靶分快慢两群。同时确认在间接驱动靶内爆区存在着从源区进入的速度高达10~8cm/s的快离子,对高效爆聚具有破坏性。     

Upgrade to the IGISOL laser ion source towards spectroscopy on Tc

A new method of optical pumping has been applied to increase the power of the Ti:Sapphire laser system of the FURIOS laser ion source, Jyväskylä. This upgrade has led to a factor of two improvement in the output power, and has been directly employed in the first off-line laser ionisation tests on the long-lived refractory isotope ⁹⁹Tc. In the future further studies will be done to determine the efficiency of this ionisation scheme and to employ it for on-line experiments.     

Development of a RILIS ionisation scheme for gold at ISOLDE, CERN

At the ISOLDE on-line isotope separation facility, the resonance ionisation laser ion source (RILIS) can be used to ionise reaction products as they effuse from the target. The RILIS process of laser step-wise resonance ionisation of atoms in a hot metal cavity provides a highly element selective stage in the preparation of the radioactive ion beam. As a result, the ISOLDE mass separators can provide beams of a chosen isotope with greatly reduced isobaric contamination. With the addition of a new three-step ionisation scheme for gold, the RILIS is now capable of ionising 26 of the elements. The optimal scheme was determined during an extensive study of the atomic energy levels and auto-ionising states of gold, carried out by means of in-source resonance ionisation spectroscopy. Details of the ionisation scheme and a summary of the spectroscopy study are presented.     

Laser-driven generation of fast particles

The great progress in high-peak-power laser technology has resulted recently in the production of ps and subps laser pulses of PW powers and relativistic intensities (up to 10²¹ W/cm²) and has laid the basis for the construction of multi-PW lasers generating ultrarelativistic laser intensities (above 10²³ W/cm²). The laser pulses of such extreme parameters make it possible to produce highly collimated beams of electrons or ions of MeV to GeV energies, of short time durations (down to subps) and of enormous currents and current densities, unattainable with conventional accelerators. Such particle beams have a potential to be applied in numerous fields of scientific research as well as in medicine and technology development. This paper is focused on laser-driven generation of fast ion beams and reviews recent progress in this field. The basic concepts and achievements in the generation of intense beams of protons, light ions, and multiply charged heavy ions are presented. Prospects for applications of laser-driven ion beams are briefly discussed.