前置超光谱成像变焦系统的设计

设计了一种前置超光谱成像变焦系统,其工作谱段在400～1 000 nm,F数为3.5～5.6,在焦距28 mm和80 mm处的全视场分别为7.88°和2.76°.前置超光谱成像变焦系统与传统变焦系统主要有两点不同:第一、由于该超光谱系统应用声光可调滤光器元件分光,更加关心分光后各个谱段下系统的整体传函情况,所以需要进行逐一离散评价;第二、由于实际应用中前置系统与后续成像模块综合应用达到总体变焦的目的,两个系统的传函在系统整体传函中均具有一定的贡献量,所以对前置超光谱成像变焦系统的评价需要综合考虑系统对后续成像模块传函要求的合理化及整体传函受人眼视觉阈约束的影响,从而对前置超光谱变焦系统的像质评价指标进行了具体分析.根据物像交换原则对系统的初始结构进行了计算,并应用ZEMAX软件对系统进行了优化设计,设计结果表明,系统在各个焦距位置及超光谱各谱段下,像质均满足了设计指标要求.     

基于PSIM机载大视场宽谱段偏振光谱成像系统光学设计

为满足偏振光谱成像探测中对于大视场、宽谱段技术要求,设计了一种基于偏振强度调制技术(PSIM)的宽谱段大视场偏振光谱成像仪。针对前置望远镜组,文中对现有国内玻璃材料消色差分析,优选了可见至短波红外的复消色差玻璃,通过控制镜组中PSIM模块光线角度,实现大视场内在PSIM模块上的入射角度需求。结合分析结果,采用光学设计软件优化设计。设计结果表明,前置望远系统能够实现波段为400～1 700 nm,视场角为72°,焦距为20 mm, F数为4的高质量成像,全谱段内探测器截止频率处传递函数优于0.4, PSIM模块上最大入射角度为±4.99°,有效保证了各视场内偏振调制的一致性。后置光谱分光系统采用基于Offner结构的凸面光栅,优化结果显示各波段点列图均小于一个像元,在探测器奈奎斯特频率处中心波长的MTF达到0.6,各项指标均满足设计要求。本文对于基于PSIM宽谱段偏振光谱成像仪器的工程化具有很重要的现实意义,对宽谱段光学系统消色差设计也具有一定指导意义。     

变焦光学系统的景/焦深延拓及其分析

变焦光学系统在连续变焦过程中,由于变焦曲线的计算和加工精度,导致实际像面离焦,成像质量下降。变焦系统的特点是长焦距对应窄视场,短焦距对应宽视场。将波前编码技术应用于变焦系统,在系统的光瞳面设置相位掩模,则扩展了原系统的焦深和景深,使调制传递函数对离焦不敏感,同时提高短焦距宽视场的边缘成像质量。文章对原系统和应用波前编码技术的新系统的成像特性进行了分析和对比,随后讨论了掩模板的相位因子对系统的景深、焦深延拓以及对像质的稳定作用。仿真显示:变焦波前编码光学系统对离焦不敏感,可以很好地扩大系统的焦深和景深、稳定边缘视场的像质,具有很高的实用价值。     

双通道曲面棱镜高光谱成像系统设计

为满足航空航天载荷宽谱段、小型化的探测需求,提出一种双通道曲面棱镜高光谱成像系统的设计方法,实现单台光谱成像仪可同时覆盖可见光和短波红外两个波段。可见光和短波红外两个通道共用一个离轴三反前置成像系统和部分光谱系统,通过在像面前放置的分色片进行分光,使得可见光由分色片全部反射,短波红外由分色片全部透射,反射光和透射光分别被不同的探测器接收。根据此方法设计了谱段范围为420～2500nm的双通道光谱成像系统。结果表明,该系统结构简单,光学成像性能良好,光学总长度小于350mm。与传统的宽谱段光谱成像方法相比,该方法可以满足系统的小型化和低成本需求,适用于航空航天遥感应用。     

轻小型可见/近红外实时成像光谱仪的光学系统设计

为了解决传统成像光谱仪难以实现光谱和图像信息实时获取的问题,设计一款可见/近红外宽谱段视频型成像光谱仪系统。系统利用多狭缝分光成像技术,将目标光谱图像进行区域划分,代替传统的推帚型成像光谱仪,实现光谱维的大视场成像。采用低色散光学玻璃和双胶合透镜实现宽谱段光学系统的像差校正。前置望远物镜系统采用复杂的双高斯结构,实现小畸变设计和不同视场狭缝处能量的均匀分布。为了同时获取高空间分辨率的实时视频监控和高光谱分辨率,利用分光棱镜将前置望远物镜的像分为两路,一路直接由高分辨率全色相机接收,另一路进入分光系统由灰度相机接收。采用三块棱镜作为分光元件,通过优化材料组合和实际光线控制,获得了萤石-熔石英-萤石理想棱镜组合,实现了光路同轴性和良好色散线性度。设计结果为光学系统的光谱范围为400~1000 nm,F数为3.5,前置望远物镜奈奎斯特频率处设计调制传递函数(MTF)大于0.5,畸变小于0.1%,像面照度均匀性高于98%。整个系统奈奎斯特频率处设计MTF大于0.44,平均光谱分辨率为10 nm。     

带增倍镜的红外变焦光学系统设计

设计了一种红外三档变焦光学系统。系统工作波段为中波3.7~4.8μm,焦距为40/60/240mm,6×变倍比,具有100%冷光阑效率,加入2倍镜后,焦距为80/120/480mm。对系统进行了光学设计、传递函数分析、机械设计等分析,带增倍镜的红外三档变焦光学系统具有像质好、变焦速度快、结构紧凑的特点,可在红外成像系统中得到广泛应用。     

大相对孔径连续变焦前置物镜的光学设计

根据所研制超光谱成像仪的性能指标和应用要求,设计可用作超光谱成像仪前置系统的连续变焦光学系统,具有相对孔径大、工作于可见光波段、中等焦长、光能利用率高和像方远心等特点。详细介绍变焦距光学系统的结构选型及其初始结构计算方法。设计的变焦距光学系统采用机械补偿法,变倍比为4×,相对孔径为1∶2,在宽视场(8°)和窄视场(2°)端的焦距分别为55mm和220mm。系统畸变小于0.6%,在66lp/mm空间特征频率处的调制传递函数值大于0.5,能够满足超光谱成像仪的使用要求。     

光学元件缺陷在线检测光学系统设计

为实现对望远镜系统中光学元件表面缺陷在线检测,介绍了一种用于光学元件表面缺陷检测的变焦距成像光学系统,采用机械变焦形式实现变焦功能。根据望远镜系统技术要求计算出变焦距系统的关键参数, 通过Zemax软件设计并优化得到最终结果,整个变焦系统的设计实现了90 mm~540 mm的6倍变焦,在变焦过程中F数和像面位置保持不变,变焦系统总长为553.1 mm。从调制传递函数(MTF)、点列图 2个方面分析了系统的成像质量,系统在各焦距处的MTF值在100 lp/mm处均大于0.3,物方分辨率优于0.055 mm,在不同焦距处弥散斑半径均方根值均控制在艾里斑半径范围内。最后对系统环境适应性进行了分析, 讨论了工作温度范围为-10℃~40℃时对系统成像质量的影响,并给出了温度补偿方案。实验结果表明,补偿后的系统成像质量良好,满足实际需求。     

高变倍比数码变焦镜头设计

为提高变焦距系统的工作性能,使其在大视场时仍具有良好的像质,且系统结构简单,易于机械设计、加工及装调,在设计中引入了传统球面光学设计与非球面相结合的设计思想。选择4个焦距位置进行设计计算,用光学设计软件ZEMAX上机调试,设计了焦距为6.9mm～91.6mm,视场5°～60°的变焦系统,整个系统由4组12片透镜组成,其中包括3个非球面,系统具有变倍比高、视场大等特点。设计结果表明：在设计中采用非球面可使系统结构紧凑,系统成像质量得到提高。     

无热化双谱段复合成像光学系统

针对机载小型轻质和宽温度场的使用需求,基于光学被动消热差理论,设计了共孔径共视场分光路可见光和红外双波段无热化成像光学系统。两个谱段共用卡塞格林主光学系统,采用分色片实现双谱段分光。分光后两个谱段采用相互独立的中继透镜组。红外波段通过二次成像,实现双波段冷光阑100%匹配。通过共视场设计提高不同探测波段目标的信息一致性。可见光和红外谱段焦距分别为1750mm和1000mm,工作谱段为0.45~0.9μm、3~5μm,入瞳孔径为250mm,视场角1.1°,光学系统各谱段耐奎斯特频率处调制传递函数接近衍射极限,在宽温度场范围内像质稳定,完全能够满足实际使用需求。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.