不等径水平三通的相分离特性研究

在空气-水两相流实验回路上对油田注汽管线上的一种不等径水平三通进行了相分离特性实验研究。结果表明,侧支管的出口干度X3并非始终高于主管进口干度,当分流比超过某一临界值时X3将低于主管入口干度。该临界值随入口气相折算流速的提高而增大,同时通过在三通上游布置挡板也显著提高了临界分流比,证明流体惯性是影响水平三通相分离特性的最主要因素。与等径三通相比,不等径三通的特性曲线随着侧支管相对内径的缩小逐渐向左下方移动。     

运动流体强化传热的实现条件

从流体力学的基本方程和基本定态解出发,通过Boussinesqu假定及线性稳定性分析方法导出广义的奥尔-索末菲方程,使用有限差分方法对方程进行数值求解,得到低雷诺数下库特流失稳、实现Benard对流强化传热的临界瑞利数Rac。计算结果表明:库特流Benard失稳所需的临界瑞利数Rac随雷诺数Re的增大而减小,并且存在参考雷诺数Rer,当Re大于Rer时,Rac随Re变化很慢,此时,增大Re不能明显降低Rac,流体的传热量也不会随Re的增大而增加。     

螺旋波纹结构对盘管换热器传热特性的影响

为增强盘管换热器的传热性能,提出一种螺旋波纹状的盘管结构,通过Fluent分别对螺旋波纹盘管和普通盘管的对流换热过程进行数值模拟研究,分析入口流速对管道传热特性的影响。结果表明：两种盘管压降随入口流速的增大而升高,不同入口流速下的螺旋波纹盘管综合评价指标PEC值大于1,当入口流速为0.524 m/s时,其努塞尔数比普通盘管高出31.3%。螺旋波纹结构增强了盘管内的二次流效应,缓解了传热不均匀的现象。     

三角形微通道流动冷凝的实验研究

实验研究了三角形硅微通道中的流动冷凝.通道中的冷凝流型沿程主要有珠状流、环状流、喷射流和弹状-泡状流等.在同一通道中,喷射流位置随着工质流量的增大而延后;在相同蒸气入口雷诺数下,喷射流位置则随着通道尺度的增大而延后.喷射流频率随着蒸气入口雷诺数和冷凝液韦伯数的增大而增大.较小水力直径的三角形通道中的流动冷凝不稳定性较高.冷凝通道的壁面温度呈沿程下降趋势.在同一通道中,流动冷凝的平均冷凝传热系数和平均努塞尔数,皆随着蒸气入口雷诺数的增大而增大,通道尺度的减小显著强化冷凝传热.     

熔盐电磁感应加热器的实验研究及对比分析

通过搭建熔盐电磁感应加热试验系统,对电磁感应加热熔盐进行实验研究,得到不同工况下熔盐出口温度以及吸热量变化规律,并计算得到感应加热器对熔盐的加热效率。结果表明,熔盐的出口温度随线圈电流的增加而升高、随熔盐流速的增加而降低;熔盐流经感应加热器后的进出口温升随熔盐入口温度的升高而增大,但是温升的提高趋势并不明显;感应加热器对熔盐的加热效率随线圈电流、熔盐流速和熔盐进口温度的提高而增加;加热器材料为碳钢时熔盐的吸热量比不锈钢材料增加了23.39%,加热器材料为不锈钢和碳钢时对熔盐的加热效率最大值分别为71.44%和88.14%。     

几种氧化物纳米流体强化传热性能研究

以水/乙二醇混合液为基液,加入A12O3,MgO和ZnO纳米颗粒配制得到纳米流体.在自制对流传热性能测试平台上进行基液及纳米流体传热性能的测试.结果表明:同基液相比,随流体流速增大,A12O3纳米流体的传热系数变化不明显,MgO和ZnO纳米流体的传热系数均有提高.层流状态下,随雷诺数增大,三种纳米流体的传热系数都不断增...     

低温输运管道的液氮预冷过程仿真分析

管道预冷是低温输运的重要工艺流程.为探究低温流体输运管路在预冷过程中的换热特性及壁温变化规律,建立一维均相流模型,对液氮预冷低温输运管道过程进行了仿真分析.通过不同雷诺数液氮对于管路预冷影响的对比,分析不同工况下管路沿程壁温和热流密度的变化特点,讨论管路内流型的变化趋势;分析讨论了液氮在预冷过程中流量、液氮过冷度、预冷管道内径和长度对预冷时间的影响,以及相关过程中管道的瞬态温度变化、预冷流体的流型特征以及换热特点.计算结果表明:流体雷诺数越小,管道前端更容易形成稳定气膜;流体雷诺数越大,更多的气泡层会出现在管路后端;管路预冷时间随内径增大而变长,随长度增大而先变短后变长.     

疏水微通道内流动冷凝流型实验研究

实验观测了水力直径为150μm,宽深比3,通道壁面水接触角为130°的疏水矩形微通道内的流动冷凝过程。发现疏水微通道内的流型主要有珠状流、珠状-环状复合流、珠状-喷射复合流和弹状-泡状流。由于壁面的疏水性,喷射流处仍能观察到珠状凝结。珠状-喷射复合流的位置随入口蒸汽Reynolds数的增大而向通道出口移动,喷射频率随Re_v增大而增大。珠状-喷射复合流之后为弹状-泡状流,喷射流产生汽泡会冲击前一汽泡并合并流向通道出口。     

三维倾斜平板液氧降膜润湿数值模拟研究

建立三维倾斜平板降膜模型,利用VOF两相流模型计算了液氧降膜的润湿情况,研究了工质物性、倾斜角、液膜入口高度对润湿面积的影响。结果表明:Weber数(We)相同时,液氧和水的润湿比均随Kapitza数(Ka)增大而减小;相同Ka下,液氧和水的润湿比均随We增大而增大,而液氧润湿比一直小于水润湿比,两者的差值也随We增大而增大。拟合得到液氧在液膜入口高度0.4 mm、接触角70°时的界面润湿比经验关联式,拟合值和模拟值相对误差≤±20%;在We=0.76时,液氧的润湿比随倾斜角增大而减小,但降低速率随Ka增大而减小;在倾斜角为90°时,易出现液膜脱离壁面的现象;当We固定时,液氧的润湿比随液膜入口高度增大而增大。     

油-气-水三相管流管壁水润高度波动特性研究

定义了一个新的术语一管壁水润高度.在内径50 mm、长40 m的不锈钢水平环道内,利用环形电导探针研究了油-气-水三相管流管壁水润高度的变化规律,分析了折算气速、折算液速以及液相中入口体积含水率对平均管壁水润高度的影响.结果表明:管壁平均水润高度随折算气速的增加均呈指数衰减变化;随入口体积含水率的增大呈Boltman曲线的增长趋势;入口体积含水率Φ<50%、折算气速小于2.0 m/s时,随着折算液速的增大出现了水润高度的峰值.当入口体积含水率Φ≥50%时,水润高度随折算液速的线性增大(油水比为1:1)过渡到曲线递增变化.     

Direct numerical simulation of transitional flow in a finite length curved pipe

Transition to turbulent flow in a curved pipe has been well studied through experiments and numerical simulations. Numerical simulations often use a helical pipe with an infinite length such that the inlet and outlet boundary conditions can be modelled as periodic which greatly reduces computational time. In this study, we examined a finite length curved pipe with Poiseuille flow imposed at the inlet and a stress-free boundary condition at the outlet. Direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations for rigid walls and a Newtonian fluid was performed using nek5000. Straight extensions were added to the inlet and outlet such to diminish the impact of boundary conditions on the flow field in the region with curvature. The examined model has a pipe radius of curvature that is three times the pipe radius. The model has ～355 million nodes and required an order of magnitude greater computational time when compared with an infinite length curved pipe. Results show that the critical Reynolds number, the lowest value with instabilities present in the flow, is much greater than that of a straight pipe and occurs near Re=5000–5200. This is larger than the critical Reynolds number typically reported for an infinite length curved pipe (Re=4200–4300).     

Flow visualization of relaminarization phenomena in curved pipes and the related measurements

Flow visualization results for secondary flow phenomena at the exit of 90° and 180° bends and helically coiled pipes (1, 2 and 5 turns), (radius of curvatureR _c=381 mm, inside pipe diameterd=37.5 mm, curvature ratiod/2R _c=0.049) and in the downstream straight pipe (l/d=30) are presented to study the stabilizing (relaminarization) effect in curved pipes with fully developed entry turbulent air flow and the destabilizing (re-transition from laminar to turbulent flow) effect in the downstream straight region. The entry Reynolds numbers areRe=2200, 3200, 4300 and 5300). The related measurement results using a hot-film anemometer are presented for developing profiles of the time-mean streamwise velocity distribution and the axial turbulence intensity field in the 180° return bend and in the downstream straight pipe for Reynolds numbersRe=3200, 4300, 6300 and 8200. The time traces showing the output of the hot-film sensor are also presented for developing fluctuating velocity field in the 180° bend and in the downstream straight pipe for the same Reynolds number range. Some aspects of the relaminarization phenomena in curved pipes and the re-transition phenomena from laminar to turbulent flow in the downstream straight pipe are clarified by the present experimental investigation.     

Multi-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann simulation of inertial secondary flow in a curved microchannel

The inertial secondary flow is particularly important for hydrodynamic focusing and particle manipulation in biomedical research.In this paper,the development of the inertial secondary flow structure in a curved microchannel was investigated by the multi relaxation time lattice Boltzmann equation model with a force term.The numerical results indicate that the viscous and inertial competition dominates the development of secondary flow structure development.The Reynolds number,Dean number,and the cross section aspect ratio influence significantly on the development of the secondary vortexes.Both the intensity of secondary flow and the distance between the normalized vortex centers are functions of Dean numbers but independent of channel curvature radius.In addition,the competition mechanism between the viscous and inertial effects were discussed by performing the particle focusing experiments.The present investigation provides an improved understanding of the development of inertial secondary flows in curved microchannels.     

具有隔板的平行通道内空气混合对流换热数值模拟

本文以锅炉干排渣装置为背景,对抽象的理论模型具有隔板的平行通道内空气混合对流换热进行了数值模拟.数值计算表明,在Re＞1000时应采用非稳态数学模型进行数值模拟;在Re＞500时,自然对流机制对流动和换热的影响基本可以忽略.数值计算给出了不同Re时的进出口无量纲压差、局部的Nux和平均Nu以及流线图.这些结果可为深入研究干排渣装置中流动和换热特性提供参考.     

EAST���ٿ�����Ȧ����Ʒ����밲װ

介绍了EAST快速控制线圈的设计参数、电磁水冷分析和安装过程。引线部分受到巨大的垂直于自身方向的震荡力,常规的有机绝缘材料不能满足要求。线圈的绝缘材料采用MgO粉末,并在引线两端增加支撑固定。水冷计算表明,铜导体和水的稳定温度与点到进水口的距离成线性关系;当线圈通电电流为20kA时,为了保证出水口的水温不被加热至100℃,水的最小流速与运行效率的关系为v≈6K。     

VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION AND TURBULENCE STRUCTURE OF FULLY DEVELOPED FLOW IN A CURVED TUBE

Turbulent structures in a curved circular tube were measured for three values of the curve radius to the tube radius ratio, R. Distributions of turbulent energy and axial and radial velocities are obtained in a fully developed flow region by a hot wire anemometer. Turbulent energy and Reynolds stress, become maximum in the core region, where turbulence generation becomes maximum. When R is small, turbulent generation does not balance with turbulent energy dissipation, due to a convective effect induced by secondary flow. Experimental results for Reynolds stress and turbulent energy are compared with theoretical results. Due to the secondary flow effect, for small R value flow, the ratio of these two values was not uniform in the core region.     

三维曲面腔顶盖驱动流的MRT-LBM研究

采用多松弛时间格子玻尔兹曼方法(MRT-LBM)的D3Q15模型分别对长方体腔、圆柱腔、半圆柱腔、旋转双曲面腔、旋转椭球面腔、半球腔以及两种组合腔体的三维顶盖驱动腔流进行数值模拟, 比较分析各腔体内流线分布、流速等值线分布和涡心的发展, 对于典型腔体模拟不同雷诺数下的流动情况。结果表明: 在同一雷诺数下, 曲面边界不仅能消除从边界产生的次涡, 还会导致腔内主涡的分离, 增大中心纵剖面纵向回流速度; “上长方体+下半圆柱”腔内流函数分布与边界贴合度最高。当雷诺数不断增大时, 半圆柱腔内主涡逐渐分离成两个同向涡, “上圆柱+下半球”腔内始终保持着圆柱腔与半球腔内的基本流动特征; 而长方体腔内主涡涡心保持在同一高度, 次涡逐渐增强, “上长方体+下半圆柱”腔内流动愈加规则, 主涡逐渐下沉, 流速等值线分布逐渐趋于中心小、四周大。     

Implementation of Liquid Crystal Thermography to Determine Wall Temperatures and Heat Transfer Coefficients in a Tube-in-tube Heat Exchanger

Liquid crystal thermography was used in a water-operated concentric tube-in-tube heat exchanger to determine local annular heat transfer coefficients at the inlet region. An annular diameter ratio of 0.54 was considered with the inlet and outlet orientated perpendicularly to the axial flow direction. Both heated and cooled cases were considered at annular Reynolds numbers ranging from 1,000 to 13,800. Wall temperature distributions were directly measured by means of a coating of thermo-chromic liquid crystals. Local heat transfer coefficients at the inlet were higher than those predicted by most correlations, but good agreement was obtained with some literature.     

90°弯管内冰浆流动特性数值模拟

基于欧拉法建立了冰浆流动的混合模型,对冰浆在90°弯管内的流动特性进行了数值模拟研究,获得了弯管内冰浆的流场和冰晶颗粒的运动轨迹,探讨了弯管管径、曲率半径及冰浆的流速、浓度参数对弯管内冰浆压降的影响,并对弯管压降的模拟结果与实验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。结果表明:在计算参数范围内,弯管压降随冰浆流速、浓度及弯管曲率半径的增大而增大,随弯管管径的增大而减小;冰浆在弯管内流动形成二次流现象,两个漩涡区域出现在弯管截面两侧;漩涡导致部分冰晶颗粒的运动轨迹发生改变,并使其向弯管下方的负压区聚集,增大了冰晶颗粒的碰撞几率。     

深径比对邱克拉斯基结构内旋转驱动流动的影响

为了了解深径比对邱克拉斯基(Czochralski)结构内旋转驱动流动的影响,利用有限容积法进行了三维非稳态数值模拟。结果表明:随着液池深径比的增加,流动逐渐加强,当旋转速度超过某一临界值后,流动转变为三维非稳态振荡流动。随着液池深径比的增加,速度波振荡幅度增大,速度波波数和周向传播方向都随之改变;浅液池内坩埚旋转作用占主导地位,速度波传播方向与坩埚旋转方向相同,深液池内晶体旋转大于坩埚旋转对流动的影响,速度波传播方向和晶体旋转方向相同。