Heat transfer and friction factor correlation development for double-pass solar air heater having V-shaped ribs as roughness elements

In this present study, an experimental investigation has been carried out for a roughened double-pass solar air heater. The respective variation in other parameters, such as relative roughness pitch (p/e), relative roughness height (e/D_h), and angle of attack (α), were 5–20, 0.022–0.044, and 30°–75°, respectively. The effect of roughness and operating parameters on Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) has been determined, and the results are compared with those of a smooth absorber plate; considerable enhancement in both heat transfer and friction factor is noticed. Utilizing these experimental data, correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor correlations were also developed.     

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Turbulator on Heat Transfer in a Concentric-type Heat Exchanger

This article experimentally and numerically analyzes the effect of turbulators with different geometries (Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV) located at the inlet of the inner pipe in a concentric-type heat exchanger. Experiments were performed at parallel-flow conditions in the same and opposite directions to investigate the impact of manufactured turbulators on heat transfer and pressure drop. In the numerical study, ANSYS 12.0 Fluent code program was used, and basic protection equations were solved in the steady-state, three-dimensional, and turbulence-flow conditions. Results were obtained from numerical analysis conducted at different flow values of air (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 m³/h). The distribution of temperature, velocity, and pressure was demonstrated as a result of numerical analyses. Experimental and numerical results were compared, and it was observed that they were in conformity with each other. When the data obtained from the analyses were examined, the highest heat transfer, pressure drop, and friction factor increase were detected to be in the Type IV turbulator.     

Visualization and Experimental Analysis of Fluid Behavior in Grooved Heat Pipes

High-performance grooved heat pipe modelling requires improved knowledge of flow behavior inside grooves. Even if this flow is usually laminar, a free surface governed by capillarity leads to many difficulties when calculating the mean friction factor of grooves. In the present study, an experimental bench has been developed in order to visualize the liquid–vapor interface channels of four different axially grooved heat pipes. Subsequent experimentation, which is associated with image processing programs, allows for measurement of liquid height and meniscus radius evolution in a groove along the heat pipe axis. As regards laminar flow inside the grooves typically used in heat pipes, the mean friction factor has been measured.     

相变乳状液在蛇形管中的流动和传热特性

用正十四烷、复合表面活化剂和水制成O/W型相变乳状液作为相变蓄冷及传热介质,对其作为非牛顿流体和固液两相流的流动和传热特点进行了分析,通过测试得出不同浓度乳状液在蛇形管道中的对流换热Nυ数和摩擦系数,并给出了换热和阻力的无量纲关联式。指出了对这类特殊相变蓄冷材料作进一步研究的方向。     

Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger Equipped with Coiled Circular Wires

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the enhancement in heat transfer coefficient by inserting coiled wire around the outer surface of the inner tube of the double-pipe heat exchanger. Insulated wires, with a circular cross-section of 2 mm diameter, forming a coil of different pitches (p = 6, 12, and 20 mm), were used as turbulators. The investigation is performed for turbulent water flow in a double-pipe heat exchanger with cold water in the annulus space for both parallel and counter flows. The experiments were performed for Reynolds numbers ranging from 4,000 to 14,000. The experimental results reveal that the use of coiled circular wires leads to a considerable increase in heat transfer coefficients compared with a smooth wall tube for both parallel and counter water flows. The mean Nusselt number increases with Reynolds number and pitch. The convective heat transfer coefficient for a turbulent water flow increases for all coiled wire pitches, with the highest enhancement of about 450% for counter flow and 400% for the parallel flow. New correlations for mean relative Nusselt numbers at different coiled wire pitches are provided.     

管内变密度流体的充分发展流动与换热

本文提出了圆管内变密度流体流动与换热充分发展的概念及其相关假设.在所提出的概念和假设基础上给出了摩擦阻力系数Cf与Nusselt数Nu的定义式和计算式.通过对圆管内密度随温度变化的氩气的流动与换热所进行的数值模拟,验证了在本文的计算条件范围内,圆管内变密度流体充分发展流动与换热的概念是合理的,并且CfRe=16,Nu=4.36.     

Thermal Performance Evaluation of Heat Exchanger Tubes Equipped with Coupling Twisted Tapes

The present work has been conducted to investigate the effect of coupling twisted tapes on heat transfer enhancement in a heat exchanger. The effects of (1) twisted tape orientation (co-coupling twisted tapes or counter-coupling twisted tapes), (2) width ratio, and (3) twist ratio were also examined. Results of coupling twisted tapes were also compared to those of a typical twisted tape. Experimental results showed that the use of counter-coupling twisted tapes resulted in higher heat transfer, friction loss, and thermal performance factor than that of co-coupling twisted tapes and typical twisted tapes. Thermal performance factor increased as twist ratio and Reynolds number decreased while width ratio increased.     

Enhancing the thermal performance of AL2O3/DI water nanofluids in micro-fin tube equipped with straight and left-right twisted tapes in turbulent flow regime

This article communicates the thermal performance, heat transfer rate, and friction factor of Al₂O₃/DI water nanofluids at different concentrations in a micro-finned tube with tube helical inserts for different twist ratios. The thermal performance, heat transfer coefficient, and friction of the present study is also compared with a plain tube for validation. From the study, it is identified that the micro-finned tube with tube insert performance is higher as compared with a plain tube. Similarly, an empirical relation for Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) is estimated for straight twisted tube and left-right combination. The deviation between experimental and theoretical values for left-right twist and straight twist is found as 3 and 7% for Nusselt number and 7 and 9% for friction factor, respectively. Similarly, while analyzing the thermal performance, it was found that the maximum performance achieved was with a micro-fin tube with left-right twist with nanofluid concentration of 0.2%.     

管内超临界压力水的混和对流换热

本文利用FLUENT6.0软件,数值研究了超临界压力下水在光管内作层流流动和换热特性,着重考察了重力引 起的二次流的影响。研究发现垂直管中由于浮力作用,速度曲线不再是抛物线,而成M状,并在壁面附近出现峰值;重 力作用下,物性的剧烈变化在水平管垂直流动方向引起了很强的二次流,从而影响了阻力特性和换热特性。     

高温超导电缆用波纹管内液氮流动特性的数值研究

随着超导技术的发展,高温超导电缆在电力输运中逐渐得到重视并进行了广泛的研究。由于波纹管具有良好的柔韧性和收缩性,在高温超导电缆中作为杜瓦放置电缆,冷却超导体用的液氮需流经波纹管。在系统设计中,需要对液氮在波纹管中的流动特性加以了解。为了研究液氮在波纹管内的流动特性,对其进行了数值计算及理论分析。分析表明:压力损失随入口速度的增大而增大;在波纹内形成了涡旋流;在所考察的雷诺数范围内,雷诺数对摩擦系数的影响不大,而波纹尺寸对摩擦系数具有主要的影响。摩擦系数随s/t的增大而减小。。     

矩形槽通道内周期性充分发展换热的研究

本文应用数值模拟的方法研究了矩形槽通道内周期性充分发展换热情况及几何参数对流动和换热的影响.结果表明:当周期长度一定时,上下矩形突出部分的水平间距由小变大时,Nu和阻力系数f都是有所减小;周期长度一定且上下矩形突出部分水平间距相等时,增加矩形突出部分的宽度,Nu和阻力系数f会增加;当矩形突出部分的宽度一定, 并且水平交错均匀排列时,增加矩形突出部分的水平间距即增加周期长度时Nu减小,而f先是减小而后又有所增加.     

Heat transfer enhancement by combination of serpentine curves and nanofluid flow in microtube

Heat transfer and flow characteristics of Cu/water nanofluids' flow in the serpentine microtubes are investigated experimentally. The serpentine microtubes are fabricated by bending a straight copper microtube with an inner diameter of 787 μm. Also, the Cu/water nanofluids are prepared using a novel one-step technique, namely electro-exploded wire. The effects of serpentine microtubes' geometrical parameters (pitch spacing, p, and straight section, l) and nanofluid concentration (weight fraction, φ) are examined. It is found that the heat transfer enhances by decreasing both the pitch spacing and the straight section of the serpentine microtube as well as increasing the weight fraction of the nanofluid. Also, the results show that the friction factor tends to increase in the same manner. A noticeable average enhancement in the thermal performance factor of 21.8% is obtained for a specific operating condition, i.e., the nanofluid at φ = 0.3% through the serpentine microtube with p = 9.6 mm and l = 10 mm. Finally, two correlations of Nusselt number and friction factor for the Cu/water nanofluids across the serpentine microtubes are proposed.     

扰流元诱发的二次流及其在强化传热中的应用

1前言通常所谓“茶杯效应”的二次流（即茶叶在搅拌的杯中聚集在杯中心）是一种常见的流动现象。在对流热传递过程中，常可激励传热的增强。在传热表面布置扰流结构是对流换热的无源强化技术经常采用的方式。传统的展向二维连续肋扰流元通过破坏边界层发展，减小粘性底层厚度，从而减小传热热阻。这种扰流结构所诱发的扰动是二维的，其传热强化的程度有限并且在助前、后缘附近出现回流区。流体的滞留明显消弱了回流区内的传热速率，甚至导致壁面出现局部“热点”。进一步研究发现将连续肋倾斜布置以引入展向二次流可使扰流元对流体产生三维…     

Numerical Simulation Study on Flow Laws and Heat Transfer of Gas Hydrate in the Spiral Flow Pipeline with Long Twisted Band

The natural gas hydrate plugging problems in the mixed pipeline are becoming more and more serious. The hydrate plugging has gradually become an important problem to ensure the safety of pipeline operation. The deposition and heat transfer characteristics of natural gas hydrate particles in the spiral flow pipeline have been studied. The DPM model (discrete phase model) was used to simulate the motion of solid particles, which was used to simulate the complex spiral flow characteristics of hydrate in the pipeline with a long twisted band. The deposition and heat transfer characteristics of gas hydrate particles in the spiral flow pipeline were studied. The velocity distribution, pressure drop distribution, heat transfer characteristics, and particle settling characteristics in the pipeline were investigated. The numerical results showed that compared with the straight flow without a long twisted band, two obvious eddies are formed in the flow field with a long twisted band, and the velocities are maximum at the center of the vortices. Along the direction of the pipeline, the two vortices move toward the pipe wall from near the twisted band, which can effectively carry the hydrate particles deposited on the wall. With the same Reynolds number, the twisted rate was greater, the spiral strength was weaker, the tangential velocity was smaller, and the pressure drop was smaller. Therefore, the pressure loss can be reduced as much as possible with effect of the spiral flow. In a straight light flow, the Nusselt number is in a parabolic shape with the opening downwards. At the center of the pipe, the Nusselt number gradually decreased toward the pipe wall at the maximum, and at the near wall, the attenuation gradient of the Nu number was large. For spiral flow, the curve presented by the Nusselt number was a trough at the center of the pipe and a peak at 1/2 of the pipe diameter. With the reduction of twist rate, the Nusselt number becomes larger. Therefore, the spiral flow can make the temperature distribution more even and prevent the large temperature difference, resulting in the mass formation of hydrate particles in the pipeline wall. Spiral flow has a good carrying effect. Under the same condition, the spiral flow carried hydrate particles at a distance about 3–4 times farther than that of the straight flow.     

分离式热管换热器传热特性的实验研究

本文在自行设计分离式热管实验装置的基础上,对其传热特性进行了实验研究。其工作温度为170～250℃,热流密度为25～50 kW/m~2。蒸发段和冷凝段构成相同,均是由7根直径30 mm的无缝钢管短管束组成,管长为160 mm,带有紧套的钢帛环形肋片结构尺寸为:外径45 mm、厚1 mm、片间距4 mm。实验结果表明,在本实验条件下,分离式热管的最佳充液率按管束总容量计为18%～38%。根据实验结果拟合了最佳充液率(24%)下蒸发段内部平均沸腾换热系数和冷凝段内部凝结换热努塞尔数综合关系式。     

Thermal performance enhancement in tubes using helically twisted tape with alternate axis inserts

This article presents an investigation on heat transfer enhancement in a round tube inserted with a helically twisted tape. The effects of a helically twisted tape with alternate axis (HTT-A) on heat transfer, friction factor, and thermal performance factor behaviours are reported for the turbulent regime. HTT-A geometries are tape pitch to tube diameter, P/D = 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0; alternate length to pitch length, l/P = 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0; twisted length to tape width, y/W = 3.0; and tape width to tube diameter, w/D = 0.2. The experiment has been performed by varying the volumetric air flow rate in order to adjust Reynolds number ranging from 6 000 to 20 000. The wall of the testing tube is uniformly heated as a constant heat flux while the tests are covered with thermal insulations to reduce heat loss to surroundings. Thermal performance is evaluated by comparing the present experimental results with the results of the modified HTT-A and also those obtained from previous study (conventional helically twisted tape, HTT). The thermal performance of tested tube with HTT-A is evaluated to obtain the degree of heat transfer enhancement and friction factor induced by HTT-A with respect to the plain tube under the same test conditions. Evenly, it is interesting to observe that the tube with HTT-A consistently possesses higher heat transfer and thermal performance factor than those with the HTT around 14.1% and 1.9%, respectively. The HTT-A with the smaller pitch ratio and adjacent twist length provides higher heat transfer rate and friction factor than the one with larger pitch ratio and alternate length as a result of a larger contact surface area, stronger swirl intensity and, thus, better fluid mixing near the tube wall. In the range determined, the tubes with the largest pitch ratio (P/D = 2.0) and smallest alternate length (l/P = 1.0) give the highest thermal performance factor at around 1.35. In addition, the empirical correlations of the Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal performance factor are also described.     

Heat Transfers in Tubes Fitted with Single,Twin, and Triple Twisted Tapes

This experimental study performs heat transfer and pressure drop measurements in three test tubes fitted with single, twin, and triple twisted-tapes with Reynolds number (Re) varying from 1,500 to 14,000. Each element of these continuous twisted-tapes that formulates the single, twin, and triple twisted-tapes has identical width, pitch, and thickness. Heat-transfer augmentations from the plain-tube conditions in three test tubes decrease with the increase of Re, while the descending rate decreases with the increase of twisted-tape in the tube. These twisted-tapes generate the more effective heat transfer enhancements in laminar flow regime than those developed in turbulent flow regime. With 3,000 ≤ Re < 14,000, the local Nusselt numbers in the tubes fitted with single, twin, and triple twisted-tapes were, respectively, 1.5–2.3, 1.98–2.8, and 2.86–3.76 times of the Dittus-Boelter levels. The Fanning friction factors in three test tubes decrease with the increase of Reynolds number. Based on the same pumping power consumption, the tube fitted with single and triple twisted-tapes possess the highest performance factors for laminar and turbulent flows, respectively. Experimental correlations of heat transfer and Fanning friction factor were derived for three tubes fitted with single, twin, and triple twisted-tapes.     

Experimental Performance of a Solid Heat Exchanger with Tree-Like Flow Passages

System performance of a solid single-fluid compact heat exchanger with tree-like flow passages has been experimentally examined. The results, presented in the form of commonly defined dimensionless parameters, demonstrate that system performance can be characterized in a mode similar to traditional compact heat exchanger designs. Pressure forces were found to dominate inertia forces at low Reynolds numbers. Correlations of the Euler number, Nusselt number, Colburn factor, and friction factor as a function of Reynolds number were utilized to compare system performance to traditional two-fluid compact heat exchangers.     

泡沫铝翅片传热和流动特性的实验研究

对泡沫铝翅片传热和流动特性进行了实验研究,泡沫铝的空隙率为0.90,孔密度(PPI)分别为10,20,40。实验结果表明,孔密度较大时,传热系数也较大,但流动阻力系数也明显升高。通过引入无因次变量Dα,得到了泡沫铝翅片的流动阻力系数和传热的初步准则关联式。     

Heat transfer and friction in rectangular solar air heater duct having spherical and inclined rib protrusions as roughness on absorber plate

In this work, an experimental investigation on heat and fluid flow characteristics of artificially roughened solar air heater duct has been carried out. The roughness and operating parameters covered a range of Reynolds number (Re) from 2000 to 20000, relative roughness pitch (P/e) from 15 to 30, relative rib length (r/g) from 0.4 to 1.0, and relative rib pitch (P_r/P) from 0.2 to 0.8. Other parameters, i.e., relative roughness height (e/D), angle of attack (α), and relative roughness gap are kept constant. Results show that the considerable enhancement in Nusselt number and Thermo-hydraulic performance has been obtained with an increase in friction factor using roughened surface.