熊猫光纤光栅压力传感特性研究

采用有限元法建立了熊猫光纤光栅的压力传感模型,分析了压力变化所导致的内部应力分布.结果表明,熊猫光纤光栅双峰间距随着压力增加而增大,其快轴方向的压力灵敏度系数为-4.08 pm/MPa,其绝对值大于慢轴方向-3.5 pm/MPa.理论分析和实验测量了几何结构对压力传感特性的影响规律,结果表明,熊猫光纤光栅压力灵敏度系数与猫眼半径距离比的平方成线性关系.对比实验结果表明,无法通过测量熊猫光纤光栅双峰间距的方案实现对温度不敏感的压力传感测量.     

基于布里渊动态光栅的保偏光纤中 温度和应变的传感机制研究

对保偏光纤中基于布里渊动态光栅的温度和应变的传感机制进行了探索.从保偏光纤两正交偏振轴的传输特性出发,分别研究了布里渊动态光栅的波长、波长差以及拍长与温度和应变的关系.研究结果表明,波长的对数与光纤温度近似成线性关系,波长的相对变化量与光纤应变成线性关系;两轴波长差、拍长的倒数与温度和应变近似成线性关系.本文研究结果为基于布里渊动态光栅的保偏光纤分布式温度和应变的传感指明了潜在的研究方向.     

光纤光栅温度传感理论与实验

从光纤光栅温度传感模型出发，理论分析研究了光纤光栅的温度传感特性，推导了光纤光栅温度传感的一阶、二阶和有效线性灵敏度系数的解析式，计算了各灵敏度系数的理论值，实验得到了反射波长与温度的二次多项式，对比分析了理论与实验结果，讨论了石英的力学参数对光纤光栅温度传感特性的影响、反射波长与温度的线性及非线性的适用范围等问题. 关键词： 光纤光栅 光纤传感 温度传感     

一种新型光子晶体光纤的布里渊动态光栅传感

为了提高光纤横向压强传感器传感系数,降低温度对压强传感的影响,提出一种具有"三明治"结构的光子晶体光纤,并利用有限元法对其布里渊动态光栅传感特性进行数值模拟。研究了不同压强和温度条件下光子晶体光纤双折射频移的变化,分析了光子晶体光纤结构对其传感特性的影响,结果表明:设计的光子晶体光纤具有高传感精度,0～40℃下光子晶体光纤慢轴方向上双折射频移的压强传感系数约为692 MHz/MPa,光纤快轴方向上压强传感系数约为-404 MHz/MPa, 0～40 MPa下温度系数仅为0.18 MHz/℃;与利用普通保偏光子晶体光纤设计的传感系数为199 MHz/MPa的压强传感系统相比,灵敏度提高了493 MHz/MPa。设计的光子晶体光纤提高了横向压强传感器传感系数且不易受温度的影响,适用于高精度静水压强传感领域。     

FBG滤波的级联LPFG温度和折射率传感装置

利用长周期光纤光栅具有较高的温度、折射率灵敏度,以及光纤布喇格光栅具有较高反射效率的特点,设计了一种基于光纤布啦格光栅滤波的级联长周期光纤光栅温度和折射率传感装置.利用光纤布喇格光栅的高反射率,将级联长周期光纤光栅干涉波峰的局部功率反射到功率计中,实现了温度和折射率的测量.基于信号叠加原理,对光纤布喇格光栅滤波的级联长周期光纤光栅温度和折射率传感方法的可行性进行了分析.将实际测得的功率计示数与温度以及折射率的变化进行二项式拟合,其确定系数分别为0.9990和0.9959,表明该传感方法可用于温度和折射率的精确测量.最后对该装置的稳定性做了一系列的测试,验证了该传感系统具有较高的稳定性.     

动态匹配光栅解调传感系统温度补偿研究

采用一对辅助匹配光纤光栅,结合基于MAX1968EUI芯片闭环自动控制,设计了一种半导体小型温度控制系统.通过控制传感光栅反射峰值变化,使匹配光栅温度变化与传感光栅周围环境温度变化相匹配,实现了动态匹配光栅解调方案的应变测量系统温度补偿,消除了光纤光栅传感器温度、应变交叉敏感效应对传感系统测量应变的影响.解调系统同时采用一支微测力传感器作为解调系统的输出,消除了传统动态匹配光栅解调系统中压电陶瓷磁滞效应对测量结果的影响.实验结果表明,温度变化对系统应变测量影响误差小于2％,传感系统的线性优于0.999 5.     

铝槽封装光纤光栅传感器的增敏特性研究

提出了一种光纤布喇格光栅的铝槽封装工艺,并对铝槽封装光纤光栅传感器的应变与温度传感特性进行了实验研究和理论分析.与裸光纤光栅的测试结果比较表明,铝槽封装工艺基本不改变光纤光栅应变传感的灵敏性,但是温度灵敏度系数提高了3.5倍.经过该工艺封装的光纤光栅可以探测识别0.2 με的应变与0.02℃的温度变化.     

熊猫光纤的结构与双折射特性关系研究

本文用微元算法研究了熊猫光纤的结构参量对熊猫光纤双折射特性(拍长)的影响.由实验数据拟合出了计算拍长的熊猫光纤掺杂区的有效热膨胀系数.计算结果表明,熊猫光纤的猫眼半径、猫眼与纤芯的距离、猫眼的不一致等都是影响拍长的因素.所得结果对熊猫光纤的制作提供了理论指导.     

多模光纤光栅温度传感特性的实验研究

利用氢敏化处理的多模光纤制作了多模光纤光栅,并对多模光纤光栅的温度传感特性进行了实验研究与理论分析,表明这种光栅三个反射峰的布拉格波长随温度变化均呈现出良好的线性关系,并且重复性相当好,同一光栅的各反射峰的理论温度灵敏度系数都等于0．01nm／℃,实验测得的温度灵敏度系数为0．0098nm／℃或0．0099nm／℃,与理论分析相当吻合,这些特性与单模光纤光栅的温度传感特性接近相同。因此可以用多模光纤光栅代替单模光纤光栅开发光纤光栅传感器,以降低成本;这一实验结果还可以作为对多模光纤光栅进一步深入研究的参考。     

熊猫型保偏光纤光栅温度和压力传感特性的实验研究

对熊猫型保偏光纤光栅的传感特性进行了深入的实验研究,采用温箱和压力罐分别进行了温度和压力传感特性的实验研究.实验结果表明:在0～2.5 MPa的压强范围内,熊猫型保偏光纤光栅两个偏振方向上的压力敏感系数分别为0.004 88 nm/MPa和0.003 52 nm/MPa;在15～50 ℃的温度范围内,两个偏振方向上的温度敏感系数为0.01018 nm/℃和0.008 8 nm/℃.该光纤光栅两偏振态对温度和压力的不同敏感特性可用于解决光纤光栅的交叉敏感问题.     

熊猫光纤背向衍射图样的图像互相关定轴方法

针对基于背向衍射图像的熊猫光纤定轴法需要建立标准图样库的难题,进行了熊猫光纤在不同方位角所产生的背向衍射图样相关性分析的实验研究.实验显示：快轴方向的背向衍射图样与慢轴方向的背向衍射图样之间具有差异性;在快轴或慢轴方向附近的背向衍射图样之间具有相似性;快轴或慢轴方向的背向衍射图样自身具有对称性.根据差异性、相似性和对称性这三个特性,建立了一种基于熊猫光纤背向衍射图样的图像互相关定轴方法,用于确定熊猫光纤快轴或慢轴这些特殊方位角.此方法不用建立标准图库就可以实现熊猫光纤特殊方位角的定轴.     

Simultaneous strain and temperature measurements with polarization-maintaining fibers and their error analysis by use of a distributed Brillouin loss system

Simultaneous temperature and strain measurement with a distributed Brillouin loss system is proposed by use of the parameters Brillouin frequency, power, and bandwidth, for PANDA, bow-tie, and tiger polarization-maintaining fibers for the first time to our knowledge. The expressions for simultaneous temperature and strain sensing and the maximum errors and rms values of temperature and strain measurements are derived with three combinations of the parameters: (1) power and Brillouin frequency, (2) bandwidth and Brillouin frequency, and (3) bandwidth and Brillouin power. Our experiments demonstrate that simultaneous temperature and strain sensing at 20-cm spatial resolution for Brillouin frequency combined with bandwidth the strain/temperature resolutions are 39 microepsilon/2 degrees C (PANDA), 126 microepsilon/3 degrees C (bow tie), and 598 microepsilon/16 degrees C (tiger); for the Brillouin frequency combined with power the strain/temperature resolutions are 153 microepsilon/8 degrees C (PANDA) and 237 microepsilon/4 degrees C (bow tie); and for the bandwidth combined with power the strain/temperature resolutions are 135 microepsilon/38 degrees C (PANDA) and 195 microepsilon/38 degrees C (bow tie).     

Accurate method for measuring the thermal coefficient of group birefringence of polarization-maintaining fibers

We present a method to accurately measure the group birefringence variation with temperature in high-birefringence polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers using a distributed polarization analyzer. By analyzing polarization cross-talk peaks purposely induced at both ends of a PM fiber, the temperature coefficient of group birefringence can be accurately obtained. We confirm the theoretical prediction that the group birefringence of PANDA and TIGER PM fibers decrease linearly with temperature from -40 °C to 80 °C, and find that the temperature coefficients are -5.93 × 10(-7) °C(-1) and -5.29 × 10(-7) °C(-1) for two types of PANDA fibers, and -5.36 × 10(-7) °C(-1) for a TIGER fiber.     

保偏光纤在线定轴技术研究

研究了熊猫型保偏光纤在带涂覆层时的POL（polarization observation by lens-effect-tracing method）特性,说明用于去涂覆裸光纤的POL定轴技术同样适用于带涂覆情况,而且可达到相同的定轴精度.建立了一个初步的实验系统对熊猫型保偏光纤的在线定轴技术进行了系统的研究,采用曲线拟合和相关技术大大减小了各种定轴误差.在此系统上已可达到优于2°的定轴精度.     

基于温度激励的光纤陀螺光纤环瞬态特性检测

光纤陀螺基于萨尼亚克效应测量垂直于光纤环平面的敏感轴方向上的旋转分量。光纤环是光纤陀螺的核心部件,光纤环的缠绕质量直接影响着光纤陀螺的整体性能,对光纤环的缠绕质量全面检测十分必要。针对目前光纤环检测手段的局限性,提出了一种基于温度激励的光纤陀螺光纤环瞬态特性检测方法,全面表征了光纤环的缠绕质量。建立了光纤环柱面坐标三维计算模型,采用有限元方法定量分析光纤环不对称度和局部温度激励位置精度对光纤环瞬态响应的影响,同时开展了光纤环温度激励相应实验,实验结果与光纤环三维物理模型数值计算结果相一致,在理论和实验上验证了光纤环瞬态特性检测方法的可行性。     

Fiber devices using polarization- maintaining fibers

Fiber devices using polarization-maintaining fibers called PANDA fibers are presented. They are polarization-maintaining couplers and polarization-splitting couplers, optical isolators and optical circulators, and multi/demultiplexers designed for 1.3 μm wavelength. Crosstalk of-32 dB and excess loss of 0.03 dB for the polarization-maintaining coupler, and polarization-splitting ratio of 17 dB and excess loss of 0.5 dB for the polarization-splitting coupler have been fabricated by a fusion-elongation method. A fiber polarizer with the extinction ratio of more than 40 dB has been presented by using the difference of bending loss between the orthogonal modes in the PANDA fibers. Multi/demultiplexer with narrow band-pass of 1.4 nm utilizing combination of PANDA fiber polarization dispersion and the polarization-splitting coupler has been realized. An optical isolator consisting of fiber polarizers and a spherical YIG with a lens function and an optical circulator consisting of polarizing-splitting couplers and spherical YIGs have been achieved.     

熔锥型熊猫光纤耦合器的传输特性分析

熔锥型保偏耦合器的传输特性决定了其光学原理与功能的实现。为了从理论上分析各参量对保偏耦合器传输特性的影响,基于热-结构-电磁多物理场耦合理论,建立了熔锥型熊猫光纤耦合器双锥模型,应用有限元法,分析了各参量对熊猫光纤耦合器传输特性的影响。结果表明应力区与包层折射率差影响耦合区纵向电磁场的分布,折射率差越大,纵向电磁场分布的变形也越大;HE1x1模和HEy11模的传播常量对偏振主轴角度差不敏感,偏振主轴角度差是通过耦合系数进而影响保偏光纤耦合器的消光比的;HE1x1模的传播常量对熔锥的熔锥区横截面椭圆率比较敏感,横截面椭圆率变化6.67%时Δβx11变化0.14%,计算结果表明当熔锥区横截面椭圆率为0.56时可获得较高性能的耦合器。     

Strain dependence of Brillouin frequency, intensity, and bandwidth in polarization-maintaining fibers

The strain dependence of the Brillouin gain-loss spectrum for PANDA, bow-tie, and tiger polarization-maintaining fibers has been studied in the range 0 to 50 degrees C. We found a linear relationship between the strain and the Brillouin frequency, intensity, and bandwidth for PANDA and bow-tie fibers. For PANDA fiber at 20-cm spatial resolution, Brillouin frequency gives 7-micro epsilon uncertainty, which is the highest accuracy among three parameters, whereas the Brillouin bandwidth gives 19-micro epsilon uncertainty.     

Fiber devices using polarization- maintaining fibers

Fiber devices using polarization-maintaining fibers called PANDA fibers are presented. They are polarization-maintaining couplers and polarization-splitting couplers, optical isolators and optical circulators, and multi/demultiplexers designed for 1.3 μm wavelength. Crosstalk of-32 dB and excess loss of 0.03 dB for the polarization-maintaining coupler, and polarization-splitting ratio of 17 dB and excess loss of 0.5 dB for the polarization-splitting coupler have been fabricated by a fusion-elongation method. A fiber polarizer with the extinction ratio of more than 40 dB has been presented by using the difference of bending loss between the orthogonal modes in the PANDA fibers. Multi/demultiplexer with narrow band-pass of 1.4 nm utilizing combination of PANDA fiber polarization dispersion and the polarization-splitting coupler has been realized. An optical isolator consisting of fiber polarizers and a spherical YIG with a lens function and an optical circulator consisting of polarizing-splitting couplers and spherical YIGs have been achieved.     

温度补偿的光纤光栅应力传感系统的研究

提出并实验了一种有温度补偿的用于测量应力的光纤光栅传感系统。该系统用一组光纤光栅作为温度传感元件 ,对另一组应力传感的光纤光栅作温度补偿 ,有效地消除了由于温度变化而带来的应力测量误差。用一个应变仪作为系统的读出设备 ,使系统的测量结果的线性拟合度达 0 999。