(Au-Probe)@SiO_2单层纳米粒子膜制备及表面增强拉曼光谱研究

表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)因其高达单分子检测的表面灵敏度而广受青睐,其增强机理主要包括电磁场增强效应(EM)和电荷转移增强(CT)。通常,前者占主导作用,且局域电磁场可极大地增强表面吸附分子的拉曼信号。而介质通常对局域电磁场和EM增强有一定影响,从而影响SERS检测,通过壳层隔绝纳米粒子(SHINs)可避免介质与SERS增强源间的直接接触。但迄今为止,几乎未见有关介质对其增强拉曼光谱(SHINERS)影响的研究,主要因SERS基底均匀性较差所致。制备了两种探针分子内嵌且Au核尺寸不同的核壳纳米粒子,即(55 nm Au-PNTP)@SiO_2和(110 nm Au-pMBA)@SiO_2,壳层厚度分别为3.5和4.0 nm,壳层结构连续且无针孔效应。采用液-液两相成膜法制备其单层膜,转移至固相基底上可作为SERS基底,(55 nm Au-PNTP)@SiO_2单层膜上SERS谱峰强度的相对标准偏差约为5.38%,(110 nm Au-pMBA)@SiO_2单层膜上相对标准偏差约为5.97%,其重现性及均匀性优良,符合作为SERS基底的要求。研究它们分别在空气和水两种介质中的SERS效应,结果表明Au核被致密无针孔效应的SiO_2壳层包裹,且探针分子内嵌其中,由此完全隔绝了电磁场增强源内核Au纳米粒子与介质的直接接触,当改变基底所处的环境时,其实际介质仍为SiO_2,因此在两种介质中SERS信号几乎不发生改变。内嵌探针分子的PNTP或pMBA被包裹在SiO_2壳层内,溶剂及氧气等均无法参与反应,因此探针分子未发生SPR催化反应,保持稳定的光谱特征。由此可见内嵌探针分子的SERS信号强度及光谱特征不受介质的影响,可望作为多介质环境使用的高灵敏度SERS检测以及稳定内标或标记的重要基底。     

可循环表面增强拉曼光谱基底的制备及其应用

以氨基硅烷为偶联剂,硅酸钠为硅源,合成了一种以金为核,二氧化硅为壳的核壳纳米粒子。通过调节硅酸钠的量,反应温度和反应时间控制二氧化硅壳层厚度,获得理想的表面增强效应。通过研究表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)信号强度和二氧化硅层厚度之间的关系优化基底的制备条件。采用对巯基苯和联吡啶作为探针分子进行SERS实验,在一定浓度范围内得到SERS信号强度和浓度的对数之间的线性关系,实验结果表明此组装有Au@SiO2的ITO基底作为可循环利用基底可定量分析吸附物种的浓度。     

Au-TiO_2纳米复合基底的制备及其SERS研究

通过溶胶-水热法合成TiO_2纳米粒子,然后采用光催化还原法通过改变氯金酸(HAuCl4)水溶液浓度和光照时间等参数制备不同量Au沉积的TiO_2(Au-TiO_2)纳米复合体,并以其作为SERS活性基底对吸附在其表面的探针分子(4-MBA)进行SERS研究。与纳米TiO_2上本征的SERS增强相比,适量的Au沉积导致复合基底对4-MBA分子具有更强的SERS增强效应,4-MBA的SERS信号增强来源于贵金属和半导体的共同作用;制备复合基底的光还原时间和氯金酸的浓度对复合基底的SERS增强效应均具有重要的影响。     

一种用于现场快速检测的SERS基底的制备

利用化学自组装方法,首先在色谱玻璃小瓶的内壁吸附上一层PDDA阳离子聚电解质,然后通过静电吸附作用将带有负电荷的银纳米粒子组装到内壁;比较了不同色谱瓶作为吸附银纳米粒子的载体的优缺点;用紫外-可见吸收光谱监测吸附到玻璃瓶内壁的银纳米粒子的表面等离子体共振峰,跟踪银纳米粒子的组装情况;利用对-巯基苯胺作为探针分子研究了基底的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性。结果表明：所制备的SERS小瓶基底具有良好的SERS活性,并且使用简单,保存时间长,适合SERS现场快速检测的需要。     

金纳米-Nylon柔性膜基底的制备及其SERS性能研究

表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）是目前最灵敏的分析技术之一,广泛应用于生命科学、材料科学、环境科学及分析化学等领域。SERS基底的特性决定了该技术的实际应用范围,是推动该技术发展的关键,高活性SERS基底的制备已经逐渐成为SERS研究领域的热点。为了获得最佳的拉曼信号,对具有特殊特性的SERS活性基底的需求一直很大。柔性SERS基底因具有良好的柔韧性,3D支架结构和表面可控的孔径大小等独特优势,在检测化合物和细菌等方面有很好的应用价值。Nylon(尼龙)柔性膜表面具有分级及多孔交错排列3D结构的特点,将固相萃取装置与特殊材料Nylon柔性膜相结合,通过改变金纳米颗粒的附着量以及金纳米颗粒与膜结合次数,制备了高SERS活性的金纳米-Nylon（Au-Nylon）柔性膜基底。研究表明,金纳米颗粒能很好地附着在Nylon纤维上,纳米颗粒与Nylon柔性膜表面等离子共振耦合作用,形成金纳米颗粒与Nylon纤维的复合体,Au-Nylon柔性膜基底的等离子共振吸收峰发生蓝移。首次处理后的Nylon纤维与其所附着的金纳米颗粒形成新的活性截留层,有助于使再次处理时金颗粒更好地附着在柔性膜表面,产生SERS“热点”效应,提高其SERS性能。利用结晶紫（CV）作为SERS探针分子,对Au-Nylon柔性膜基底SERS性能进行分析,发现CV探针分子在Au-Nylon柔性膜基底上的SERS强度随金纳米颗粒的附着量以及金纳米颗粒与膜结合次数而变化。对于面积为1 cm2的Au-Nylon柔性膜基底,当单次过滤金溶胶1 mL,与膜结合2次,总结合量2 mL时,CV探针分子的SERS信号最强,SERS活性最强。采用Au-Nylon柔性膜基底对浓度为2.5×10-5,1×10-5,1×10-6,5×10-7及1×10-7 mol·L-1的CV溶液进行的SERS检测,发现Au-Nylon柔性膜基底对CV探针分子检测极限达1×10-6 mol·L-1,增强因子达到1.0×104。此外,Au-Nylon柔性膜基底均匀性较好,相对平均偏差为11.8%。Au-Nylon柔性膜基底在微生物检测中,仍具有良好SERS活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌的SERS增强效果优于金溶胶。由此可见,研究中制备的Au-Nylon柔性具有良好的均一性,并具有较好的SERS活性,该方法简单且易批量制备,无论在化合物检测还是微生物检测中都具有良好的实际应用价值。     

双金属掺杂改进纳米二氧化钛的SERS性能

通过溶胶-水热法合成了Ni和Zn双金属共掺杂的TiO_2纳米粒子,并以其作为SERS活性基底对吸附在表面的4-巯基苯甲酸(4-MBA)探针分子进行了SERS研究。结果显示,吸附在Ni和Zn共掺杂TiO_2表面上的4-MBA分子展现了不同程度的SERS增强;适当比例的双金属掺杂有利于TiO_2基底对吸附分子的SERS增强。此工作将有助于进一步扩展纳米TiO_2作为SERS活性基底的研究及其应用。     

挥发性有机物的非接触SERS检测

挥发性有机物在自然环境中普遍存在,对人体健康造成显著影响,为此亟待发展高灵敏度的快速识别和检测技术。本文通过制备和优化表面增强拉曼散射(surface-enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)基底,实现了强吸附和弱吸附型挥发性有机物的检测。首先利用化学方法合成了粒径约为30nm的均匀准球形金纳米粒子,该粒子具有SERS效应以及良好的化学稳定性,以该纳米粒子为单元,通过气液两相界面自组装技术制备增强性能好、SERS信号均匀的金纳米粒子单层膜(Au MLF),并以此为SERS基底对挥发性有机物苯硫酚进行了检测。为了实现弱吸附挥发物质的检测,对Au MLF表面进行了修饰,构建了聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)-Au MLF复合基底,实现了苯及二甲苯等弱吸附型挥发性有机物的检测。     

金纳米粒子自组装膜制备及苏丹红Ⅰ的分子SERS光谱研究

调节纳米颗粒相邻间距和排列方式,可以得到宏观有序纳米结构,其具有新的光、电性质,可作为研究亲脂性分子的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)基底。首先制备了直径为16 nm的金纳米粒子,通过界面自组装方法制得金纳米粒子膜,并利用扫描电镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱仪等对其进行了表征,结果表明其有两种膜结构,一种是均匀分布的单层膜,另一种是多层膜结构,它们的吸收峰在590 nm处。将其作为SERS基底,研究了相同条件下苏丹红Ⅰ分子在不同膜结构的谱学变化,发现单层和多层膜上苏丹红Ⅰ的SERS信号有明显差异。最后,初步探究了苏丹红Ⅰ分子随浸泡时间的吸附动力学。     

银纳米立方体的合成及其SERS活性研究

用乙二醇还原硝酸银,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作表面活性剂合成了银纳米立方体晶粒,并以吡啶和SCN-作为探针分子初步研究了银纳米立方体晶粒组装体系的SERS活性。当探针分子吸附于银纳米立方体晶粒上时,吡啶和SCN-的谱峰强度明显增强,表明银纳米立方体晶粒可望作为SERS活性基底。通过研究探针分子的SERS强度与粒子尺度关系,也有望用于表征银纳米立方体晶粒的光学性质。     

一种新型的通用的SERS基底-核壳结构纳米子

为了进一步来提高SERS基底和分子的普适性,本文采取了一种"借力"的方法,设计合成了金核过渡金属薄壳(Au@Pd,Au@Pt,Au@Ni,Au@Co)的核壳结构纳米粒子,借用底层高SERS活性的金核强的电磁场来增强过渡金属表面吸附分子的SERS信号,使得过渡金属表面的增强因子可达104-105。系统地开展了不同壳层厚度及相同壳层厚度下金核大小对SERS活性影响的研究,发现随着壳层厚的增加SERS活性迅速衰减,而且当金核为120-140 nm时可以得到最强的增强。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.