TCTA对红绿磷光有机电致发光器件发光层激子的调控作用

制备了结构为ITO/MoO3(50 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)/CBP:14%GIr1(30 nm)/TCTA(x)/CBP:2%R-4B(10 nm)/BCP(10 nm)/Alq3(40 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm)的红绿磷光有机电致发光器件,GIr1和R-4B分别为红、绿磷光染料。通过在红绿间插入较薄间隔层TCTA的方法,调节载流子、激子在红绿发光层中的分布,并结合TCTA和BCP对发光层内载流子和激子的有效阻挡作用,研究了载流子调控层TCTA在不同厚度下对器件发光性能的影响。结果表明,TCTA为1 nm时,器件的发光性能得到了很好的提升。电压为6 V时,TCTA为1 nm器件的电流密度、亮度、最大电流效率分别为0.509 mA/cm2、69.91 cd/m2和13.72 cd/A,而TCTA为0 nm器件的电流密度、亮度、最大电流效率分别为1.848 mA/cm2、215.7 cd/m2和11.67 cd/A。     

BCP对红色有机电致磷光器件效率的影响

使用R-4B作为磷光掺杂剂,CBP为主体,制作以BCP调节载流子复合的红色磷光器件,器件结构ITO/MoO₃(30)/NPB(40)/TCTA(10)/CBP:R-4B(6%)(15)/BCP(x)/CBP:R-4B(6%)(15)/BCP(10)/Alq₃(40)/LiF/Al, 其中x为BCP的厚度,对五种不同厚度的器件和一个对MoO₃优化好且不加BCP的对比器件,来研究它们的发光性能和效率。实验表明：对于面积为1.18 cm2的器件,BCP为4 nm, MoO₃在30 nm时,它的性能达到了最佳,启亮电压为4 V,最大效率为18.9 cd·A-1,其对应的EL主峰位于612 nm, 色坐标为(0.643,0.353), 得到了稳定高效的红色磷光OLED器件。     

绿色磷光微腔有机电致发光器件研究

使用典型绿色磷光材料Ir(ppy)3作为发光层,DBR和金属Al作为微腔的一对反射镜,制备了结构为Glass/DBR/ITO/Mo O3(1 nm)/Tc Ta(40 nm)/CBP:Ir(ppy)3(40 nm,6%)/TPBI(47 nm)/Li F(1 nm)/Al(80 nm)的绿色磷光微腔有机电致发光器件(MOLED),同时制作了无腔对比OLED器件,研究微腔结构对器件发光性能的影响。发现OLED的电致发光谱(EL)的峰值是510 nm,半峰全宽(FWHM)为70 nm,MOLED的峰值是514 nm,FWHM为35 nm,比OLED窄化了1/2,MOLED的最大亮度、最大电流效率分别为143000 cd/m2和64.4 cd/A,OLED的最大亮度、最大电流效率分别为103000 cd/m2和41.6 cd/A;测试并计算了器件的外量子效率(EQE),MOLED和OLED的最大EQE分别为18.6%和14.3%。结果表明,微腔器件发光性能比无腔器件得到了很大的改善。     

红色磷光微腔有机电致发光器件的发光性能

制备了结构为G/DBR/ITO/Mo O3(1 nm)/Tc Ta(55 nm)/CBP∶Ir(piq)2acac(44 nm,6%)/TPBI(55nm)/Li F(1 nm)/Al(80 nm)的红色磷光微腔有机电致发光器件(MOLED),同时制作了无腔对比器件OLED,研究微腔结构对磷光器件发光性能的影响。研究发现,OLED的电致发光(EL)峰值为626 nm,半高全宽(FWHM)为92 nm;MOLED的发光峰值为628 nm,FWHM为42 nm,窄化了1/2。MOLED的最大亮度、最大电流效率、最大外量子效率(EQE)分别为121 000 cd/m2、27.8 cd/A和28.4%,OLED的最大亮度、最大电流效率、最大EQE分别为54 500 cd/m2、13.1 cd/A和16.6%。结果表明,微腔器件的发光性能与无腔器件相比得到了较大幅度的提升。     

间隔层对红绿磷光有机电致发光器件发光性能的影响

制备了结构为ITO/MoO₃(40 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)/CBP∶GIr1(14%)∶R-4B(2%)(20 nm) /间隔层(3 nm)/ CBP∶GIr1(14%)∶R-4B(2%)(10 nm)/BCP(10 nm)/Alq₃(40 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm) 的有机电致发光器件,间隔层分别为CBP,TCTA,TPBI和BCP,GIr1和R-4B分别为绿红磷光材料。通过加入不同间隔层来调控载流子和激子在发光层内的分布并研究了其对器件发光性能的影响。研究表明TCTA,TPBI和BCP分别作为间隔层的器件较CBP为间隔层的参考器件,电压为6 V时,电流效率分别高出59%,79%和93%,以BCP为间隔层的器件效率最高达到22.58 cd·A-1;TPBI和BCP为间隔层相对于以TCTA为间隔层的器件,在较高的电流密度下,效率滚降更小。分析原因TCTA间隔层较高的LUMO能级和三线态能量将电子和激子限制在较窄的复合区域,提高了载流子相遇形成激子的概率,在较高电流密度下猝灭也更严重;TPBI和BCP由于具有较高的HOMO能级和电子传输能力,拓宽了激子的复合区域。间隔层引起电子或空穴的累积,形成较高的空间电场,有利于发光层相应载流子的注入与传输。由于发光层掺杂方式为红绿共掺,器件均获得了较好的色坐标稳定性。     

钙铝镁合金阴极对WOLED器件性能的影响

采用Ca/Al/Mg合金作为器件的阴极,基于红绿/蓝双发光层制作了6种白色磷光OLED器件,器件结构为ITO/MoO₃ (30 nm)/NPB (40 nm)/mCP:Firpic (8%,40 nm)/CBP:R-4B (2%):Ir(ppy)₃ (14%,5 nm)/TPBi (10 nm)/Alq₃(40 nm)/Ca:Al:Mg (x%,100 nm) (x=0,5,10,15,20,25)。通过改变Mg的掺杂比例,研究了不同比例的Ca/Al/Mg合金阴极对器件性能的影响。结果表明:Mg质量分数为15%的Ca/Al/Mg阴极具有良好的电子注入特性,有效改善了器件的发光特性,最大发光亮度可达1 504 cd/m²,效率达到最大值14.3 cd/A,色坐标接近(0.46, 0.42)。     

非掺杂型高效绿色磷光有机电致发光器件

在空穴传输层TCTA与电子传输层TPBi之间引入磷光染料Ir(ppy)3超薄发光层,制备了结构为ITO/MoO_3(2 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)/Ir(ppy)3(xnm)/TPBi(40 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(80 nm)的非掺杂磷光有机电致发光器件。通过调控非掺杂发光层的厚度,详细研究了Ir(ppy)3层厚度对器件性能的影响。实验结果表明,当非掺杂发光层厚度为0.2 nm时,器件的性能最好,器件的亮度、效率和外量子效率分别达到26 350 cd·m~(-2)、42.9 cd·A~(-1)和12.9%。研究结果表明,采用超薄的非掺杂发光层可以简化器件结构和制备工艺,获得高效率的OLED器件。     

间隔层对双发光层白色有机电致发光器件性能的影响

采用蓝色bis (FIrpic)和黄色bis iridium(acetylacetonate) 两种磷光染料,制备了双发光层结构的白色有机电致发光器件,器件结构为ITO/TAPC (30 nm)/host: (t-bt)₂Ir(acac) /spacer (x nm)/host: FIrpic (15 nm, 8%)/Bphen (40 nm)/Mg∶Ag (200 nm)。分别选用p型1,1-bis cyclohexane (TAPC)和n型tris borane (3TPYMB)作为主体材料制备了两种类型的器件,通过在两个发光层之间加入一层较薄的间隔层进行器件优化。结果表明,加入间隔层之后,器件性能得到提高,获得了色稳定性较好的白光器件。当主体为TAPC时,使用间隔层后器件取得最大亮度为19 550 cd/m²,最大电流效率为8.3 cd/A;当主体为3TPYMB时,使用间隔层后器件的最大亮度为1 950 cd/m²,最大电流效率为30.7 cd/A。实验结果表明,器件性能的提高,是由于加入了间隔层之后载流子复合区域拓宽,促进了发光层中电子和空穴的平衡。     

双空穴注入的绿色磷光有机电致发光器件

制作了一种新型绿色磷光有机电致发光二极管。器件结构为ITO/HAT-CN(x nm)/MoO3(30 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)/CPB∶GIr1(30 nm,14%)/BCP(10 nm)/Alq3(25 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm),其中X=0,8,10,12,14,15 nm。电流密度-电压-亮度特性表明该结构有利于降低驱动电压和增加器件亮度。当HAT-CN厚度为12 nm时,器件的最高亮度可以达到32 480 cd/m2,起亮电压为3.5 V左右,发光效率为24.2cd/A。所设计的空穴型器件证明该器件结构具有很好的空穴注入和传输特性。     

基于Alq_3掺杂Bphen电子传输层的有机发光二极管

制备了结构为ITO/MoO_3(30 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)/CBP∶R-4B(8%)(30 nm)/电子传输层(40 nm)/Li F(1 nm)/Al(150 nm)的器件,其中R-4B为红色磷光染料,电子传输层分别采用Alq_3、Bphen∶Alq_3(x%)和Bphen,对3种不同电子传输层器件的发光性能进行了研究。结果表明:Bphen∶Alq_3(x%)作为电子传输层的器件与Alq_3或Bphen作为电子传输层的器件相比,亮度提高了约3.5倍,电流效率提高了1.1~2.5倍,效率滚降变得平缓。采用Bphen∶Alq_3作为电子传输层,不仅减小了电子在LUMO能级传输时的跳跃传输距离,而且在一定程度上抑制了Bphen的结晶,使器件的电子传输能力和效率滚降性能得到改善。     

铝诱导层交换超薄多晶硅薄膜制备及压阻特性

超薄多晶硅薄膜具有优异的压敏特性。铝诱导层交换(ALILE)制备多晶硅薄膜具有成膜温度低薄膜性能优良等特点。利用ALILE方法在玻璃基底上低温条件下制备了50 nm超薄多晶硅(poly-Si)薄膜,并对薄膜微观结构及压阻特性进行了研究。Raman光谱在521 cm-1出现尖锐、对称的特征峰,表明超薄多晶硅薄膜晶化状态良好。此外,在拉曼光谱480 cm-1处没有明显出现a-Si的Raman特征峰也说明制备的poly-Si薄膜样品完全结晶;XRD光谱表明ALILE制备薄膜在(111)和(220)晶向择优生长,晶粒尺寸约5 μm;霍尔效应测试结果表明：ALILE制备薄膜为p型掺杂,空穴浓度为9×1018～6×1019 cm-3;压阻特性研究表明：ALILE超薄多晶硅薄膜应变系数(GF)达到了60以上,且与薄膜厚度相关;应变温度相关系数(TCGF)在-0.17～0%℃范围内;电阻温度相关系数(TCR)在-0.2～-0.1%℃范围内。ALILE超薄多晶硅薄膜具有GF大、TCGF小和TCR小等特点。因此,有望在压力传感器领域得到应用。     

Ground Layer Adaptive Optics

We will introduce the present knowledge of the turbulence profile and in particular we will emphasise the existence of a turbulence layer close to the ground. Then we will present the concept of Ground Layer Adaptive Optics and will provide estimates of performance expected from such systems and their potential for astronomical applications. Finally we will provide practical implementation concepts for two instruments at the VLT, MUSE and HAWK-I using multi-Laser Guide Stars and a large Deformable Secondary Mirror. The latter will also be described as its use is optimum for GLAO systems. To cite this article: N. Hubin et al., C. R. Physique 6 (2005).     

有机电致发光器件中由缓冲层薄膜诱导产生的空穴传输层薄膜的结晶化

有机薄膜层的结晶是有机电致发光器件衰减的主要机理之一。研究发现以CaPe做为缓冲层时比没有缓冲层时NPB薄膜更容易结晶,CuPc对NPB薄膜具有诱导结晶作用。通过原子力显微镜(AFM)以及宽角X射线衍射(WAXRD)详细研究了不同厚度、不同颗粒大小的缓冲层CuPc薄膜对空穴传输层NPB薄膜的结晶诱导作用。这个发现为以下结论提供了证据,以CuPc薄膜做为缓冲层的OLED器件的长期衰减可部分归结于由缓冲层CuPc引起的空穴传输层NPB薄膜的结晶。     

Clay induced aggregation of a tetra-cationic metalloporphyrin in Layer by Layer self assembled film

Porphyrins have a general tendency to form aggregates in ultrathin films. Also electrostatic adsorption of cationic porphyrins onto anionic nano clay platelets results in the flattening of porphyrin moieties. The flattening is evidenced by the red-shifting of Soret band with respect to the aqueous solution. In the present communication, we have studied the clay induced aggregation behaviour of a tetra-cationic metalloporphyrin Manganese (III) 5, 10, 15, 20-tetra (4 pyridyl)-21 H, 23 H-porphine chloride tetrakis (methochloride) (MnTMPyP) in Layer-by-Layer (LbL) self assembled film. The adsorption of dye molecules onto nano clay platelets resulted in the flattening of the meso substituent groups of the dye chromophore. In Layer-by-Layer ultrathin film, the flattened porphyrin molecules tagged nano clay platelets were further associated to form porphyrin aggregates. This has been clearly demonstrated from the UV–vis absorption spectroscopic studies. Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM) studies gave visual evidence of the association of organo-clay hybrid molecules in the LbL film.     

铁磁/反铁磁双层膜中交换偏置及矫顽场的温度特性研究

讨论了铁磁-反铁磁双层膜中交换偏置和矫顽场随温度变化的关系。在本模型中,温度的依赖性来源于系统态的热激发以及相关磁学参量的温度依赖性。数值结果显示:低温下,交换偏置和矫顽场随温度的升高而减少,但是随着界面的交换耦合的增强或铁磁层各向异性的减少,其交换偏置变得平坦。随着温度的升高,交换偏置减少直至零;而矫顽场却达到峰值后再减为零。这些结果与实验结果定性一致。根据数值计算结果,可以预见软的铁磁层耦合上硬的反铁磁层,在恰当的交换耦合强度下,可构建具有大的交换偏置、小矫顽场;并在某温度区几乎不随温度变化的磁存贮器件.     

二元光学元件衍射效率的逐层分析法研究

提出了一种有效的分析二元光学元件衍射效率的新方法－逐层分析法，并对四台阶二元器件，就蚀刻深度误差和横向对准误差对器件衍射效率的影响进行了详细的分析和讨论，证明了用该方法分析含有横向对准误差的二元光学元件的衍射效率非常简便有效。     

Knudsen Layer for Gas Mixtures

The Knudsen layer in rarefied gas dynamics is essentially described by a half-space boundary-value problem of the linearized Boltzmann equation, in which the incoming data are specified on the boundary and the solution is assumed to be bounded at infinity (Milne problem). This problem is considered for a binary mixture of hard-sphere gases, and the existence and uniqueness of the solution, as well as some asymptotic properties, are proved. The proof is an extension of that of the corresponding theorem for a single-component gas given by Bardos, Caflisch, and Nicolaenko [Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 39:323 (1986)]. Some estimates on the convergence of the solution in a finite slab to the solution of the Milne problem are also obtained.     

Vibrational Spectra of Layer Crystals

Abstract

Layer crystals have received considerable attention of spectroscopists because of the wide range of electrical and optical properties they possess. The group of layered chalcogenide crystals contains insulators, semiconductors, metals, and superconductors at moderately high temperature. The layered halide crystals act as reliable hosts for Jahn-Teller, ESR, and other optical experiments. The layerlike nature of such crystals leads to experimentally distinguishable lattice optical properties. The existence of layer and crystal symmetries is clearly manifested in the vibrational spectra of these crystals which have been determined in recent years by means of infrared and Raman investigations of the zone center modes. The large anisotropy of electrical properties leads to LO-TO splitting, while the small interlayer interaction gives rise to Davydov-type splitting besides low frequency interlayer modes. Thus investigations of such crystals have been a considerable addition to our knowledge of the vibration spectra of crystals, in general. In fact, a few of these studies provide very transparent examples of the subject.     

Layer potentials and acoustic diffraction

Various more or less classical layer potential representations of the diffracted acoustic field within an enclosure or external to an obstacle are discussed. It is shown that it is always possible to find such a representation which yields to an integral equation equivalent to the partial derivative boundary value problem: that is, the conditions of existence and uniqueness of the solution are the same in both formulations. Several numerical experiments are reported, which show that simple and reasonably inexpensive techniques provide predictions of the acoustic field, or of the eigenfrequencies, with an accuracy sufficient for acoustical engineering purposes.     

Layer Communities in Multiplex Networks

Journal of Statistical Physics - Multiplex networks are a type of multilayer network in which entities are connected to each other via multiple types of connections. We propose a method, based on...