多光束激光远场干涉实验研究

设计了多组多孔径光阑,将激光扩束后通过自制的多孔径光阑,获得多光束相干激光光源.基于多光束干涉理论,通过改变不同的光阑,得到多组点状阵列分布的远场干涉图样,结果表明远场中心主瓣具有随着占空比减小能量降低、旁瓣增多的分布规律.实验结果表明,相干源呈正三角形分布时能量集中度较好.对高功率激光相干合成具有一定的参考意义.     

环形光束的聚焦性质研究

从理想的环形光束出发,理论上分析了环形聚焦光束在焦点附近的光强分布情况,以及光束内外径之比对聚焦性质的影响.然后利用数值模拟的手段,研究了带软化因子的环形光束的聚焦性质,在整体上给出了环形光束的聚焦性质.     

扇形孔径的远场衍射和锯齿形光阑的消高频衍射

采用了一种简单有效的方法,模拟了一些扇形和部分环形孔径的远场衍射分布.并讨论了大形激光工程中,锯齿形空间滤波器的消高频衍射.     

有振幅调制和相位畸变光束通过硬边光阑的M2因子

光束传输M^2因子是表征激光束的有用参量。利用矩形函数的复高斯函数的近似展开方法,给出部分相干光通过硬边光阑后强度二阶矩的近似计算公式,由此可得到部分相干光通过硬边光阑后的推广M^2因子。以有振幅调制和相位畸变光束为例,推导出相应的推广M^2因子的解析表达式,通过数值计算对提出的近似算法的计算精度进行了分析。研究结果表明,使用该近似方法计算得到的推广M^2因子的计算误差小于1％,且通过该方法可直接得到相应的近似解析计算公式,从而使计算得以简化,并有效地提高了计算效率。     

高斯反射率输出镜改善光束质量的实验研究

非稳腔能产生大体积基模,具有好的空间选模特性,但在固体调Q激光器中,由于孔径光阑和热畸变的影响,非稳腔输出的横模并不光滑.使用高斯反射率耦合输出镜可较好地改善其输出光束质量,设计了平-凸非稳腔,使用Nd:YAG,电光调Q固体激光器进行实验,获得了较为平滑的远场光强分布,实验结果表明高斯反射率输出镜可较好地改善固体激光器中非稳腔输出光束质量.     

Measurement of resonance frequency and loss factor of a microphone diaphragm using a laser vibrometer

The pressure sensitivity of a laboratory standard microphone is determined using a reciprocity technique that measures the electrical transfer impedance of two microphones connected acoustically by a coupler. The electrical transfer impedance is a function of the coupler volume and the equivalent volumes of the microphones. The equivalent volume given as a function of the frequency can be determined in experiments or can be calculated if the equivalent volume at a low frequency as well as the resonance frequency and loss factor of the microphone diaphragm are known. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the resonance frequency and the loss factor accurately to obtain an accurate reading of the pressure sensitivity.In this paper, a new method to determine the resonance frequency and loss factor of a microphone diaphragm is proposed. The frequency response of the diaphragm displacement is measured by a laser vibrometer and the part of the response near the resonance frequency is used to determine the microphone parameters via least square fitting with the equation of a vibration model with one degree-of-freedom. Since the values measured by this method are close to the nominal values and the repeatability is highly feasible, the proposed method will be useful to determine the resonance frequency and loss factor of a microphone diaphragm.     

射频板条CO2激光器输出光束的光学变换

射频激励板条CO2激光器输出激光近场光斑近似为一条线,远场光斑为O形图样。在垂直于光束传输方向的平面内,光束在一个方向发散很大,无法用于激光加工。根据激光器不同的激光功率级别及光束尺寸,分别采用了圆柱面镜、滤波光阑、扩束望远镜等不同组合的方法,将200 W激光器输出光束变换成远场光束为Φ6、近似TEM00模的圆形光束,500 W激光器远场光束为Φ10的低阶模的圆形光束。成功用于激光切割。     

Enhanced applications of speaker-modulated helium–neon laser beam

Wide range of applications using He–Ne laser were carried out employing speaker for vibration modulation. The very simple method was achieved by gluing a mirror to the diaphragm of an ordinary miniature speaker. The technique allows many of the applications that depend on laser absorption coincidences to be performed by a He–Ne laser enhancing by the range of applications in which it can be used and avoiding the complications and expenses needed for sophisticated equipment. Speaker modulation was found efficient and comparable to mechanical chopper modulation. The method is sensitive enough to determine minute changes in index of refraction or transparent material thickness change and suitable for odor emission monitor.     

多波长单腔型自锁模飞秒钛宝石激光器的运转特性

在自锁模飞秒钛宝石激光器运转状态不变的条件下,仅仅改变所加光阑,便可获得三波长或双波长的飞秒光脉冲运转.在此基础上,我们比较了这两种运转状态下激光器输出脉冲的脉宽,啁啾、中心波长间距和输出功率的差异.给出了在不同条件下运转时的双波长激光器的输出特性.讨论了多波长运转时的一些规律.     

The features of nonlinear absorption during resonance one- and two-photon excitation of the basic exciton transition in colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

The features of the nonlinear absorption of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (colloidal solution) in the case of resonant one- and two-photon excitation of the basic exciton transition by powerful ultra-short laser pulses were determined. In one-photon excitation, with an increasing intensity of impulses, a decrease in absorption (bleaching) is relayed by an increase in absorption, which is associated with the process of the filling of the states (saturation) of a two-level system with the lifetime of the excited state depending on the light intensity. The arising Fresnel or Fraunhofer diffraction of the laser ray that pass through a colloidal solution with a high concentration of quantum dots is associated with the formation of the transparency channel and self-diffraction of laser ray on an induced diaphragm. In two-photon excitation, the features of the nonlinear absorption and luminescence tracks (the dependence of luminescence intensity on distance) were explained by the influence, in addition to the two-photon absorption, of the processes that are responsible for the slower growth of nonlinear absorption and luminescence quenching at high intensities of laser pulses.     

线结构光传感器中非线性光源单向扩展光路设计

为了减小线结构光传感器光源对测量精度的影响 ,设计了一种集整形和能量校正为一体的非线性光源单向扩展光路。应用反高斯分布的液体吸收滤光镜 ,实现了高斯光束强度的径向均匀化。并应用矩形光阑和两个相互垂直放置的柱面镜 ,对准直后的激光束进行整形 ,分别在不同的方向进行拉伸和压缩 ,得到了形状理想的线光源。此技术已成功应用于BGA芯片管脚的三维尺寸测量中。     

基于波导管的无缝扫描光刻激光均束设计

351nm波长的准分子激光器由光波导管作为激光均束器,直接输出正六角形均匀分布的照明光束,能在大面积激光投影光刻中实现无缝扫描。同目前常用的微透镜阵列器相比制作简单,无须光阑就能直接获取所需要的六角形光束,减少了能量损失。通过合理的假设和理论推算,依据管内最大反射次数就能适当地选取光波导管的长度,既保证了足够的反射次数以维持良好的均匀性,同时又避免了不必要的管长所带来的更多反射损耗。利用ZEMAX光学设计软件模拟和分析了由光波导管输出的照明光。结果表明,输出的六角形光束的相对光通量为96%,近似于平顶的能量分布,呈现出了极好的均匀性。     

真空激光自动监测大坝变形技术

针对大坝变形观测要求精度高和长期稳定可靠的难题，对美国斯坦福大学安装、调整直线加速器的真空中激光三点法作了关键性改进，并移用于大坝，其中用小孔代替透镜组，其作用是定位、限漂、扩束和点化，20年来，该技术先后运用和推广到太平哨、丰满、龚嘴、桓仁、云峰和太平湾大坝，特别在丰满发挥了重大的社会效益，该已正式被确定用于三峡。     

针剂中异物的光电检测方法研究

针剂在实际生产过程中容易混入异物颗粒,异物颗粒影响人体健康,因此针剂在出厂前必须进行异物检测.本文提出了一种基于光阻法的针剂异物的检测方法,介绍了检测原理及其信号处理方法,单瓶静态实验表明,该方法与人工检测方法比较,符合率为96.30%.针对检测区域和测试时间过小所造成的漏检可能,提出了双光路检测方法,并通过实验论证了其可行性.     

Structure of a single sharp quantum Hall edge probed by momentum-resolved tunneling

Momentum-resolved magnetotunneling spectroscopy is performed at a single sharp quantum Hall (QH) edge to probe the structure of integer QH edge modes. An epitaxially overgrown cleaved edge is shown to realize the sharp-edge limit with interchannel distances smaller than both the magnetic length and the Bohr radius where the Chklovskii soft-edge picture is no longer valid. The line shape of principal conductance peaks is explained, and an edge filling factor is determined from the peak position. A step in the dispersion is attributed to fluctuations in the QH ground energy.     

Integrated Optic Pressure Sensor Using Intermodal Interference between Two Mutual Orthogonal Guided-Modes

We theoretically and experimentally investigated fundamental characteristics of an integrated optic pressure sensor using intermodal interference between the lowest-order TM-like and TE-like modes. The sensor consists of a rectangular diaphragm and a straight single-mode waveguide along an edge of the diaphragm. Its operation is based on a difference of phase retardations produced in the two guided modes through the photoelastic effect. The sensor was fabricated by bonding two glass substrates together: a Corning 0211 glass 300 μMm thick to form a waveguide and a thick substrate with a 10 mm × 10 mm square hole to define the diaphragm. The fabricated sensor was successfully tested using a He-Ne laser at 633 nm. The halfwave pressure was measured to be 77 kPa which is almost double the theoretical estimate.     

Electro-optic Q-switched intracavity optical parametric oscillator at 1.53 μm based on KTiOAsO4

An eye-safe, high peak power optical parameter oscillator (OPO) intracavity pumped by electro-optic Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is presented. This OPO is based on a 20 mm length KTiOAsO₄ crystal with non-critical phase matching (θ = 90°, ?=0°) cut. An aperture ∅3 mm acted as limiting diaphragm to get good beam quality of pumping laser. The output energy of 25 mJ at the signal wavelength 1.53 μm was obtained with repetition rate of 1 Hz. The highest peak power intensity was up to 88 MW/cm² with pulse width of 4 ns. Without diaphragm, the maximum output energy of 90 mJ was achieved with area of light spot (∅6 mm) four times larger, but the peak power intensity was lower.     

Change of optimum conditions of second harmonic generation of spatial limited laser beams in nonlinear crystals

Frequency doubling of spatially limited laser beams in nonlinear crystals is investigated theoretically. It was shown that the major factor, which reduces the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency in this case, is a diaphragm aperture effect, caused by influence of extraordinary polarized laser beams. In that case a spatial shift of mutually orthogonally polarized beams of the incident waves relative to each other in perpendicular direction of wave transmission at the entry to crystals lead to increase the efficiency of SHG of limited beams.     

Efficient collinear frequency tripling of femtosecond laser with compensation of group velocity delay

This paper demonstrates an approach that negative uniaxial crystal has a relative anomalous dispersion effect which can compensate group velocity delay, and applies this approach to nonlinear frequency conversion of an ultrafast laser field. High efficiency of the third harmonic generation is experimentally fulfilled by adopting a collinear configuration of doubing-compensation-tripling system. Through finely adjusting the incident angle and optical axis direction of the compensation plate, it obtains ultraviolet (UV) output energy of 0.32~mJ centered at 270~nm with spectral bandwidth of 2~nm when input beam at 800~nm was 70~fs pulse duration and 6~mJ pulse energy which was extracted from Ti:sapphire laser system by a diaphragm, corresponding to an 800-to-270~nm conversion efficiency of 5.3% and a factor-of-1.6 improvement in the third harmonic generation of UV band in comparison with a general conventional configuration. Furthermore, when the full energy of 18~mJ from a Ti:sapphire laser system was used and optimized, the UV emission could reach 0.83~mJ.     

Initial testing of a high-repetition-rate electron-beam-pumped KrF laser amplifier

The initial test results of the high-repetition-rate (rep-rate) electron-beam (e-beam) pumped KrF laser amplifier under development in our laboratory are reported. This amplifier is aimed at producing a laser energy of 20 J per pulse at a rep rate of 1 Hz. Thus far, 700 consecutive e-beampulses (250 kV, 270 J/pulse) were generated at a rep rate of 1 Hz. The laser gas was repetitively pumped by the e-beams injected through the water-cooled diaphragm foils. Received: 5 February 2001 / Published online: 21 March 2001