光纤光栅自动化金属粘接性能

用超级电镀技术将光纤光栅应变传感元件自动粘接在金属基体上,力学模型分析表明该方法可以有效提升应变传递效率.为了检测该方法的可行性,从光纤光栅自动化粘接的主要工艺环节出发,以光纤光栅的光谱特性为研究对象,以材料力学试验为手段,对自动化金属粘接后的3个光纤光栅进行了光学特性分析和力学特性试验.结果表明:自动化金属粘接光纤光栅的成活率为100%,光纤光栅粘接后的应变测量灵敏度保持在1.2 pm/με,应变传递效率在0.98以上,线性度达0.99,光纤光栅在加卸中的一致性偏差仅为10~(-6)、漂移仅为0.05,优于传统手工粘接.     

FBG应变传感器应力疲劳极限传感寿命评估方法

光纤光栅应变传感器在应力疲劳作用下不可避免地出现性能衰退,为了评估其极限传感寿命,从光纤光栅传感原理出发,理论推导了应力疲劳作用引起的满度相对误差表达式,以工业仪表精确度等级作为传感器的极限状态阈值,提出了基于等强度梁的极限传感寿命测试方法.利用该方法评估了高桩码头结构健康监测应用环境中光纤光栅应变传感器的极限传感寿命,以满度相对误差变化4%作为极限失效阈值,对4支传感器进行了1.32亿应力疲劳实验.当疲劳至1.32亿次时,2支传感器达到极限传感寿命,1支传感器接近极限传感寿命,即极限传感寿命约为1.32亿次.实验结果表明,提出的方法能有效地测试不同结构健康监测需求下,光纤光栅应变传感器的应力疲劳极限传感寿命.     

3D打印封装光纤光栅传感器应变传递机理研究

采用3D打印方法开发光纤光栅应变传感器,建立裸光纤光栅传感器、3D打印封装层、被测基体三者之间的应变耦合传递的分离式模型,推导光纤光栅传感器与被测基体的应变传递关系,分析夹持式3D打印光纤光栅应变传感器应变传递率的影响因素,包括封装层弹性模量、封装层厚度、黏结长度。研究结果表明平均应变传递率与封装层弹性模量和黏结长度呈正相关,与封装层厚度呈负相关。研究成果对夹持式光纤光栅应变测量、误差修正和传感器设计,以及3D打印技术封装光纤布拉格光栅的可行性具有参考意义。     

荧光光纤光栅传感特性的实验研究

在载氢掺铒光纤上写入Bragg光纤光栅，得到新型光子学器件-荧光光纤光栅.分别对其Bragg波长（λB）及荧光寿命（τ）的温度（T）及应变（ε）响应特性进行了实验研究，并且给出了λB和τ分别关于（T，ε）的拟合方程.实验结果表明：荧光光纤光栅的λB对T和ε的响应具备一般Bragg光纤光栅的优良特性，测得温度灵敏度为11.1pm /℃，应变灵敏度为1.19pm/με；而且τ对T和ε的响应也具有良好的线性关系，温度灵敏度为0.59 μs/℃，应变灵敏度为6.16 ns/με.实验结论为解决温度应力交叉敏感、实现温度应力的同时监测提供一条新颖的途径.     

合金钢封装光纤Bragg光栅传感器传感特性的研究

提出了一种光纤光栅新型合金钢封装结构。利用等强度悬臂梁和温度控制箱对合金钢封装光纤布拉格光栅的应力和温度传感特性进行了测量。实验表明,采用该种封装的光纤光栅传感器保持了裸光纤光栅的响应灵敏度,其拉应变灵敏度系数为1.17pm/με,压应变灵敏度系数为1.2pm/με,温度灵敏度系数为11.3pm/℃,线性响应度在0.9995以上,可满足实际应用的要求。     

光纤布拉格光栅传感器应变传递双向耦合分析

粘贴于受弯基体表面的光纤布拉格光栅传感器测量应变与基体真实应变之间存在误差,因此研究光纤布拉格光栅传感器的变形机理、分析测量应变与真实应变之间的关系是目前的研究热点.首先研究光纤布拉格光栅传感器与基体之间的相互作用机理,然后,利用有限元解、实验值和理论解进行对比验证,并分析产生误差的原因.最后,通过参数分析研究弹性模量、厚度、粘结长度等参数对光纤布拉格光栅传感器测量效果的影响.结果表明有限元解、实验值和理论解具有相同的变化趋势,有限元解与理论解的误差在2%以内,测量值与理论解的误差在7%以内.平均应变传递率随着基体弹性模量的增大、粘结长度的增长而逐渐增大,随粘结层弹性模量的减小、粘结层厚度的增大而逐渐减小.该理论对应用于受弯基体应变测量的光纤布拉格光栅传感器的设计具有一定的指导意义.     

非轴向力下埋入式光纤传感器应变传递分析

利用剪滞法建立了当光纤光栅传感器的轴线和基体主应力的方向成一定角度时,光纤光栅传感器的测量应变与基体结构实际应变之间的关系,进而得出了光纤光栅传感器的平均应变传递率的一般公式。采用裸光纤光栅传感器进行实验,在倾斜角度α为30.72°时,实验所得的波长变化之比分别为:0.727,0.738,0.746;理论计算所得的波长变化之比为0.739,相对误差都在2%以内。同时分析了埋设角度偏差对测量结果的影响。研究结果表明,非轴向力作用下光纤光栅传感器的应变与结构基体应变之间的传递关系与其在轴向力作用下存在明显的区别,埋设角度的偏差会给测量结果造成一定的误差。     

双涂层光纤应变传感器的理论与实验研究

对带有聚合物涂敷层和缓冲层的光纤应变传感器的力学特性进行了研究，建立了双涂层光纤与基体材料相互作用的线弹性理论模型.理论研究表明：在小半径近似条件下，双涂层光纤的力学传递特性决定于涂覆层和缓冲层的弹性模量的相对值；当缓冲层的弹性模量远大于涂覆层时，其作用可忽略.实验中，将光纤传感器埋入基体材料内部，利用白光干涉应变测量方法，对平均应变传递系数进行了实验研究.实验结果与理论仿真具有较好的一致性.     

基于夹持粘贴式的光纤光栅传感器力热耦合测试

针对力热耦合环境中对结构件应变测试的准确获取问题,提出一种基于夹持粘贴式与温度补偿解耦的裸光纤光栅传感器应变测试方法。首先,通过有限元分析对比夹持粘贴式、表面粘贴式两种与基材集成方式的应变传递率,两者应变传递率分别为99.47%与95.8%;然后,以光纤胶粘应变传递理论及有限元仿真分析不同标距比对夹持粘贴式光纤光栅传感器应变传递率的影响,发现随着标距比增加,应变传递率逐渐衰减。基于粘贴形式与标距比分析结果,选取标距比为1的夹持式裸光纤光栅与基材粘贴集成为试验件,同时集联一条裸光纤光栅温度传感器,在完成对光纤光栅温度/应变标定测试后,进行100～250℃、3 000με范围内的试验件梯度高温拉伸测试。实验结果表明,利用温度补偿法解耦出光纤光栅传感器测量的应变结果与标准高温应变片结果的平均相对误差最大值为2.26%。该研究结果对高温下光纤光栅传感器应变测量与集成的工程应用具有一定参考意义。     

光纤光栅式飞机驾驶杆杆力传感器研究

提出了一种基于光纤布喇格光栅的飞机驾驶杆力传感器.理论上讨论了飞机驾驶杆弹性元件力学特性和光纤布喇格光栅的应变传感特性,分析了飞机驾驶杆力传感器的灵敏特性.实验上通过测量不同外加载荷力作用下光纤光栅中心波长变化,研究了光纤光栅式飞机驾驶杆力传感器的传感响应特性.实验结果表明:光纤光栅中心波长漂移量和外加载荷力成线性关系,与理论分析吻合;传感器的横向与纵向灵敏度可以分别达到2.07pm.N-1和1.80pm.N-1,与数值模拟结果基本一致.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.