Au@Pt-NPs/GC修饰电极对亚硝酸根的电催化性质

采用电化学沉积法直接制备了Au@Pt核壳纳米粒子玻碳修饰电极(Au@Pt-NPs/GC CME),通过改变合成双金属纳米粒子时的Au、Pt材料比例,考察不同材料比例的Au@Pt双金属纳米粒子修饰电极对亚硝酸根离子(NOf)的电催化氧化行为,研究表明金和铂之间存在协同催化作用,使Au@Pt-NPs比单独铂和金纳米粒子具有...     

纳米MnO2对鲁米诺电化学发光的增敏作用

合成了纳米MnO2,考察了在碱性条件下将纳米MnO2添加到溶液体系中以及用溶胶-凝胶法修饰在铂电极上对鲁米诺的电化学发光(ECL)的影响,实验结果表明,在碱性条件下纳米MnO2在溶液体系中和修饰在铂片电极上对鲁米诺的电化学发光都有明显的增强作用.进一步研究了在纳米MnO2存在下,鲁米诺在铂片电极表面的固定,并制得电化学发光电极,获得良好性能.     

离子型聚合物修饰电极的电化学发光特性

通过静电相互吸引作用对导电玻璃电极表面进行聚乙烯亚胺和聚丙烯酸分子层修饰,比较了修饰电极对中性介质中鲁米诺电化学发光的影响.结果表明,聚乙烯亚胺修饰层对电极反应的影响相对较小,而对鲁米诺分子的电化学发光具有极大的增强效应.荷正电的聚乙烯亚胺修饰分子与鲁米诺激发态3-氨基邻苯二甲酸阴离子间静电相互作用而导致的激发态稳定性增加,对鲁米诺分子的电化学发光的增强起着关键作用.     

具有强紫外上转换发射特性的小尺寸、水溶性 NaYF4∶Yb,Tm纳米晶的合成与表征

利用高温热解法合成了小尺寸、粒径均匀分布的NaYF₄∶18%Yb,0.5%Tm纳米晶,并通过配体交换的方法实现了纳米晶油溶性向水溶性的转变。通过X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜和荧光光谱仪对修饰前后的纳米晶进行了结构、形貌和光学性质的表征。实验结果表明:所合成的样品是纯六角相NaYF₄(β-NaYF₄),且粒径均匀分布在35 nm左右。在980 nm近红外光激发下,修饰前后的纳米晶具有强的紫外上转换发射特性,其Tm³⁺离子的五光子上转换发光强度强于四光子和三光子上转换发光强度。鉴于这种特殊的光学性质以及小的尺寸,所合成的水溶性纳米晶在生物医学领域显示出潜在的应用价值。     

金纳米粒子修饰ITO玻璃电极对多巴胺的测定

利用自组装的方法制备了一种金纳米粒子修饰的ITO导电玻璃电极,采用扫描电镜、紫外可见光谱对该电极进行表征,用循环伏安法研究了该电极对多巴胺电化学行为的影响,得到该修饰电极能分开多巴胺和抗坏血酸的氧化峰.     

金核-铂壳纳米修饰电极在酸性溶液中对甲醛的电催化氧化

制备了金(核)铂(壳)结构纳米粒子(Au@Pt-NPs)及其Au@Pt-NPs/PVP膜修饰电极,考察该修饰电极在酸性介质中对甲醛的电催化氧化行为,研究表明金和铂之闻存在协同催化作用.使Au@Pt纳米粒子比单独铂和金纳米粒子具有更高的催化活性.循环伏安行为显示修饰电极的氧化峰电流与溶液中甲醛浓度有良好的线性关系,线性范围为0.01-0.4mg/g、检出限为4ug/g,可作为甲醛的一种灵敏而快速的电化学检测方法.     

PVP/洛美沙星-铽纳米粒子微波合成及其荧光特性研究

以PVP为表面修饰剂,用微波合成法制备了粒径分布均匀性能稳定的洛美沙星-铽(LELX-Tb3 )纳米粒子,用扫描电镜、红外光谱和荧光光谱进行了表征.重点分析了PVP的引入对洛美沙星-铽纳米粒子的粒径分布、粒子形貌、红外光谱和荧光光谱的影响,发现PVP修饰后的洛美沙星-铽纳米粒子具有更均匀的尺寸分布,荧光发射峰强度增强;确证了PVP的用量是制备洛美沙星-铽纳米粒子的一个重要因素;探讨了PVP对LFLX-Tb3 荧光的增敏机理.     

限域Pd纳米微粒的增强红外吸收及其对电位响应速度的原位分子探针红外反射光谱研究

Y型沸石分子筛的超笼为微反应器 ,以“瓶中造船”方式合成纳米钯粒子 (nm Pd)。分别以聚氯乙烯(PVC)和Nafion(高氟化树脂 )为粘合剂 ,采用混合滴涂法和分步滴涂法制备载钯分子筛修饰电极。以CO为探针 ,用电化学原位FTIR反射光谱研究吸附态CO的红外光学性能 ,研究发现采用上述两种方法制备的载钯分子筛修饰电极具有同样的CO增强红外吸收特性和不同的电位响应速度 ,表明CO增强红外吸收特性只与钯的纳米尺度有关 ,而分子筛修饰电极的电位响应速度和电子传输能力除与分子筛本身的结构有关外 ,还受粘合剂影响。     

电化学原位紫外可见反射谱用于表面等离激元效应的表征

在锁相放大技术的基础上,搭建了光检测系统与恒电位系统联用的电化学原位紫外-可见电反射光谱测量系统,并将其应用于表面等离激元体系的反射率表征。对光滑银电极和银纳米粒子修饰电极进行了电化学原位反射光谱测量,得到在不同电位下的反射光谱变化,发现在纳米粒子修饰电极上,产生强的反射谱峰。推测这种谱峰来自于纳米间隙结构造成的热点效应,电位可显著地调控纳米间隙结构的光散射效应。     

透明β-NaYF_4∶Yb,Tm/PMMA纳米复合材料的制备及其光学性能

采用高温溶剂热法制备了一系列不同Yb3+掺杂浓度的上转换发光纳米粒子β-NaYF4∶Yb,Tm和核壳结构的β-NaYF4∶Yb,Tm@β-NaYF4∶Yb纳米粒子。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、光致发光(PL)谱对材料的物相结构、形貌特征和发光性质进行了表征和研究,并特别研究了温度对材料发光性能的影响。结果表明:保持Tm3+浓度不变,随着Yb3+掺杂浓度的增加,β-NaYF4∶Yb,Tm的发光强度先增大后减小。当Yb3+掺杂摩尔分数为30%时,474 nm和645 nm处的发光强度达到最大值;当Yb3+掺杂摩尔分数为50%时,450 nm和692 nm处的发光强度达到最大值。在β-NaYF4∶Yb(30%),Tm上包裹一层β-NaYF4∶Yb壳层后,其发光显著增强,随壳层Yb3+摩尔分数的增加,发光强度也是先增大后减小。当壳层Yb3+摩尔分数为10%时,核壳结构纳米粒子的发光强度达到最大值;当壳层Yb3+摩尔分数达到40%时,核壳结构纳米粒子的发光强度已经低于未包裹时。将样品进行热处理后,荧光增强。样品的发光强度随环境温度的升高,红光变弱,蓝光增强。采用原位聚合法将β-NaYF4∶Yb,Tm纳米粒子与PMMA制成复合材料后,仍能保持较好的透明度和发光强度。     

Synthesis and characterization of cobalt/gold bimetallic nanoparticles

Cobalt/gold (Co/Au) bimetallic nanoparticles are prepared by chemically reducing gold (III) chloride to gold in the presence of pre-synthesized Co nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrometry, and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer have been used to characterize as-prepared bimetallic nanoparticles. Our findings demonstrate Au not only grows onto Co nanoparticles, forming a surface coating, but also diffuses into Co nanoparticles. The introduction of Au alters the crystalline structure of Co nanoparticles and changes their magnetic properties. Dodecanethiols induce a reorganization of as-prepared Co/Au bimetallic nanoparticles.     

Synthesis of bimetallic systems using replacement reactions

Series of bimetallic systems were prepared by replacement reactions and characterized by XRD and XPS. The results suggest that the ad-metals are monolayer dispersed on the surface of sub-metal in Pd(Pt, Cu)/Co(Ni) systems, while in Pd(Pt, Au)/Cu systems surface solid solution is formed. In Ag(Au)/Co(Ni) and Ag/Cu systems no interaction between the metals is observed just as in the simple mixture of the respective crystallites. The outermost electronic configurations, the atomic radius of the metals, and the low-preparation temperature seem to be important factors for the different states of these bimetallic catalysts.     

Gyroscopic behavior exhibited by the optical Kerr effect in bimetallic Au–Pt nanoparticles suspended in ethanol

The modification in the third-order nonlinear optical response exhibited by rotating bimetallic Au–Pt nanoparticles in an ethanol solution was analyzed. The samples were prepared by a sol–gel processing route. The anisotropy associated to the elemental composition of the nanoparticles was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. The size of the nanoparticles varies in the range from 9 to 13 nm, with an average size of 11 nm. Changes in the spatial orientation of the nanomaterials automatically generated a variation in their plasmonic response evaluated by UV–Vis spectroscopy. A two-wave mixing experiment was conducted to explore an induced birefringence at 532 nm wavelength with nanosecond pulses interacting with the samples. A strong optical Kerr effect was identified to be the main responsible effect for the third-order nonlinear optical phenomenon exhibited by the nanoparticles. It was estimated that the rotation of inhomogeneous nanostructures can provide a remarkable change in the participation of different surface plasmon resonances, if they correspond to multimetallic nanoparticles. Potential applications for developing low-dimensional gyroscopic systems can be contemplated.     

Interactions of oxygen and CO with AgAu bimetallic nanoparticles on sputtered highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces

Oxidation of AgAu bimetallic nanoparticles on sputtered HOPG by atomic oxygen and reduction of the oxidized surface by CO at room temperature were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For 2 nm-sized nanoparticles, prepared by postdeposition of Ag on Au-core, atomic oxygen exposure mostly leads to the formation of chemically inert oxygen species. This result is analogous to that of pure Ag and Au nanoparticles of similar sizes on the same substrate. In contrast, “Au on Ag-core” nanoparticles form chemically active oxygen species, suggesting that depending on detailed structures of bimetallic nanoparticles, diverse chemical properties can be obtained.     

Magnetic properties of bimetallic Au/Co nanoparticles prepared by thermal laser treatment

The irradiation of metallic films by a nanosecond pulsed laser leads to a self-assembly of nanoparticle arrays. This method has been used to prepare bimetallic Au/Co nanoparticles on a SiO₂ substrate. The microstructure and morphology of the bimetallic nanoparticles have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It has been shown that the bimetallic nanoparticles have a hemispherical shape with a single-crystal structure and an average size of ~50 nm. The magnetic properties of these nanoparticles have been examined using a vibrating-sample magnetometer in the transverse and longitudinal directions. It has been found that the direction of the magnetization of the bimetallic nanoparticles lies in the plane of the substrate, and the coercive forces in the transverse and longitudinal directions differ by 25%. The use of the vibrating-sample magnetometer method makes it possible to investigate the differences in the magnetic saturations and the coercive forces of an array of bimetallic nanoparticles on a large surface area. The performed investigations have demonstrated that the anisotropic nanomagnetic materials with the desired magnetic orientation can be easily and quickly prepared by means of thermal laser treatment.     

不同Ag壳厚度Au@Ag纳米粒子的调控制备表征及表面增强拉曼光谱的效应

采用化学还原法制备了以Au为核、包覆Ag的双金属核壳Au@Ag纳米粒子,并成功地用于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)分析测试。通过改变制备液中Ag/Au的量比来调控Ag壳包覆厚度。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)对Au@Ag纳米粒子的构貌进行表征。TEM显示明显存在核壳结构,且Ag壳层随Ag/Au的量比的增加而逐渐变厚;UV-Vis表明随着Ag/Au的量比的增加,Au@Ag纳米粒子出现了Au核与Ag壳吸收峰的2个等离子体共振峰,同时伴随着Au峰的蓝移和Ag峰的红移。以双甲脒为分析物,考察了不同Ag/Au的量比时的Au@Ag纳米粒子的SERS活性。结果表明,SERS活性随Ag/Au的量比的增加先增大后减小,在6∶5时其SERS增强效应最佳,此时Ag壳厚度约为6 nm。以对巯基苯胺(4-ATP)、结晶紫(CV)和双甲脒为分析测试对象,对比了Au@Ag、Ag、Au 3种基底的SERS活性。结果表明,所制备的Au@Ag纳米粒子的SERS活性要明显优于单纯的Au、Ag纳米粒子。     

Pd/Au纳米结构制备和粒子组分自旋的谱学性能研究

为研究Pd/Au纳米结构制备和电催化性能、控制粒子大小组分和自旋,用油浴热分解方法制备了核/壳纳米结构Pd/Au双金属合金纳米颗粒,采用PVP和多元醇作表面活性剂和稳定剂,依据溶液浓度、颗粒大小、吸附能控制晶相获得了均匀、一致的2层和3层Pd/Au纳米样品,并采用HAADF和HRTEM测试了纳米结构尺寸形貌,用EDS测试了成分分布,试验产物用TEM/XRD进行了表征,结果表明,Pd/Au具有面心立方八面体结构,与Au/Pd核壳不同,纳米Pd/Au具有活性、耐久性、电催化性和稳定性。     

Chemical synthesis and structural characterization of small AuZn nanoparticles

In this paper, we report the aqueous synthesis of bimetallic Au-Zn nanoparticles of different compositions by the simultaneous reduction technique. The stability and atomic configuration of the particles are studied through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and UV-Vis optical absorption techniques. Depending on the composition, small bimetallic nanoparticles of 1–15 nm in size were obtained. The average size and size distribution of the bimetallic nanoparticles are seen to be critically dependent on the atomic ratio of the constituting elements Au and Zn. While a 1:1 atomic proportion of Au and Zn produced most stable nanoparticles of smallest average size, nanoparticles produced with higher content of either of the component elements are unstable, inducing agglomeration and coalescence to form elongated structures with uneven morphologies. Au₃Zn₁ nanoparticles followed a directional growth pattern, producing bimetallic nanorods with multiple crystalline domains. Interestingly, in these rod-like nanostructures, the domains are in well array of solid solution-like bimetallic and pure mono-metallic regions alternatively. Such nanostructures with uneven morphology and compositions might show distinct catalytic selectivity in chemical reactions. PACS 61.46.-w; 87.64.Ee; 74.62.Bf     

Pt纳米微粒自组装体系的电化学和原位FTIR反射光谱研究

用化学还原法制备了铂金属纳米微粒 ,透射电子显微镜 (TEM)表征纳米Pt微粒的平均直径为 2 5nm。通过二硫醇将Pt纳米微粒组装到多晶金电极表面。以Fe(CN) 4- 3-6 的氧化还原作为探针反应的电化学研究表明 ,Au表面组装二硫醇后抑制了电极 /溶液界面的电子传递过程 ,而在二硫醇上再组装铂纳米微粒后 ,电子传递又可进行。运用电化学FTIR反射光谱研究了Pt纳米微粒组装电极在酸性介质中CO的吸附 ,检测到CO的线型、桥式吸附态 ,分别在 2 0 30和 184 5cm- 1 附近给出红外吸收谱峰 ,并且有增强红外效应。此外 ,还观察到Pt纳米微粒上的CO孪生吸附态。红外吸收峰位于 2 10 0cm- 1 附近。