Spontaneous transition of one-dimensional plasma photonic crystal’s orientation in a dielectric barrier discharge

A novel one-dimensional plasma photonic crystal whose crystal orientation can change spontaneously is demonstrated using a dielectric barrier discharge with two liquid electrodes. The orientation of the plasma photonic crystal will vary from transverse to longitudinal or vary from longitudinal to transverse and then revert to longitudinal by self-adjustment, while the experimental conditions are kept fixed. The dispersion relation of these plasma photonic crystals are calculated, and the changes of the photonic band diagrams during the orientation transition are studied.     

Broad Omnidirectional Reflection Band Forming using the Combination of Fibonacci Quasi－Periodic and Periodic One－Dimensional Photonic Crystals

By combining two Fibonacci quasi-periodic structures and a periodic structure to form a heterostructure, abroad omnidirectional reflection band is obtained. From the numerical results performed by the transfer matrixmethod, it is found that the reflection bands of the two Fibonacci quasi-periodic sub-structures and the periodicsub-structure can be compensated for each other. This method is expected to be useful in constructing a one-dimensional quasi-periodic photonic crystal structure with a broad omnidirectional reflection band.     

Numerical Simulation of Plasma Antenna with FDTD Method

We adopt cylindrical-coordinate FDTD algorithm to simulate and analyse a 0.4-m-long column configuration plasma antenna. FDTD method is useful for solving electromagnetic problems, especially when wave characteristics and plasma properties are self-consistently related to each other. Focus on the frequency from 75 MHz to 400 MHz, the input impedance and radiation efficiency of plasma antennas are computed. Numerical results show that, different from copper antenna, the chaxacteristics of plasma antenna vary simultaneously with plasma frequency and collision frequency. The property can be used to construct dynamically reconfigurable antenna. The investigation is meaningful and instructional for the optimization of plasma antenna design.     

Tunability of graded negative index-based photonic crystal lenses for fine focusing

Graded negative refractive index-based photonic crystal (PC) lenses are designed by gradually modifying the sizes of air holes along the transverse direction for focusing the incident plane wave. To study the tunability of the graded negative index-based PC, we introduce filling factor A, gradually tune the filling factor, and use the finite-difference and time-domain (FDTD) algorithm for numerical calculation. Our calculation results indicate that the focal length and the spot size increase with A increasing. For the same A value, the focal length of a PC with elliptical air holes is the longest, and those of PC with square and rectangular air holes are the shortest. Moreover, when the focal length is greater than 1 μm, the focal parameters of the PC are highly insensitive to the variation of A. When the focal length is less than 1 μm, the PC lenses have higher transmittances and all well focus with a beam spot size breaking the diffraction limit. This feature possibly makes the graded negative index-based PC lenses have some new applications in optoelectronic systems.     

Effect of a Two-Dimensional Periodic Dielectric Background on Complete Photonic Band Gap in Complex Square Lattices

A two-dimensional photonic crystal model with a periodic square dielectric background is proposed. The photonic band modulation effects due to the two-dimensional periodic background are investigated in detail. It is found that periodic modulation of the dielectric background greatly alters photonic band structures, especially for the Epolarization modes. The number, width and position of the photonic band gaps sensitively depend on the dielectric constants of the two-dimensional periodic background. Complete band gaps are found, and the dependence of the widths of these gaps on the structural and material parameters of the two alternating rods/holes is studied.     

The disorder effect on the performance of novel waveguides constructed in two-dimensional amorphous photonic materials

On the basis of two-dimensional amorphous photonic materials,we have designed a novel waveguide by inserting thinner cylindrical inclusions in the centre of basic hexagonal units of the amorphous structure along a given path.This waveguide in amorphous structure is similar to the coupled resonator optical waveguides in periodic photonic crystals.The transmission of this waveguide for S-polarized waves is investigated by a multiple-scattering method.Compared with the conventional waveguide by removing a line of cells from amorphous photonic materials,the guiding properties of this waveguide,including the transmissivity and bandwidth,are improved significantly.Then we study the effect of various types of positional disorder on the functionality of this device.Our results show that the waveguide performance is quite sensitive to the disorder located on the boundary layer of the waveguide,but robust against the disorder in the other area in amorphous structure except the waveguide border.This disorder effect in amorphous photonic materials is similar to the case in periodic photonic crystals.     

Transmission properties of microwave in rectangular waveguide through argon plasma

To study the impact of plasma generated by microwave breakdown on the propagation properties of microwave in high power microwave(HPM) devices, a three-dimensional(3-D) fluid model of argon plasma slab in rectangular waveguide is established and calculated by the finite-difference-time-domain(FDTD) method. A rectangular waveguide with a breakdown chamber filled with argon is set as the physics model, and HPM with frequency of 3–50 GHz propagates through this physics model. The time evolutions of the breakdown process are investigated, the reflection, transmission, and absorption coefficients of HPM are calculated, and the influences of some important parameters, including the thickness of the plasma slab and the microwave frequency on the propagation properties of the microwave are shown. Results of this work can offer theoretical instructions for suppressing the influence of breakdown to the performance of HPM devices, and for the use of microwave breakdown, such as the design of plasma limiter or absorber in HPM devices.     

Dispersion characteristics of two-dimensional unmagnetized dielectric plasma photonic crystal

This paper studies dispersion characteristics of the transverse magnetic (TM) mode for two-dimensional unmagnetized dielectric plasma photonic crystal by a modified plane wave method. First, the cutoff behaviour is made clear by using the Maxwell--Garnett effective medium theory, and the influences of dielectric filling factor and dielectric constant on effective plasma frequency are analysed. Moreover, the occurence of large gaps in dielectric plasma photonic crystal is demonstrated by comparing the skin depth with the lattice constant, and the influence of plasma frequency on the first three gaps is also studied. Finally, by using the particle-in-cell simulation method, a transmission curve in the \Gamma -X direction is obtained in dielectric plasma photonic crystal, which is in accordance with the dispersion curves calculated by the modified plane wave method, and the large gap between the transmission points of 27~GHz and 47~GHz is explained by comparing the electric field patterns in particle-in-cell simulation.     

Controllable Photonic Band Gap and Defect Mode in a 1D CO2-Laser Optical Lattice

We propose a new method to form a novel controfiable photonic crystal with cold atoms and study the photonic band gap （PBG） of an infinite 1D CO2-laser optical lattice of SSRb atoms under the condition of quantum coherence. A significant gap generated near the resonant frequency of the atom is founded and its dependence on physical parameters is also discussed. Using the eigenquation of defect mode, we calculate the defect mode when a defect is introduced into such a lattice. Our study shows that the proposed new method can be used to optically probe optical lattice in situ and to design some novel and controllable photonic crystals.     

Acoustic anechoic layers with singly periodic array of scatterers: Computational methods,absorption mechanisms,and optimal design

The acoustic properties of anechoic layers with a singly periodic array of cylindrical scatterers are investigated. A method combined plane wave expansion and finite element analysis is extended for out-of-plane incidence. The reflection characteristics of the anechoic layers with cavities and locally resonant scatterers are discussed. The backing is a steel plate followed by an air half space. Under this approximate zero transmission backing condition, the reflection reduction is induced by the absorption enhancement. The absorption mechanism is explained by the scattering/absorption cross section of the isolated scatterer. Three types of resonant modes which can induce efficient absorption are revealed. Due to the fact that the frequencies of the resonant modes are related to the size of the scatterers, anechoic layers with scatterers of mixed size can broaden the absorption band. A genetic optimization algorithm is adopted to design the anechoic layer with scatterers of mixed size at a desired frequency band from 2 kHz to l0 kHz for normal incidence, and the influence of the incident angle is also discussed.     

磁化等离子体光子晶体的FDTD分析

磁化等离子体光子晶体是磁化等离子体和介质(真空)构成的人工周期性结构.本文用磁化等离子体的分段线形电流密度卷积(PLCDRC)时域有限差分(FDTD)算法分析了磁化等离子体光子晶体特性.分析了磁化等离子体参数对电磁带隙的影响.从时域的角度分析了高斯脉冲在磁化等离子体光子晶体中的传播过程，给出了时域反射和透射波形.从频域的角度给出了磁化等离子体光子晶体的电磁反射系数和透射系数，并对结果进行了分析. 关键词： 磁化等离子体 光子晶体 时域有限差分法     

等离子体光子晶体的FDTD分析

等离子体光子晶体是等离子体和介质（真空）构成的人工周期性结构.用分段线性电流密度 递归卷积时域有限差分（PLCDRC-FDTD）算法分析了等离子体光子晶体和缺陷等离子体光子 晶体.从时域的角度分析了高斯脉冲在等离子体光子晶体中的传播过程，给出了时域反射和 透射波形.然后，从频域的角度分析了等离子体光子晶体和带缺陷的等离子体光子晶体的电 磁反射系数和透射系数.计算表明，等离子体光子晶体对频率小于等离子体频率的低频电磁 波几乎完全反射，而透射的电磁波则为频率高于等离子体频率的电磁波.在高频，等离子体 光子晶体则出现类似一般光子晶体的光子带隙特性. 关键词： 等离子体 光子晶体 时域有限差分法 等离子体光子晶体     

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用时域有限差分法研究了电磁波在等离子体光子晶体中的传播特性。数值模拟中使用完全匹配层吸收边界条件,计算了电磁波通过等离子体光子晶体的反射和透射系数。讨论了等离子体密度、等离子体温度、介电常数比和引入缺陷层对等离子体光子晶体光子带隙的影响。     

非磁化等离子体光子晶体的禁带周期特性研究

用时域有限差分法（Finite-Different Time-Domain,FDTD）中的电流密度卷积（Current Density Convolution,JEC）算法讨论了一维非磁化等离子体光子晶体的禁带周期特性,分析了非磁化等离子光子晶体的周期结构和等离子体参量对其禁带周期的影响.以微分高斯脉冲为激励源,用电磁波通过非磁化等离子体光子晶体后所得的透射系数来讨论非磁化等离子体光子晶体的禁带周期特性.结果表明,通过改变参量可以获得不同的禁带周期特性.     

周期对称结构R-FDTD方法及其减元优化

论述减缩时域有限差分方法(R-FDTD)中暂存场分量边值补充计算的必要性,提出周期对称结构R-FDTD方法,基于对称关系和周期边界条件(PBC),给出需要补充计算的暂存分量表达式.利用对称性,将计算空间缩减为原来的1/4,对称面外侧场分量由对称关系得到,1/4空间周期对称结构R-FDTD可更进一步将计算区域的内存使用量降为FDTD算法的1/6,且不影响计算精度.计算无限大钢筋网和钢筋混凝土墙壁的电磁脉冲响应,结果与FDTD的计算结果吻合.改进的算法在内存使用和计算时间上具有明显的优势.     

一维等离子体光子晶体的带隙研究

采用时域有限差分方法(FDTD),结合等离子体计算中的分段线性电流密度卷积技术(PLJERC)对一维等离子体光子晶体(1D-PPC)进行了数值模拟,给出了微分高斯脉冲在一维等离子体光子晶体中的传播过程。计算得到的带隙结构与K-P模型方法的结果一致。计算并分析了等离子体频率、介质介电常数、等离子体-介质层的厚度比以及周期厚度对一维等离子体光子晶体带隙结构的影响。     

An FDTD analysis of photonic crystal waveguides comprising third-order nonlinear materials

A finite difference time domain (FDTD) study of two-dimensional photonic crystals containing nonlinear materials is presented in this paper. An appropriate Z-transform oriented formulation of the FDTD method for the simulation of third-order nonlinear Kerr- and Raman-type media is analyzed and applied to model nonlinear photonic crystal waveguide structures. For their reflectionless termination a novel perfectly matched layer (PML) is proposed and evaluated comparatively to other periodic and inhomogeneous absorbers. Furthermore, the absorbing efficiency of the proposed PML is investigated varying its parameters.     

Omni-directional reflection bands in one-dimensional plasma dielectric photonic crystals

In this paper the omni-directional reflection bands in one-dimensional plasma photonic crystal (PPC) have been studied theoretically. We present the study of plasma photonic crystal, having alternate regions of plasma?dielectric (Al₂O₃ or ZnS). Reflectances from this periodic multilayered structure in TE- and TM-modes are calculated for different angles of incidence in microwave region for omni-directional reflection bands. The reflectance is obtained by solving a Maxwell's equation using a translational matrix method. In addition to this, we have also studied the effect of variation of plasma width as well as plasma density on the reflection properties of plasma dielectric photonic crystal in TE- and TM-modes. The study of reflectance bands of such plasma photonic crystals shows that it can be used as omni-directional reflector.     

TM模式下二维非磁化等离子体光子晶体的禁带调制特性分析

采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)中的分段线性电流密度卷积(PLCDRC)算法研究了TM波入射时二维非磁化等离子体光子晶体的禁带特性.从频域角度分析得到微分高斯脉冲的透射系数,并讨论该光子晶体的介质圆柱的介电常数、晶格常数、介质圆柱半径,周期常数和等离子体参数对其禁带特性的影响.结果表明,增加周期常数和等离子体碰撞频率不会改变禁带宽度,增加介质圆柱的相对介电常数和等离子体频率可以展宽禁带的宽度. 当填充率一定时,减小介质圆柱的半径和晶格常数可以实现禁带的拓展. 关键词： 等离子体 光子晶体 禁带 PLCDRC算法     

斜入射分层线性各向异性等离子体电磁散射时域有限差分方法分析

提出了斜入射分层线性各向异性等离子体电磁散射的时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,通过将二维麦克斯韦方程等价地转换为一维麦克斯韦方程,避免了用二维时域有限差分方法分析该散射问题,极大地提高了计算效率.分析推导了TEz和TMz波斜入射线性分层各向异性等离子体电磁散射的FDTD方法,然后通过该方法计算不同入射角的各向异性等离子板的电磁波反射系数,并与其解析解进行比较,结果表明该方法的准确性和有效性.最后,将该算法应用于计算涂覆分层各向异性等离子体金属板在不同入射角下的反射系数,分析了不同入射角对反射系数的影响.