基于调制度层析的在线三维测量方法

调制度反映相位展开可靠性的程度,与物体本身灰度和形状有着紧密的关系,因此可作为测量的特征标记。提出了一种采用调制度层析实现在线三维测量的方法。通过投影一固定的正弦条纹到待测运动物体上,借助物体运动可产生等效的相移变形条纹。利用基于傅里叶变换轮廓术调制度模型计算各帧等效的相移变形条纹的调制度,并采用层析方法从各帧调制度分离出反映待测物体的调制度层析特征,以该层析信息作为特征模板,实现像素匹配,从而获取各帧具有一致像素坐标的等效相移变形条纹,实现在线移动物体的三维面形测量。实验证明了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

一种采用相位测量轮廓术的工件在线三维检测方法

提出了一种基于相移轮廓术在线检测工件三维信息的方法.利用计算机编程产生的一固定正弦光栅图通过数字投影机投射在流水线的一段区域,无需专门的相移装置,当物体在线移动穿过此区域时,使用计量光栅等距离定位发信,控制CCD采集五帧变形条纹图,并采用具有一定特征的标记实现五帧变形条纹图间的亚像素级像素匹配,提取相移变形条纹图,由Stoilov算法计算,得到工件表面截断相位,展开后可得到物体表面三维信息.实验验证了其可行性.     

一种用于在线三维测量的五步非等步相移算法

提出了一种五步非等步相移算法,并成功应用于在线三维测量中。仅投影一固定正弦光栅条纹到物体上,通过物体在线运动产生等效相移,在一个条纹周期范围内任意采集五帧变形条纹图,通过像素匹配使各帧条纹图中的物点一一对应并计算出相应的等效相移量。采用所提出的五步非等步相移算法,即可重构物体。计算机模拟与实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效...     

一种基于PMP的圆型流水线上工件的三维在线检测方法

提出了一种基于PMP原理的对圆形流水线上工件面形进行在线检测的方法。利用DLP将一环形正弦光栅图投射在圆型流水线上某一区域，使用相移器在物体运动方向的垂直方向上进行相移，实现了圆周运动物体各物点相移一致性，同时由于相移方向与物体移动方向垂直，工件移动不会影响相移量，相移量可以较精确地控制。通过采用参考标记和图像旋转恢复可实现N帧变形条纹图像的像素匹配，从而提取三维物体的截断相位，经过相位展开，得到连续相位，并由相位最后解调出物体的高度信息。通过计算机仿真验证了方法的可行性。该方法具有在线、快速，非接触性等特点。     

基于相位预测的在线三维测量像素匹配方法

物体的运动使变形条纹图中物体像素点不对应,因此需要对物体做像素匹配。提出了一种基于相位预测的在线三维测量像素匹配方法。仅投一帧正弦光栅条纹到在线运动的物体上,CCD同步采集相同步距时刻受物体调制的变形条纹图。采用傅里叶变换轮廓术(FTP)方法对采集的变形条纹预测物体不同位置的相位信息,并以该相位信息的特征做像素匹配,实现了物体在各帧条纹图中的像素一一对应,同时匹配后的变形条纹产生等效的等步相移,进而采用等步长相移算法来重构在线运动物体的三维面形。计算机模拟与实验验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。同时,与在线FTP方法进行比较,在线FTP方法和本文方法的均方根误差分别为1.013mm和0.024mm,表明该方法对在线三维测量具有较高的测量精度。     

基于SURF算法的在线三维测量方法

提出了一种采用加速鲁棒特征算法匹配运动物体的特征点,实现在线三维测量的方法.该方法只需投影一固定的正弦光栅到在线运动中的被测物体表面上,使投影光栅线垂直运动方向,当物体每移动相同的距离,由CCD采集到相应的变形条纹图,从中提出对应的背景光场,借助SURF算法对各帧背景光场的物体进行特征匹配,即可获得一组具有等步相移量的等效相移条纹图,从而采用等步相移算法可重构出在线运动物体的三维面形.实验验证了该方法的有效性和可行性,并与在线FTP方法进行了比较,所提方法的平均绝对误差小于在线FTP方法的二分之一,均方根误差小于在线FTP方法的四分之一.     

基于改进网格运动统计特征的在线三维测量

为了解决在线三维测量技术中像素匹配耗时长,准确率低等问题,提出了一种基于改进网格运动统计特征的像素匹配算法。该方法只需一帧固定的正弦光栅投影到被测物体上,由摄影系统连续采集五帧物体在相等位移下的变形条纹图,提取出相应的调制度信息,并利用快速旋转不变性特征算法提取图像的特征点匹配对,然后利用改进的网格运动统计特征算法来实现误匹配对的剔除。最后根据在线三维测量中对其精度要求很高的特点,取其出现位移量最多的值以获得一组相移量相等的条纹图,采用等步相移算法重建出在线移动物体的三维形貌。大量实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,与传统的在线傅里叶变换轮廓术算法进行对比,所提方法的鲁棒性更高,能够恢复出更高精度的三维面形。     

相移正交物体运动方向的在线相位测量轮廓术

提出了一种新型的基于相位测量轮廓术(PMP)的在线三维检测方法.只需要使投射的条纹相移方向与物体移动方向垂直,尽管由于物体运动使CCD采集变形条纹中物体坐标不一致,但通过像素匹配,可以使各帧图像物点坐标一一对应,得到与传统静态PMP等效的相移条纹图,即可重构出物体,实现在线三维测量.对一实平面进行了在线与静态PMP测试对比实验.结果显示该在线PMP方法与传统静态PMP方法的均方差之差仅为0.007mm,表明该在线PMP方法具有高精度性;对一实物进行了在线测试实验,很好地重构出了被测物体的三维轮廓,从而验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

一种无需滤波的复合光栅投影的在线三维测量方法

针对流水线上在线运动的刚性物体,投影复合光栅可以解决像素匹配和相位展开对条纹频率不同需求的矛盾,但在相位计算时,需对复合光栅进行滤波,该过程会降低重构精度。基于Stoilov算法,提出一种无需滤波的复合光栅投影的在线三维测量方法,设计复合条纹使低频条纹相移方向与被测物体的运动方向平行,像素匹配后被测物体的运动被转化为低频条纹的相移;高频条纹相移方向与被测物体运动方向垂直,像素匹配后各帧变形条纹图中高频条纹的光强分布完全一致,可直接进行相位计算,避开了因滤波造成的精度损失。同时在复合光栅中高频条纹的强度远低于低频条纹,故可将其看作微弱的背景光,保证了在线三维测量的精度。通过仿真与实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于单帧变形条纹的物体三维位移和速度测量

用隔行扫描摄像机采集到的运动物体单帧变形条纹测量三维位移和速度.该方法将一帧变形条纹分成两个单场,利用傅里叶变换轮廓术重建三维面形,从单场条纹的调制度中提取二值化模板,计算质心获得亚像素匹配定位点,通过双三次插值和标定,实现了一个场周期时间内三个维度上的位移和平均速度的测量.匀速运动物体实验结果表明:被测速度的最大绝对误差为0.6 mm/s,相对误差为0.57%.该方法仅用一帧变形条纹即可测量运动物体的三维位移和速度,提高了时间分辨率和测量准确度.     

On-line phase measuring profilometry based on phase matching

On-line phase measuring profilometry based on phase matching is proposed. While just one fixed sinusoidal fringe is projected on a measured object moving with the pipeline, deformed patterns modulated by the object moving at the same distance moment are captured synchronously by the CCD camera. The phase information of the object in those captured deformed patterns can be predicted using FTP method to assist the pixel matching so as to realize the point-to-point correspondence of the object in the captured deformed patterns. Meanwhile, the equivalent phase-shifting deformed patterns can be extracted. So the three dimensional shape of the object can be reconstructed successfully with an equal phase-shifting algorithm. Numerical simulation and experiments show feasibility and validity of the proposed method.     

A new pixel matching method using the entire modulation of the measured object in online PMP

A method using entire modulation information of the measured object itself for pixel matching is proposed in online phase measuring profilometry (PMP). Only one fixed sinusoidal grating is projected onto the moving measured object and then five deformed patterns are captured by the imaging system (CCD). Because the contrast of the sinusoidal grating is a constant, the modulation distribution of each deformed pattern reflecting the gray of the measured region can be extracted. The entire modulation of the object cut from one of them is regarded as a template, and then the distance of the measured object's movement between each two adjacent deformed pattern can be calculated by the correlation operation so that we can cut the corresponding parts containing the measured object's information from five deformed patterns. Then the discrete phase can be calculated with Stoilov algorithm. By the phase unwrapping and the mapping algorithm, the object can be reconstructed exactly. A series of simulations and experiments confirm its feasibility and validity.     

A three dimensional on-line measurement method based on five unequal steps phase shifting

A three-dimensional on-line measurement method based on five unequal steps phase-shifting with phase measuring profilometry is presented. While only one sinusoidal grating pattern is projected onto the measured object moving with the pipe-line, five arbitrary deformed patterns are captured by CCD as the measured object moves within a duty cycle of the grating pattern. The modulation distribution based on Fourier transform profilometry is introduced to realize pixel matching so as to calculate the corresponding equivalent shifted phase on the deformed patterns. A five unequal steps phase shifting algorithm is developed, which is suitable for non-uniform motion of the pipeline. The experiments verify its feasibility and validity.     

A novel color fringe projection based Fourier transform 3D shape measurement method

A novel Fourier transform 3D shape measurement method based on color fringe projection is proposed in order to solve the spectrum overlapping and phase unwrapping problems existed in Fourier transform profilometry (FTP). The R and G components of the color fringe are set to two sinusoidal patterns with different frequencies and the B component is set to the average value of R or G component. Then this pattern is projected to the object and the deformed fringe image is captured. Three gray patterns are separated from the color fringe, the background and high frequency noise can be eliminated using our method and the accurate unwrapped phase can be got. Only one shot color pattern is projected to get the 3D information of the object. Experiment results show that the 3D information of an object can be obtained rapidly and accurately.     

基于双色条纹投影的快速傅里叶变换轮廓术

在实际傅里叶变换轮廓术测量中，获取的条纹图扩展的零频分量对傅里叶变换轮廓术的测量精度和测量范围有很大影响，甚至妨碍正确三维面形的恢复。π相移技术常被用来消除零频分量对测量的影响，但需要在测量系统中安装精密相移装置，并需要采集两帧具有π相位差的条纹图。传统傅里叶变换轮廓术中，完成精密相移需要较长的时间，影响了傅里叶变换轮廓术测量方法的实时性。提出了采用双色正弦光栅投影来实现从一帧条纹图中消除零频对傅里叶变换轮廓术测量的影响。该方法同传统的π相移方法相比，不需要相移装置，测量系统简单，并且能真正实现高速测量。     

Pixel-by-pixel absolute phase retrieval using three phase-shifted fringe patterns without markers

This paper presents a method that can recover absolute phase pixel by pixel without embedding markers on three phase-shifted fringe patterns, acquiring additional images, or introducing additional hardware component(s). The proposed three-dimensional (3D) absolute shape measurement technique includes the following major steps: (1) segment the measured object into different regions using rough priori knowledge of surface geometry; (2) artificially create phase maps at different z planes using geometric constraints of structured light system; (3) unwrap the phase pixel by pixel for each region by properly referring to the artificially created phase map; and (4) merge unwrapped phases from all regions into a complete absolute phase map for 3D reconstruction. We demonstrate that conventional three-step phase-shifted fringe patterns can be used to create absolute phase map pixel by pixel even for large depth range objects. We have successfully implemented our proposed computational framework to achieve absolute 3D shape measurement at 40 Hz.     

Surface profile measurement of moving objects by using an improved π phase-shifting Fourier transform profilometry

The π phase-shifting Fourier transform technique is introduced into the surface profile measurement of moving objects. A digital grating comprising two regions, which have a π phase shifting is projected onto the object. Two line-scan CCD cameras are used to capture two deformed fringe patterns with π phase shifting at the same time. As the object is moving, each point at the object surface can be captured twice. The digital correlation method is used to calibrate the experimental system. The zero-order component can be eliminated by subtracting intensities of the same surface point in two captured images. And then the phase can be extracted by Fourier transform without the disturbance of zero-order component. Experimental results demonstrate that this method is feasible for the moving surface profile detection and the measurable slope of height variation can be extended.     

Profile measurement of a moving object using an improved projection grating phase-shifting profilometry

3-D profile measurement of a moving object using a novel phase-shifting technique is introduced. Digital gratings with two steps phase-shifting are projected periodically onto a measured object surface. The deformed fringe patterns are captured by a frame CCD camera within a short exposure time. By synchronizing the projector and the CCD camera accurately, there is an overlapping part which is the same part of the object among three neighbouring frames. The length of an overlapping part can be controlled as one third of a frame length. Hence the intensity values at the same surface point modulated by three neighbouring gratings can be obtained, and its phase value can be computed by an improved phase-extracting algorithm. The profile of a specimen is detected by the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that this method is effective for the profile measurement of a moving object.