溅射过程中粒子能量对钛薄膜表面形貌影响

借助于原子力显微镜研究了离子束溅射沉积工艺中入射离子能量对制备的Ti薄膜表面形貌的影响。对薄膜表面高度数据进行相关运算，发现在此工艺条件下制备的薄膜具有典型的分形特征，利用分形表面高度—高度相关函数的唯象表达形式对不同能量下制备Ti薄膜表面的高度相关函数进行拟合。得到了薄膜表面的分形维数、水平相关长度、标准偏差粗糙度等参量。研究发现，入射Ar离子能量在300—700eV之间薄膜表面的粗糙度随着沉积粒子的能量增加而增大，分形维数随着入射离子能量的增加而减少。另外，在得到的分形维数基础上对不同溅射电压下Ti薄膜的生长机制进行了初步研究。     

树状分形结构形成过程的实验研究

对大量金属小球在强电场作用下运动形态的演化全过程用联机摄像装置进行了实时拍摄,通过用Sandbox方法计算其稳定状态的分维数,系统地研究了分维数随电压的变化关系.结果表明：在一定电压范围内金属小球聚集体通过自组织过程形成稳定的树状分形结构,其分维数随外加电压的增加而减小.该结果对研究耗散结构的形成机理和外界动力对耗散结构的形貌影响具有参考价值. 关键词： 分形生长 自组织过程 树状结构 分维数     

金属互连电迁移噪声的分形特征

为了研究金属互连电迁移失效机理并寻找新的电迁移表征参量，应用分形理论，通过电子扩散轨迹分形维数，将电迁移噪声时间序列分形维数与晶粒间界分形维数相联系，确定了噪声时间序列分形维数在电迁移演变中的变化趋势.研究结果表明，在金属互连电迁移前期，晶粒间界形貌越来越复杂，致使噪声时间序列的分形维数逐渐增大；成核后，由于空位凝聚成空洞，晶粒间界形貌变得较成核前规则，致使噪声时间序列的分形维数减小；成核时刻是其折点.实验结果证明理论分析的正确性，噪声时间序列的分形维数可望作为金属互连电迁演变的表征参量.     

基于显微CT图像的岩芯孔隙分形特征

采用国内自主开发的高分辨率显微CT设备,对岩芯样本进行图像采集,运用数字图像分析方法获得图像中的岩芯孔隙目标,并以此为基础重建三维模型。然后基于分形理论,分别从二维图像和重建的三维模型角度计算孔隙的分形维数。最后,再采用基于多孔介质的分形模型对岩芯孔隙分形特征进行验证,得出岩芯的二维分形维数和三维分形维数之间的差值均值为1.000 3,最大偏差为0.004,很好地满足多孔介质分形模型中关于二维和三维分形维数的关系。     

Fractal dimension of the surface upon martensitic transformation in titanium nickelide

The fractal dimension of the residual deformation relief on the surface of titanium nickelide is shown to be sensitive to the deformation mechanism. It decreases under phase-transformation-induced inelasticity and increases under plasticity. At the time the basic deformation mechanism changes, fluctuations are maximal. The experimental dependence of the microstrain on the fractal dimension for the initial austenitic phase is not a single-valued function: it consists of two groups of data points that correspond to different deformation mechanisms.     

随机分布烟尘团簇粒子辐射特性研究

基于分形理论,采用蒙特卡罗方法对随机分布的烟尘团簇粒子结构进行了仿真模拟,利用离散偶极子近似(discrete dipole approximation, DDA)方法研究了随机分布的烟尘团簇粒子的辐射特性,分析讨论了分形维数、原始微粒粒径和数量以及复折射率对随机分布烟尘团簇粒子辐射特性的影响.研究表明,在给定分形维数的情况下,烟尘团簇粒子的辐射特性取决于原始微粒粒径、数量及复折射率;原始微粒较小的团簇粒子,当分形维数较小时,吸收截面变化不明显,但当分形维数大于2时,吸收截面骤然增大,然而,对于具有比较大的原始微粒粒径、数量及复折射率的烟尘团簇粒子,吸收截面随着分形维数的增大而单调递减;随着分形维数的增大,团簇粒子的散射截面、消光截面及单次散射反照率均单调递增;从整体上来讲,团簇粒子的辐射特性与等效球形粒子的辐射特性存在着比较大的差别,并且这种差别随着分形维数的增大而减小.该工作对研究气溶胶粒子的辐射及气候效应具有重要的科学价值. 关键词： 烟尘团簇粒子 辐射特性 离散偶极子近似方法     

纹理高阶分形特征在海面舰船目标检测中的应用

针对复杂海面环境下的舰船目标检测，分析了高阶分形特征缝隙在纹理分类中的应用，提出了一种基于分形维与缝隙的目标检测新方法，并利用该方法对海面舰船目标进行了检测。实验结果表明利用纹理分形维与缝隙特征进行海面舰船目标检测，可以取得较单一分形维检测更高的准确率。     

Cu-W薄膜表面形貌的分形表征与电阻率

磁控溅射制备铜钨薄膜，用原子力显微镜和功率谱密度法分析薄膜生长表面形貌的分形维数，发现频段的选择基本不影响分形维数与溅射时间的关系.随溅射时间延长，薄膜厚度增加，分形维数增大，电阻率随分形维数的增大而升高.分析分形维数与电阻率的关系，认为对同一物质的导电薄膜，其表面形貌与电阻率存在对应关系. 关键词： Cu-W薄膜 分形维数 功率谱密度 电阻率     

Simulation of fractal cluster growth on a substrate under ion bombardment

Ion-stimulated growth of a fractal cluster on the substrate is simulated in regimes that are intermediate between diffusion- and reaction-limited aggregations. It is shown that the fractal dimension of a growing cluster and the type of formed epitaxial structure are due to the sequence of ion-stimulated processes with different fractal dimensions. The algorithm for revealing the ion stimulation mechanism of processes based on fractal laws is proposed.     

FRACTAL PATTERN GROWTH OF METAL ATOM CLUSTERS IN ION IMPLANTED POLYMERS

The fractal and multi-fractal patterns of metal atoms are observed in the surface layer and cross section of a metal ion implanted polymer using TEM and SEM for the first time. The surface structure in the metal ion implanted polyethylene terephthalane (PET) is the random fractal. Certain average quantities of the random geometric patterns contain self-similarity. Some growth origins appeared in the fractal pattern which has a dimension of 1.67. The network structure of the fractal patterns is formed in cross section, having a fractal dimension of 1.87. So it can be seen that the fractal pattern is three-dimensional space fractal. We also find the collision cascade fractal in the cross section of implanted nylon, which is similar to the collision cascade pattern in transverse view calculated by the TRIM computer program. Finally, the mechanism for the formation and growth of the fractal patterns during ion implantation is discussed.     

闪电的分形特征研究及其在自动识别中的应用

利用2009年夏季青海地区的快电场变化测量仪的野外观测资料, 对120例地闪和77例云闪辐射场信号的分形特征进行了深入研究, 结果表明地闪辐射场信号的分形维数与云闪辐射场信号的分形维数有明显的差别, 再利用闪电的分形维特征, 构造了5个特征值, 将其作为支持向量机的输入进行地闪和云闪不同放电类型的识别, 有效识别率达到95%以上; 通过构造地闪辐射场时间序列信号的分形维数轨迹图表明分形维数最低点对应于原时间序列的回击位置, 利用分形维数轨迹中的最低点的位置能够快速准确地对地闪辐射场信号的回击点进行检测, 检测率可达到100%. 分形维是闪电的一种具有鉴别性的特征, 可用于闪电的智能分析与自动化处理. 关键词： 闪电信号 分形维数 支持向量机 自动识别     

裂缝-孔隙型双重介质油藏渗吸机理的分形分析

低渗透油藏常常伴随裂缝发育,形成裂缝-基质双重介质.自发渗吸是低渗裂缝性水驱油藏的重要采油机理,有顺向和逆向两种渗吸方式.基于基质孔隙结构的分形特征,引入分形几何对裂缝性双重介质渗吸机理的判据进行了改进,建立了渗吸机理的分形判据模型,并进一步推导了结构常数的解析表达式.结果表明,渗吸机理的判别参数是基质孔隙度、高度、孔隙分形维数、流动迂曲度、最大孔隙直径、界面张力、油水密度差以及接触角的函数.改进后的判据模型与现有结果一致.最后绘制了判别渗吸机理的图版,为利用表面活性剂提高低渗透油藏采收率提供理论依据.     

Scale-dependent nature of the surface fractal dimension for bi- and multi-disperse porous solids by mercury porosimetry

The surface fractal dimension was calculated by using a mathematical model and mercury intrusion data for a variety of bi- and multi-disperse porous solids including silica gels, alumina pellets, and building stones. The mathematical model was obtained by modifying the well-established scaling relation published previously [Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 34 (1995) 1383-1386]. It was also verified by comparing with the theoretical surface fractal dimensions for regular fractal structures (Skerpinski tetrahedron and Menger sponge) and the calculated surface fractal dimensions for silica gel and alumina particles via the linear fitting method established previously. The calculation results for various bi- and multi-disperse porous solids have demonstrated that the scale-dependent nature of the surface fractal dimension is ubiquitous. The difference in the surface fractal dimension between pore size intervals usually exists. The estimation of the surface fractal dimension on an average stand may lead to erroneous results.     

A new information dimension of complex networks

The fractal and self-similarity properties are revealed in many complex networks. The classical information dimension is an important method to study fractal and self-similarity properties of planar networks. However, it is not practical for real complex networks. In this Letter, a new information dimension of complex networks is proposed. The nodes number in each box is considered by using the box-covering algorithm of complex networks. The proposed method is applied to calculate the fractal dimensions of some real networks. Our results show that the proposed method is efficient when dealing with the fractal dimension problem of complex networks.     

Determination of the Fractal Dimension of the Irregular,Compressive Stress-Strain Relationships of brittle,crumbly particulates

The apparent fractal dimension of normalized rugged compressive force-deformation curves of two types of brittle particulates was determined using the blanket algorithm. Although the shape of the original force-deformation relationships of the individual specimens was irreproducible, the apparent fractal dimension of the normalized data was fairly constant and characteristic of the material. The applicability of the algorithm and the validity of the results were tested with computer simulated relationships generated with a set of Weierstrass functions whose fractal dimension was known a-priori. It is demonstrated that as long as the resolution along the two axes is the same, the fractal dimension so calculated provides an absolute rather than a relative measure of the relationship's jaggedness.     

Fractal Aggregation Under Rotation

By means of the Monte Carlo simulation, a fractal growth model is introduced to describe diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) under rotation. Patterns which are different from the classical DLA model are observed and the fractal dimension of such clusters is calculated. It is found that the pattern of the clusters and their fractal dimension depend strongly on the rotation velocity of the diffusing particle. Our results indicate the transition from fractal to non-fractal behavior of growing cluster with increasing rotation velocity, i.e. for small enough angular velocity ω; thefractal dimension decreases with increasing ω;, but then, with increasing rotation velocity, the fractal dimension increases and the cluster becomes compact and tends to non-fractal.     

分数维结构有机物体系中的发光

本文介绍了分数维结构和激子渗透概念,概述了分数维结构有机物体系中能量传递和发光动力学研究的基本现状。     

分形理论在光谱识别中的应用

分形理论是研究一类不规则、混乱复杂,但其局部和整体具有相似性体系的科学。分形维数是分形理论中用于描述对象的不规则度和自相似性的基本度量。文章以符合朗伯-比尔定律的光谱信号为研究对象,在概述分形几何基本原理的基础上,提出了以分形维数作为光谱识别特征的方法,运用相空间重构得出了光谱信号的分形维数,通过对光谱信号的分形维数进行比较,达到识别不同光谱的目的,最后举例对该方法进行了说明。     

纳米流体对流换热机理分析

考虑在纳米流体中纳米颗粒做布朗运动引起的对流换热, 基于纳米颗粒在纳米流体中遵循分形分布, 本文得到纳米流体对流换热的机理模型. 本解析模型没有增加新的经验常数, 从该模型发现纳米流体池沸腾热流密度是温度、纳米颗粒的平均直径、 纳米颗粒的浓度、纳米颗粒的分形维数、沸腾表面活化穴的分形维数、基本液体的物理特性的函数. 对不同的纳米颗粒浓度和不同的纳米颗粒平均直径与不同的实验数据进行了比较, 模型预测的结果与实验结果相吻合. 所得的解析模型可以更深刻地揭示纳米流体对流换热的物理机理.     

Fractal properties of aggregates of metal nanoclusters on solid surface

AFM images are used to determine and analyze fractal characteristics (cluster fraction dimension and lacunarity) of aggregates of Au and Ag nanoclusters on metal films of the same metal produced with the aid of thermal vacuum deposition on mica surface. A fractal dimension of 1.6 that corresponds to typical samples with relatively uniform distribution of nanoclusters on the film surface is in agreement with the mean value calculated from experimental data of Belko et al., who studied the fractal dimension of Au nanoclusters on a different dielectric (quartz) surface. When a compact single aggregate of Au nanoclusters is formed on a certain active center or defect, the fractal cluster dimension decreases to 1.4. The experimental data are compared with the results of existing theoretical models of association of nanoclusters in 2D systems.