随机取向烟尘团簇粒子的光学截面的数值计算

采用蒙特卡罗方法根据团簇—团簇凝聚（CCA）模型对由球形原始微粒凝聚而成的烟尘团簇粒子进行了模拟,利用离散偶极子近似（DDA）方法数值计算了不同原始微粒粒径和数目组成的随机取向的烟尘团簇粒子的总消光截面、吸收截面及散射截面等光学特性参数,研究了原始微粒粒径及数目对随机取向烟尘团簇粒子光学特性的影响。结果表明：当入射波长一定时,随机取向烟尘団簇粒子的光学特性主要取决于原始微粒的粒径和数目;烟尘团簇粒子对不同波段激光的吸收和散射存在差别,这种差别随原始微粒粒径及数目变化而变化。这一工作为研究电磁波在烟尘中的传输特性提供重要参考数据。     

激光在随机分布烟尘团簇粒子中的衰减特性

基于分形理论,采用团簇—团簇凝聚模型对随机分布烟尘团簇粒子的分形结构进行了模拟.利用离散偶极子近似方法研究了不同类型的随机分布烟尘团簇粒子的单次散射特性.利用蒙特卡罗方法研究了激光信号在随机分布烟尘团簇粒子中的传输衰减特性.讨论了入射角、激光波长、烟尘粒子数密度以及组成单个烟尘团簇粒子的原始微粒粒径和数目等参量对激光衰减特性的影响.研究结果对激光在复杂随机介质中的传输衰减特性分析提供了理论依据.     

激光在随机分布烟尘团簇粒子中的衰减特性

基于分形理论,采用团簇—团簇凝聚模型对随机分布烟尘团簇粒子的分形结构进行了模拟.利用离散偶极子近似方法研究了不同类型的随机分布烟尘团簇粒子的单次散射特性.利用蒙特卡罗方法研究了激光信号在随机分布烟尘团簇粒子中的传输衰减特性.讨论了入射角、激光波长、烟尘粒子数密度以及组成单个烟尘团簇粒子的原始微粒粒径和数目等参量对激光衰减特性的影响.研究结果对激光在复杂随机介质中的传输衰减特性分析提供了理论依据.     

分形结构对随机取向烟尘团簇粒子光散射特性的影响

利用蒙特卡罗方法对不同分形维数和分形前向因子的随机取向烟尘团簇粒子的分形结构进行了仿真,采用离散偶极子近似（DDA）方法对随机取向烟尘团簇粒子的缪勒矩阵元进行了数值计算,并与球形粒子模型进行了比较,深入探讨了烟尘团簇粒子的分形维数和分形前因子对其散射特性的影响。研究表明,等效球形粒子的光散射特性与随机取向烟尘团簇粒子的光散射特性存在很大差别,并且此差别随着团簇粒子的分形维数以及分形前向因子的增大而减小;分形维数对表征团簇粒子散射特性的缪勒矩阵元的影响在一定散射角范围内均比较明显,分形前向因子对团簇粒子的缪勒矩阵元角分布的影响与分形维数的影响类似,不过其影响相对分形维数较弱。     

随机分布烟尘簇团粒子缪勒矩阵的数值计算

利用蒙特卡罗方法根据团簇-团簇凝聚（CCA）模型对由球形原始粒子凝聚而成的烟尘簇团粒子进行了模拟,用离散偶极子近似（DDA）方法对随机分布的烟尘簇团粒子的缪勒矩阵元素进行了数值计算,给出了不同入射波长情况下随机分布烟尘簇团粒子的缪勒矩阵元素与组成簇团粒子的基本粒子的粒径和数目的数值关系,为进一步研究随机分布簇团粒子的形成机理、形态特性、散射特性提供了一种理论方法. 关键词： 烟尘簇团粒子 缪勒矩阵 离散偶极子近似方法     

随机取向烟尘团簇粒子激光散射特性研究

利用蒙特卡罗方法根据团簇-团簇凝聚(CCA)模型对由球形原始粒子凝聚而成的烟尘团簇粒子进行了模拟,用离散偶极子近似(DDA)方法研究了烟尘团簇粒子随机取向时的激光散射特性,并与等效球形粒子的激光散射特性进行了比较。结果表明,等效球形粒子的激光散射特性与随机取向烟尘团簇粒子的激光散射特性存在着明显差别,不能用等效球形粒子来代替随机取向的团簇粒子;随机取向的烟尘团簇粒子的激光散射特性受基本粒子数量和粒径的影响比较大。该结果将为进一步研究随机取向团簇粒子的形成机理、形态特性以及激光在其中的传输特性提供了一种理论方法。     

随机取向烟幕凝聚粒子的消光特性

采用蒙特卡罗方法根据团簇-团簇凝聚(CCA)模型对由球形原始微粒凝聚而成的烟幕凝聚粒子进行模拟,用离散偶极子近似(DDA)方法研究随机取向烟幕凝聚粒子的消光特性.结果表明,凝聚粒子的消光特性受到原始微粒数量以及粒径的影响,粒子的凝聚将减弱烟幕的消光性能;当凝聚结构中原始微粒的数目一定时,存在使烟幕消光性能达到最大的原始微粒粒径.     

分形烟尘簇团粒子的消光特性研究

根据物质的电结构,将烟尘簇团粒子离散为一系列的偶极子,利用离散偶极子近似方法,获得了不同波长电磁波入射情况下分形烟尘簇团粒子不对称因子、吸收和散射效率因子的值.结合偶极子在电磁场中的力学性质,分析了烟尘簇团粒子在外加电磁场中所受的力和力矩,给出三种分形结构烟尘簇团粒子的电磁辐射压力及电磁辐射力矩效率因子随入射波波长变化的数值结果,分析了烟尘粒子对电磁能量吸收的宏观表现和微观机理.结果显示:入射波长、烟尘簇团粒子的分形维数及所含原始微粒数目都将影响烟尘粒子的消光特性.     

掺杂对随机取向团簇粒子辐射特性的影响

利用Bruggeman有效介质理论得到了占有不同体积份额杂质的团簇粒子的等效复折射率.采用离散偶极子近似方法对包含有不同化学成分的随机取向团簇粒子的散射相函数、消光、吸收、散射效率因子、单次散射反照率以及不对称因子等辐射特性参量进行了数值计算,深入探讨了掺杂量对随机取向团簇粒子辐射特性的影响.研究表明,掺杂对随机取向团...     

掺杂对随机分布团簇粒子缪勒矩阵的影响

文章分析了不同含量的杂质对随机分布团簇粒子缪勒矩阵的影响.利用Bruggeman有效介质理论得到了含有不同体积份额杂质的硅酸盐粒子的等效复折射率.采用离散偶极子近似方法对包含有不同化学成分的随机分布团簇粒子的缪勒矩阵进行了数值计算,给出了各个缪勒矩阵元素的散射角分布曲线,探讨了不同含量的杂质对随机分布团簇粒子缪勒矩阵的影响.研究表明,掺杂对随机分布团簇粒子的缪勒矩阵存在着不同程度的影响,并且此影响随着粒子尺度参数的变化而显著变化. 关键词： 团簇粒子 缪勒矩阵 Bruggeman有效介质理论 离散偶极子近似方法     

A study of radiative properties of fractal soot aggregates using the superposition T-matrix method

We employ the numerically exact superposition T-matrix method to perform extensive computations of scattering and absorption properties of soot aggregates with varying state of compactness and size. The fractal dimension, D_f, is used to quantify the geometrical mass dispersion of the clusters. The optical properties of soot aggregates for a given fractal dimension are complex functions of the refractive index of the material m, the number of monomers N_S, and the monomer radius a. It is shown that for smaller values of a, the absorption cross section tends to be relatively constant when D_f<2 but increases rapidly when D_f>2. However, a systematic reduction in light absorption with D_f is observed for clusters with sufficiently large N_S, m, and a. The scattering cross section and single-scattering albedo increase monotonically as fractals evolve from chain-like to more densely packed morphologies, which is a strong manifestation of the increasing importance of scattering interaction among spherules. Overall, the results for soot fractals differ profoundly from those calculated for the respective volume-equivalent soot spheres as well as for the respective external mixtures of soot monomers under the assumption that there are no electromagnetic interactions between the monomers. The climate-research implications of our results are discussed.     

Numerical investigation of the effect of soot aggregation on the radiative properties in the infrared region and radiative heat transfer

The effect of aggregation on soot radiative properties in the infrared region of the spectrum is numerically investigated using Rayleigh-Debye-Gans theory for fractal aggregates (RDG-FA). In order to use the RDG-FA theory for a wide range of aggregate sizes and wavelengths, the predicted phase functions, scattering and absorption coefficients are compared with a more accurate theory, the integral equation formulation for scattering—IEFS. The importance of scattering when compared with absorption is investigated, as well as the effect of aggregation on the phase function shape and on the scattering cross section. It is concluded that in the case of small aggregates formed with small primary particles the scattering coefficient is negligible compared with the absorption coefficient, and scattering and aggregation of primary particles can be ignored. Thus, the Rayleigh approximation can be used leading to isotropic scattering. In the case of large aggregates constituted by large primary particles, aggregation becomes important and the scattering cross section is of the same order of magnitude of the absorption cross section. Moreover, the phase function becomes highly peaked in the forward direction. Therefore, the Rayleigh and the equivalent volume Mie sphere approximations are not valid, and the RDG-FA method emerges as a good compromise between accuracy and simplicity of application. However, radiative transfer calculations between two infinite, parallel, black walls show that scattering may always be neglected in the calculation of total radiative heat source and heat fluxes to the walls. The minor influence of scattering on the accuracy of the predictions is explained by the shift between the spectral region where scattering is important and the region where the spectral radiative heat source is large.     

随机分布黑碳-硅酸盐混合凝聚粒子的消光特性研究

基于分形理论,采用蒙特卡罗方法对随机分布的混合凝聚粒子的空间结构进行了仿真模拟。利用Bruggeman有效介质理论得到了占有不同体积份额黑碳的内混合凝聚粒子的等效复折射率。采用离散偶极子近似方法对随机分布混合凝聚粒子在内外混合状态下的吸收、散射和消光效率因子等消光特性参量进行了数值计算,深入探讨了混合方式、容积含量、入射波长以及基本粒子粒径和数量对混合凝聚粒子消光特性的影响规律。通过将所得数值结果与T矩阵方法的数值结果进行比较发现,两种数值方法计算的结果非常相近。结果表明,随机分布混合凝聚粒子的散射效率因子对混合方式非常敏感,消光效率因子对混合方式较敏感,而吸收效率因子对混合方式不敏感。随着凝聚粒子尺度参数的增大,混合方式对散射和消光效率因子的影响逐渐显著。内外混合方式下,随着黑碳体积比的增大随机分布混合凝聚粒子的吸收、散射和消光效率因子均近似线性增大,并且增大的幅度随着粒子尺度参数的增大而增大。     

The single scattering properties of the aerosol particles as aggregated spheres

The light scattering and absorption properties of anthropogenic aerosol particles such as soot aggregates are complicated in the temporal and spatial distribution, which introduce uncertainty of radiative forcing on global climate change. In order to study the single scattering properties of anthorpogenic aerosol particles, the structures of these aerosols such as soot paticles and soot-containing mixtures with the sulfate or organic matter, are simulated using the parallel diffusion limited aggregation algorithm (DLA) based on the transmission electron microscope images (TEM). Then, the single scattering properties of randomly oriented aerosols, such as scattering matrix, single scattering albedo (SSA), and asymmetry parameter (AP), are computed using the superposition T-matrix method. The comparisons of the single scattering properties of these specific types of clusters with different morphological and chemical factors such as fractal parameters, aspect ratio, monomer radius, mixture mode and refractive index, indicate that these different impact factors can respectively generate the significant influences on the single scattering properties of these aerosols. The results show that aspect ratio of circumscribed shape has relatively small effect on single scattering properties, for both differences of SSA and AP are less than 0.1. However, mixture modes of soot clusters with larger sulfate particles have remarkably important effects on the scattering and absorption properties of aggregated spheres, and SSA of those soot-containing mixtures are increased in proportion to the ratio of larger weakly absorbing attachments. Therefore, these complex aerosols come from man made pollution cannot be neglected in the aerosol retrievals. The study of the single scattering properties on these kinds of aggregated spheres is important and helpful in remote sensing observations and atmospheric radiation balance computations.     

Influence of complex component and particle polydispersity on radiative properties of soot aggregate in atmosphere

The effects of morphological structure, water coating, dust mixing and primary particle size distribution on the radiative properties of soot fractal aggregates in atmosphere are investigated using T-matrix method. These fractal aggregates are numerically generated using a combination of the particle-cluster and cluster-cluster aggregation algorithms with fractal parameters representing soot aggregate in atmosphere. The radiative properties of compact aggregate notably deviate from that of the branched one, and the effect of morphology changes on the radiative properties in wet air cannot be neglected. However it is reasonable to use realization-averaged radiative properties to represent that of the aggregates with certain morphology. In wet air, the scattering, absorption and extinction cross-section and symmetry parameter of soot aggregates coated with water notably increase with water shell thickness. The mixing structures of dust have little effect on radiative properties of aggregates, but the volume fraction of dust has an obvious effect on extinction, scattering and absorption cross-section of aggregates when the size parameters are above the Rayleigh limit. Although the primary particle size distribution of soot aggregate has mild effect on the scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter, the deviations of the extinction, scattering, absorption cross-section among the three size distributions are significant in this study. The size distribution has a significant effect on forward scattering of phase function, while the effect can be neglected as the size parameter approaches to the Rayleigh limit.     

煤烟聚集粒子的光散射特性研究(英文)

基于分形理论,用计算机模拟了由球形基本粒子构成的煤烟聚集粒子。利用离散偶极子近似方法(Discrete Dipole Approximation)研究了煤烟聚集粒子的散射特性,讨论了分形煤烟聚集粒子的散射强度随煤烟聚集粒子的分形结构、大小、相对折射率及入射波波长变化情况。     

Radar polarimetry of Saturn's rings: Modeling ring particles as fractal aggregates built of small ice monomers

We analyze ground-based radar polarimetric observations of Saturn's rings at a wavelength of 12.6 cm by employing the model of a vertically and horizontally plane-parallel homogeneous slab composed of clumpy particles in the form of fractal aggregates of small ice monomers. Our model takes full account of the effects of polarization, multiple scattering, and coherent backscattering. Using efficient superposition T-matrix and vector radiative transfer codes, we perform computations of the backscattering circular polarization ratio for fractal aggregates generated with a cluster–cluster aggregation model and having the following characteristics: monomer refractive index m=1.78+i0.003; monomer packing density p=0.2; fractal dimensions D_f=2.5 and 3; and overall fractal radii R in the range 4?R?10 cm. In order to obtain physically realistic values of single-scattering properties of the aggregates we perform averaging over an ensemble of clusters generated for the same values of fractal parameters but having different geometrical configurations of the monomers. We conclude that in the framework of the above morphological model of Saturn's rings and the specific cluster–cluster aggregation procedure, it may be problematic to obtain a satisfactory and realistic agreement between theoretical computations and the observed values of the radar circular polarization ratio.     

A simplified model to predict the effects of aggregation on the absorption properties of soot particles

An exact electrostatics formulation for sphere clusters is used to predict the Rayleigh-limit radiative absorption properties of soot aggregates. In the near to mid IR wavelengths, it is shown that aggregation can result in absorption cross sections that are significantly larger than that predicted by an independent-sphere (Rayleigh–Gans) model. The relative increase in absorption increases with the number of spheres in the aggregate, and reaches an asymptote for aggregates containing 100–200 spheres. A simplified correlation is developed to predict the aggregate absorption cross section as a function of number of spheres and refractive index. Implications of the effects of aggregation on absorption and emission of thermal radiation by soot in flame and atmospheric environments are discussed.     

Orientational averaging of integrated cross sections in the discrete dipole method

Using the discrete dipole method, exact and approximate analytical solutions for orientation-averaged cross sections for extinction, absorption, and scattering of light are obtained. The analytical solutions can be applied to the calculation of integrated cross sections of fractal clusters formed by primary particles with different optical properties (soot in air and aqueous suspensions of aggregates of polystyrene, gold, and silver nanoparticles). It is shown that two models of aggregates that differ only in trajectories (ballistic or Brownian) of primary particles and intermediate clusters and in average fractal dimensions give close values of averaged extinction cross sections.