利用α关联衰变链鉴别新同位素_(107)~(265)Bh

主要介绍了合成和鉴别107号元素的新同位素265Bh的实验装置、实验方法以及实验结果.目标核265Bh是由能量为135MeV的26Mg离子轰击243Am靶,通过融合蒸发反应而产生.反应产物首先由He jet系统传输到装有数个探测器对的转轮收集测量系统,然后依靠母子核遗传关系通过观察新同位素和它们已知子核261Db和257Lr之间的α衰变的关联,来实现对新核素的鉴别.实验测得265Bh的α衰变能量为(9.24±0.05)MeV, 半衰期为0.94+0.70-0.31s.从该实验得出的265Bh的α衰变能量和半寿命能够与理论预言一致.     

利用α关联衰变链鉴别新同位素265107Bh

主要介绍了合成和鉴别107号元素的新同位素265Bh的实验装置、实验方法以及实验结果.目标核265Bh是由能量为135MeV的26Mg离子轰击243Am靶,通过融合蒸发反应而产生. 反应产物首先由He-jet系统传输到装有数个探测器对的转轮收集测量系统，然后依靠母子核遗传关系通过观察新同位素和它们已知子核261Db和257Lr之间的a衰变的关联，来实现对新核素的鉴别. 实验测得265Bh的a衰变能量为(9.24±0.05)MeV, 半衰期为0.94＋0.70 -0.31s. 从该实验得出的265Bh的a衰变能量和半寿命能够与理论预言一致.     

265Bh(Z=107)同位素的首次观测

在兰州的重离子加速器上用²⁶Mg离子束轰击²⁴³Am靶,产生了新同位素²⁶⁵Bh.通过观测新同位素²⁶⁵Bh和它的已知子核²⁶¹Db和²⁵⁷Lr之间的α衰变的关联,实现了对新核素的鉴别.实验中使用了一套新建立的具有数个探测器对的转轮收集探测系统.将该系统用于特殊的母–子核搜索模式,从而大大减少了本底.共测得了8个²⁶⁵Bh的α衰变关联事件;同时4个已知核²⁶⁴Bh的衰变关联事件也被鉴别出来.实验测得²⁶⁵Bh的α衰变能量为(9.24±0.05)MeV,半衰期为0.94+0.70–0.31s.     

关于合成265Bh实验的可行性分析

分析了目前关于超重核研究的现状,结合现有的设备及条件,在合成259Db以后,下一次实验的目标核初步确定为107号元素的新同位素265Bh.描述了对MG转轮收集探测系统的实验检验结果.实验中成功地观察和测量了24Mg+232Th的产物252No的母子体的α衰变谱,为下一步合成265Bh完成了部分预实验工作.另外,也给出了下一个目标核的衰变特性的理论预言值,同时也选择了产生该目标核的弹靶组合及反应道,并对生成截面进行了粗略估计,给出了该核的可观测性产额及可行性分析. The present status of investigation on the surperheavy nuclei are analyzed. After 259Db synthesized, the next objective nuclide is determined to be265Bh, a new isotope of Z=107 element, according to our existing available equipment and conditions.The test result of the MG rotating wheel collection and detection system is described. The α decay spectra of mother daughter of the product252No from24Mg +232Th reaction are observed and measured successfully in this test experiment. It is regarde...     

新核素265Bh及其α衰变链上核的基态性质

运用变形的相对论平均场理论系统地探讨了新核素Bh及其va衰变链的基态性质. 对关联的处理采用了BCS方法, 不成对核子的处理运用了``阻塞"法后,所计算的结合能和四极形变符合了有限力程小液滴模型的结果, 计算表明研究的va衰 变链具有中等大小的长椭球形变; 且计算的va衰变能Q_α成功地与实验符合.在此基础上进一步研究了新核素Bh的单粒子能级.     

266Bh的α衰变性质研究(英文)

报道了利用兰州重离子研究装置提供的26Mg重离子束流轰击243Am靶产生和鉴别已知超重核素266Bh的实验结果。利用转轮收集探测装置依靠母子核遗传关系通过观测Bh同位素与其子核Db和Lr之间的α-α关联事件来鉴别266Bh。实验中观测到266Bh的α能量为（9.03 ± 0.08）MeV, 与日本理化学研究所在合成113号元素中第一个衰变链中观测到266Bh的α能量为9.07 MeV相近。 266Bh的半衰期为0.66+0.59-0.26 s, 从实验得到的Qα也符合Z=107的Qα随中子数变化的系统性。The isotope of 266Bh was produced and identified definitely in bombardments of 243Am target with 162 MeV 26Mg ions at HIRFL. Identification was made by observation of correlated α particle decays between the Bh isotopes and their Db and Lr daughters using a rotating wheel system. The measured α energy for 266Bh is (9.03±0.08) MeV, and this value close to the 9.07 MeV for 266Bh observed in the first chain of element 113 at RIKEN. The half life of 266Bh is 0.66+0.59 -0.26 s. The Qα value derived from this experiment fits well into the general trend in a “Qα N systematics” for the isotopes with Z = 107.     

满壳层附近禁戒α衰变寿命的研究

发展了α结团模型并用于研究满壳层(Z=82,N=126)附近的禁戒α衰变,对实验新观测到的天然α放射性核素209Bi以及N=127同中子素链(Po—U)的α衰变寿命进行了计算,理论结果和实验数据能够很好地符合,验证了α结团模型对禁戒α衰变的适用性.通过引入随质子数变化的α粒子预形成几率公式,进一步改进和完善了α结团模型.     

推广的液滴模型对超重核288115及其α衰变链性质的研究

运用推广的液滴模型来确定新核素²⁸⁸115及其α衰变链上核的衰变位垒, 采用量子力学中处理α衰变的WKB方法, 对该链上各原子核的α衰变半寿命进行了研究．计算结果表明推广的液滴模型结合WKB方法可以很好地在超重区符合α衰变半寿命的实验值. 同时把推广的液滴模型的计算结果和采用密度相关的M3Y微观核力的结果做了详细的比较, 宏观模型(推广的液滴模型)和微观模型(密度相关的M3Y微观核力)计算的α衰变半寿命以及实验值三者之间的符合是对新核素²⁸⁸115及其α衰变链上核半寿命很好的检验.     

Preparation of Metallic Isotope ^26Mg

Some special isotope material is usually used in nuclear experiments. It can be served as ion beam or target. When new superheavy nuclide ^265Bh (Z=107) is synthesized, a reaction of ^243Am target with ^26Mg ion beamis selected to produce new isotope ^265Bh. The preparation and production of this rare and extremely expensive isotope ^26 Mg used for ion beam substance will be a key problem in synthesizing experiment of 265Bh. Theavailable chemical form of isotope ^26Mg in commercial product usually is oxide or other compound, which are not required in our experiment. They need to be transformed to metal form as a proper working substance in ion source.     

用推广的Viola-Seaborg公式计算α衰变寿命

根据Audi等编评的最新核数据表, 对Z≥84, N≥128的核的α衰变实验寿命用Viola-Seaborg公式进行最小方差拟合, 得到一套新参数. 用新拟合参数计算的偶偶核的衰变寿命与实验寿命很好地符合, 平均偏差1.3倍.而对奇A和奇奇核理论寿命与实验寿命相差较远. 考虑到处于基态时奇A和奇奇核与偶偶核的主要区别在于自旋和宇称, 对Viola-Seaborg公式做了推广. 在公式中引入了离心势垒(即α粒子轨道角动量)对衰变寿命的影响. 由推广公式计算的奇A和奇奇核的寿命与实验寿命平均偏差2.5倍,最大偏差5—6倍.     

First Observation for Isotope 265Bh(Z=107)

New isotope ²⁶⁵Bh(Z=107) was produced in bombardment of an ²⁴³Am target with 135MeV ²⁶Mg ions at HIRFL. Identification was made by observation of correlated α particle decays between the new isotope ²⁶⁵Bh and its ²⁶¹Db and ²⁵⁷Lr daughters with four pairs of detectors. A total of 8 correlated decay events of ²⁶⁵Bh and 4 decay events of ²⁶⁴Bh were identified. ²⁶⁵Bh decays with a 0.94+0.70-0.31s half-life by emission of α particle with an average energy of (9.24±0.05)MeV.     

Lightest isotope of Bh produced via the 209Bi(52Cr,n)260Bh reaction

The lightest isotope of Bh was produced in the new 209Bi(52Cr,n)260Bh reaction at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-Inch Cyclotron. Positive identification was made by observation of eight correlated alpha particle decay chains in the focal plane detector of the Berkeley Gas-Filled Separator. 260Bh decays with a 35(-9)(+19) ms half-life by alpha particle emission mainly by a group at 10.16 MeV. The measured cross section of 59(-20)(+29) pb is compared to model predictions. The influence of the N=152 and Z=108 shells on alpha decay properties is discussed.     

Evidence for new isotopes of element 107: 266Bh and 267Bh

New neutron rich isotopes 267107Bh and 266107Bh were produced in bombardments of a 249Bk target with 117-MeV and 123-MeV 22Ne ions at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 88-Inch Cyclotron. Identification was made by observation of correlated alpha-particle decays between the Bh isotopes and their Db and Lr daughters using a rotating wheel system. 267Bh was produced with a cross section of approximately 70 pb and decays with a 17(+14)(-6) s half life by emission of alpha particles with an average energy of 8.83+/-0.03 MeV. One atom of 266Bh was observed, decaying within 1 s by emission of a 9.29-MeV alpha particle.     

Alpha-decay properties of <Superscript>261</Superscript>Bh

The isotope ²⁶¹Bh was produced in the reaction ²⁰⁹Bi(⁵⁴Cr, 2n)²⁶¹Bh and its \( \alpha\) decay has been remeasured. It was found that it populates by an unhindered transition of \( \approx\) 10 MeV an excited level at E ^* > 350 keV in the daughter nucleus ²⁵⁷Db . The latter decays by internal transitions either into the isomeric state or the ground state. A somewhat improved half-life value of T _1/2 = 11.8^+3.9 _-2.4 ms was obtained for ²⁶¹Bh . The data support the previous assignment of the \( \alpha\) activities ²⁵⁷Db (1) and ²⁵⁷Db (2) to the isomer and to the ground state, respectively. No evidence for an isomeric state in ²⁶¹Bh decaying by \( \alpha\) emission was found. Based on the experimental results and theoretical calculations a partial decay scheme of ²⁶¹Bh including spin and parity assignments of the ground-state and excited levels in the daughter nucleus ²⁵⁷Db populated by the \( \alpha\) decay and succeeding internal transitions have been suggested. ²⁶¹Bh represents so far the heaviest nucleus for which such an attempt has been made. No spontaneous fission (SF) events that could be attributed to ²⁶¹Bh were observed, resulting in an SF branching b _SF < 0.05 . The measured production cross-section is (64±15) pb at E ^* = 22 MeV.     

New superheavy element isotopes: ²⁴²Pu(⁴⁸Ca,5n) ²⁸⁵114

The new, neutron-deficient, superheavy element isotope 2??114 was produced in ??Ca irradiations of 2?2Pu targets at a center-of-target beam energy of 256 MeV (E*=50 MeV). The α decay of 2??114was followed by the sequential α decay of four daughter nuclides, 281Cn, 277Ds, 273Hs, and 269Sg. 265Rf was observed to decay by spontaneous fission. The measured α-decay Q values were compared with those from a macroscopic-microscopic nuclear mass model to give insight into superheavy element shell effects. The2?2Pu (??Ca,5n2)2??114 cross section was 0.6(-0.5)+0.9 pb.     

晕核6He（25 MeV/u）在9Be上的破裂反应

25 MeV/u 6He+9Be反应的实验中利用多个探测器望远镜对反应产物进行了测量, 对实验中各个角度测量到的4He进行观察, 将其中两个有高能峰成分的探测器划分成三部分, 得到不同角度4He的单举能谱和破裂产生4He的微分截面. Different products of 6He nuclei from 9Be target has been measured with a 6He beam at energy of 25 MeV/u. The energy spectra at different angles for 4He isotope were analyzed and the experiment differential cross sections for the direct breakup reaction were obtained.     

Theoretical Study on Properties of New Isotope 265Bh

The properties of nuclei belonging to the newly observed α-decay chain starting from 265Bh have been studied. The axially deformed relativistic mean-field calculation with the force NL-Z2 has been performed in the blockedBCS approximation. Some ground state properties such as binding energies, deformations, spins, and parities, as well as Q-values of the α-decay for this decay chain have been calculated and compared with known experimental data. Good agreement is found. The single-particle spectrum of the nucleus 265 Bh is studied and some new magic numbers are found,while the magnitudes of the shell gaps in superheavy nuclei are much smaller than those of nuclei before the actinium region, and the Fermi surfaces are close to the continuum. Thus the superheavy nuclei are usually not stable. The The methods which give good agreement with the data are selected.