一些极值图问题的谱条件综述（英文）

这篇综述分为两个方面.首先,我们总结了图论中的Turan型问题的谱极值结论的最新进展.更准确地说,关于各种图的邻接谱半径和无符号拉普拉斯谱半径,我们总结了它们的谱版本的Turán型函数.例如,完全图、色数至少为3的一般图、完全二部图、奇圈、偶圈、色临界图和相交三角形图.第二个目标是总结一些最近的关于图性质的谱条件.通过一种统一的方法,基于邻接谱半径和无符号拉普拉斯谱半径,我们给出了一些充分条件,使得该图成为哈密顿图、k-哈密顿图、k-边哈密顿图、可迹图、k-路径可覆盖图、k-连通图、k-边连通图、哈密顿连通图、完美匹配图和β-亏量图.     

包含k-树图的毁裂度条件

连通图G的一个k-树是指图G的一个最大度至多是k的生成树.对于连通图G来说,其毁裂度定义为r(G)=max{ω(G-X)-|X|-m(G-X)|X■V(G),ω(G-X)1}其中ω(G-X)和m(G-X)分别表示G-X中的分支数目和最大分支的阶数.本文结合毁裂度给出连通图G包含一个k-树的充分条件;利用图的结构性质和毁裂度的关系逐步刻画并给出图G包含一个k-树的毁裂度条件.     

一般图的哈密顿图的研究进展

1991年刘振宏和李明楚在南京大学召开的首届哈密顿图研讨会的综述文章中说"要给出一个一般图具有哈密顿圈的充分条件是一件非常不容易的事"。因哈密顿图是含哈密顿圈的图类,如此哈密顿图主要有六个方向:哈密顿圈、哈密顿连通、泛圈图、点泛圈图、泛连通图、最短路径泛圈图。本文中,我们就给出一般图的这些领域新进展的小综述。     

直径不超过2的2连通无爪图是哈密顿图

不包含2K_2的图是指不包含一对独立边作为导出子图的图.Kriesell证明了所有4连通的无爪图的线图是哈密顿连通的.本文证明了如果图G不包含2K_2并且不同构与K_2,P_3和双星图,那么线图L(G)是哈密顿图,进一步应用由Ryjá(?)ek引入的闭包的概念,给出了直径不超过2的2连通无爪图是哈密顿图这个定理的新的证明方法.     

分数k-因子临界图的条件

设G是-个连通简单无向图,如果删去G的任意k个项点后的图有分数完美匹配,则称G是分数k-因子临界图．给出了G是分数k-因子临界图的韧度充分条件与度和充分条件,这些条件中的界是可达的,并给出G是分数k-因子临界图的一个关于分数匹配数的充分必要条件．     

正则的哈密顿路图

本文仅考虑无向简单图。所谓图G的哈密顿路图是指这样的图,它与G有相同的节点集,其中任意两个节点有边相连当且仅当它们在G中有哈密顿路相连。用H(G)表示图G的哈密顿路图。递归地,由H~k(G)=H(H~(k-1)(G))(k≥2)可以定义k-哈密顿路图。用ε(G)表示图G的边数。如果G(?)H~k(G),则称图G为k-自哈密顿路图,简称为k-SHP图(k-Self Hamil-tonian Path Graph(k≥1)。若k=1,则称G为SHP图。     

哈密顿连通图和可迹图的新充分谱条件

令G是一个简单连通图,ρ(G)和q~D(G)分别为图G的邻接谱半径和距离无符号拉普拉斯谱半径.提供了图G是哈密顿连通的两个新的谱充分条件,这两个充分条件分别是以ρ(G)和q~D(G)表示的,其中G是G的补图.进一步地,还给出了以q~D(G)表示的图G是从任意一点出发都是可迹的新的谱充分条件,从而扩展和改进了文献中的结果.     

关于Sumner-Blitch猜想的一个注记

设G是一个图。G的最小度，连通度，控制数，独立控制数和独立数分别用δ，k，γ，i和α表示，图G是3－γ-临界的，如果γ=3，而且G增加任一条边所得的图的控制数为2.Sumner和Blitch猜想：任意连通的3－γ临界图满足i=3，本文证明了如果G是使α＝k 1≤δ的连通3－γ-临界图，那么Sumner-Blitch猜想成立。     

P3-支配图哈密尔顿性的两个充分条件

在文献[3]中介绍了一个新的图类-P3-支配图.这个图类包含所有的拟无爪图,因此也包含所有的无爪图.在本文中,我们证明了每一个点数至少是3的三角形连通的P3-支配图是哈密尔顿的,但有一个例外图K1,1,3.同时,我们也证明了k-连通的(k≥2)的P3-支配图是哈密尔顿的,如果an(G)≤k,但有两个例外图K1,1,3 and K2,3.     

图的能量与哈密尔顿性

设G是一个无向简单图, A(G)为$G$的邻接矩阵. 用G的补图的特征值给出G包含哈密尔顿路、哈密尔顿圈以及哈密尔顿连通图的充分条件; 其次用二部图的拟补图的特征值给出二部图包含哈密尔顿圈的充分条件. 这些结果改进了一些已知的结果.     

Polynomial algorithms that prove an NP-Hard hypothesis implies an NP-hard conclusion

A number of results in hamiltonian graph theory are of the form “ implies ”, where is a property of graphs that is NP-hard and is a cycle structure property of graphs that is also NP-hard. An example of such a theorem is the well-known Chvátal–Erd s Theorem, which states that every graph G with κ is hamiltonian. Here κ is the vertex connectivity of G and is the cardinality of a largest set of independent vertices of G. In another paper Chvátal points out that the proof of this result is in fact a polynomial time construction that either produces a Hamilton cycle or a set of more than κ independent vertices. In this note we point out that other theorems in hamiltonian graph theory have a similar character. In particular, we present a constructive proof of a well-known theorem of Jung (Ann. Discrete Math. 3 (1978) 129) for graphs on 16 or more vertices.     

Hamiltonian connectedness in 3-connected line graphs

We investigate graphs G such that the line graph L(G) is hamiltonian connected if and only if L(G) is 3-connected, and prove that if each 3-edge-cut contains an edge lying in a short cycle of G, then L(G) has the above mentioned property. Our result extends Kriesell’s recent result in [M. Kriesell, All 4-connected line graphs of claw free graphs are hamiltonian-connected, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 82 (2001) 306-315] that every 4-connected line graph of a claw free graph is hamiltonian connected. Another application of our main result shows that if L(G) does not have an hourglass (a graph isomorphic to K₅−E(C₄), where C₄ is an cycle of length 4 in K₅) as an induced subgraph, and if every 3-cut of L(G) is not independent, then L(G) is hamiltonian connected if and only if κ(L(G))≥3, which extends a recent result by Kriesell [M. Kriesell, All 4-connected line graphs of claw free graphs are hamiltonian-connected, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 82 (2001) 306-315] that every 4-connected hourglass free line graph is hamiltonian connected.     

Hamiltonicity in vertex envelopes of plane cubic graphs

In this paper we study a graph operation which produces what we call the “vertex envelope” G^∗_V from a graph G. We apply it to plane cubic graphs and investigate the hamiltonicity of the resulting graphs, which are also cubic. To this end, we prove a result giving a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of hamiltonian cycles in the vertex envelopes of plane cubic graphs. We then use these conditions to identify graphs or classes of graphs whose vertex envelopes are either all hamiltonian or all non-hamiltonian, paying special attention to bipartite graphs. We also show that deciding if a vertex envelope is hamiltonian is NP-complete, and we provide a polynomial algorithm for deciding if a given cubic plane graph is a vertex envelope.     

图的因子和因子分解的若干进展

本文综述了图的的因子和因子分解近年来的一些新结果。主要有图的因子与各种参数之间的关系,图有某种因子的一些充分必要条件,特别是图有ｋ－因子的一些充分条件以及关于图的因子分解和正交因子分解的一些新结果。文中提出了一些新的问题和猜想。     

Some recent results in hamiltonian graphs

A variety of recent developments in hamiltonian theory are reviewed. In particular, several sufficient conditions for a graph to be hamiltonian, certain hamiltonian properties of line graphs, and various hamiltonian properties of powers of graphs are discussed. Furthermore, the concept of an n-distant hamiltonian graph is introduced and several theorems involving this special class of hamiltonian graphs are presented.     

Polar cographs

Polar graphs are a natural extension of some classes of graphs like bipartite graphs, split graphs and complements of bipartite graphs. A graph is (s,k)-polar if there exists a partition A,B of its vertex set such that A induces a complete s-partite graph (i.e., a collection of at most s disjoint stable sets with complete links between all sets) and B a disjoint union of at most k cliques (i.e., the complement of a complete k-partite graph).Recognizing a polar graph is known to be NP-complete. These graphs have not been extensively studied and no good characterization is known. Here we consider the class of polar graphs which are also cographs (graphs without induced path on four vertices). We provide a characterization in terms of forbidden subgraphs. Besides, we give an algorithm in time O(n) for finding a largest induced polar subgraph in cographs; this also serves as a polar cograph recognition algorithm. We examine also the monopolar cographs which are the (s,k)-polar cographs where min(s,k)?1. A characterization of these graphs by forbidden subgraphs is given. Some open questions related to polarity are discussed.     

Tough spiders

Spider graphs are the intersection graphs of subtrees of subdivisions of stars. Thus, spider graphs are chordal graphs that form a common superclass of interval and split graphs. Motivated by previous results on the existence of Hamilton cycles in interval, split and chordal graphs, we show that every 3/2‐tough spider graph is hamiltonian. The obtained bound is best possible since there are (3/2 – ε)‐tough spider graphs that do not contain a Hamilton cycle. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 56: 23–40, 2007     

How many random edges make a dense graph hamiltonian?

This paper investigates the number of random edges required to add to an arbitrary dense graph in order to make the resulting graph hamiltonian with high probability. Adding Θ(n) random edges is both necessary and sufficient to ensure this for all such dense graphs. If, however, the original graph contains no large independent set, then many fewer random edges are required. We prove a similar result for directed graphs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 22: 33–42, 2003     

Hamiltonian properties of triangular grid graphs

A triangular grid graph is a finite induced subgraph of the infinite graph associated with the two-dimensional triangular grid. In 2000, Reay and Zamfirescu showed that all 2-connected, linearly-convex triangular grid graphs (with the exception of one of them) are hamiltonian. The only exception is a graph D which is the linearly-convex hull of the Star of David. We extend this result to a wider class of locally connected triangular grid graphs. Namely, we prove that all connected, locally connected triangular grid graphs (with the same exception of graph D) are hamiltonian. Moreover, we present a sufficient condition for a connected graph to be fully cycle extendable. We also show that the problem Hamiltonian Cycle is NP-complete for triangular grid graphs.     

Independent Production of Non Hamiltonian Graphs

The decision whether a graph is hamiltonian or not is known to be an NP-complete problem. The importance of this kind of problem motivate several researchers in heuristics development. However, problems arise in the evaluating of this heuristics, more often because it is difficult to produce independent data. In this paper we develop methods to produce non hamiltonian graphs, based on independence subsets and toughness arguments. We also present a family of non hamiltonian graphs with strong restrictions, that is, planar 1-tough non hamiltonan graphs with no separation triangles.