ARMA模型在哈尔滨气温预测中的应用

将时间序列分析引入到气温时间序列预测的研究中,深入分析气温样本数据,并对其建立ARMA模型.采用最佳准则函数法确定模型的阶数,并利用自相关函数对模型的残差进行了检验.通过条件期望预测和适时修正预测方法求得预测值,与真实值的比较得到适时修正预测精确度比条件期望预测的精确度高.     

基于Box-Jenkins方法的青南高原降水量时间序列分析建模与预测

应用基于Box-Jenkins方法的时间序列分析技术,对青南高原的四个典型地区1961-2005年降水量序列进行ARMA建模分析:验证了四地区年降水量序列的时间序列特性,研究并选择了这些序列的最佳ARMA模型,本文也通过模型对未来降水量进行了预测.模型实证分析的结果表明:在青藏高原降水量时间序列分析建模与预测方面,Box-Jenkins方法及其模型是一种精度较高且切实有效的方法模型.     

基于3σ准则的分段拟合及其GARCH修正模型

在金融时间序列中,一组金融序列可被视为由不同时间段的分段函数拟合连接而成.利用3σ准则确定分段函数的临界点,并根据AIC准则及调整后R2对分段点进行验证,从而分段点把数据分割成两部分.对两序列分别用合适的函数进行拟合,并用ARMA-GARCH模型对残差序列进行修正.由上证综合指数数据的实证分析结果表明:3σ准则能很好地检索出临界点,同时建立的分段函数模型预测效果要优于ARMA与EGARCH模型,以及ARMA-GARCH模型的引入对模型的精确度有所提高.所介绍的方法简单易懂、便于操作、精度高,为金融投资者和学者提供参考价值.     

联合广义线性模型中的变量选择

在联合广义线性模型中,均值和散度参数都被赋予了广义线性模型的结构,本文主要考虑该模型的变量选择问题. 文章利用扩展拟似然函数,提出了一个适用于联合广义线性模型的新的变量选择准则(EAIC),该准则是Akaike信息准则的推广.论文通过模拟研究和一个实例分析验证了该准则的效果.     

基于Gibbs抽样的贝叶斯稳健ARMA模型研究

针对ARMA模型建模过程中模型识别和参数估计易受观测值异常点影响问题,构建了同时考虑加性异常点和更新性异常点的ARMA模型．运用基于Gibbs抽样的Markov Chain Monte Carlo贝叶斯方法,估计稳健ARMA模型参数,同步确定观测值中异常点的位置,辨别异常点类型．并利用我国人口自然增长数据进行仿真分析,研究结果表明：贝叶斯方法能够有效地识别ARMA序列的异常点．     

总体最小二乘准则下非线性EV模型的参数拟合方法

在非线性回归模型参数拟合问题中,当数据中的每个变量都存在不可忽略的误差时,在普通的最小二乘准则下拟合出的参数不是最优的.按照总体最小二乘准则,以观测点到拟合曲线或拟合曲面垂直距离平方和为目标函数,然后用最优化方法搜索出使目标函数值取最小值的参数和数据点估计,从而给出求最优模型参数的算法,最后,通过计算机仿真和与文献比较,验证了提出方法的正确性.     

基于Kolmogorov-Smirnov(KS)统计量的信用评分模型选择方法

信用评分系统在商业,金融,工程和健康等许多领域具有重要意义。Kolmogorov-S mirnov(KS)统计量是一种常用的评估信用评分模型的指标,Directly Maximizes the KolmogorovSmirnov (DMKS)是一种首次将KS统计量作为目标函数进行优化的信用评分方法。本文提出了一种基于DMKS信用评分方法以及交叉验证的模型选择方法,用于选择具有合适特征的信用评分模型,并且证明了该模型选择方法在理论上具有渐近最优性。本文使用Iterative Marginal Optimization (IMO)算法加速了模型选择准则的计算,使得本文所提模型选择方法可以适用于样本量较大的情形;同时利用前向变量选择方法的思想进一步地减少了本文所提模型选择方法的计算,从而加快了选取具有合适特征的信用评分模型的速度。模拟数据和实际数据分析表明了所提模型选择方法的有效性。     

用神经元网络实现ARMA模型参数估计

ARMA模型的参数估计,是一个非线性寻优的过程,本文提出一种新的神经网络算法,用于ARMA模型的参数估计,可以保证计算的收敛性,提高运算速度和估计精度。     

一种基于前景理论和改进TOPSIS的模糊随机多准则决策方法及其应用

针对准则值为区间灰数直觉模糊数、准则权系数部分已知以及自然状态出现概率为灰数的多准则决策问题,提出一种结合前景理论和改进TOPSIS的决策方法。该方法首先定义了灰色直觉模糊数的前景价值函数和概率权重函数,并利用前景理论构建出前景决策矩阵;接着从两个方面对传统TOPSIS决策方法进行改进:(1)过定义方案间综合差异的概念,采用离差最大化思想,建立平均综合差异最大化规划模型,给出了一种兼顾主客观权重信息确定准则权系数的新方法;(2)用灰关联替换备选方案与正负理想方案的距离,据此刻画了各方案与正负理想方案的贴近度。进而利用改进TOPSIS决策方法中的综合贴近度对方案进行了排序。最后通过实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

关联情境下物流服务外包商选择的混合型决策分析方法

现实中影响物流服务外包商选择的诸多因素通常具有主客观特性和关联性,针对此问题给出一种关联情境下物流服务外包商选择的混合型决策分析方法.首先,利用二元语义表示模型分别处理和集结专家给出的语言短语形式的因素关联信息和主观评价信息,并通过多因素关联分析确定因素的重要性和归类；然后,分别定义主客观测度因素的正负理想点,利用范数的概念构建规范化评价矩阵；进一步地,借鉴多准则优化妥协解(VIKOR)法的思想,计算每个备选外包商的群效用值和个体遗憾值以及折衷排序值,并根据折衷排序值选择出最理想的外包商.最后,通过一个实例分析说明给出方法的可行性和实用性.     

地震动瞬时谱估计的UnscentedKalman滤波方法

用时变ARMA模型描述地震动时程,提出了采用Unscented Kalman滤波技术实现地震动瞬时谱估计的思路．算例分析表明,Unscented Kalman滤波方法较Kalman滤波方法适用范围广,具有较高的时间和频率分辨率,能够更好地跟踪地震动的局部特性,适合处理非线性模型或有突变特性的模型的辨识问题．不同阶数ARMA模型的估计结果还表明,以往被忽略的ARMA模型的理论频率分辨力对地震动瞬时谱估计精度有重要影响,应作为一个参考指标在ARMA模型的判阶中加以考虑．     

基于三类模型的四大银行股票收益率预测研究

运用时间序列分析的预测方法,对四大银行的股票日对数收益率序列进行拟合与预测分析,分别构建ARMA模型、GARCH模型以及ARMA-GARCH组合模型,通过模型比较,实证分析表明:在拟合效果上,ARMA-GARCH模型的拟合优度优于ARMA模型和GARCH模型;在预测效果上,ARMA模型的预测效果最优,ARMA-GARCH模型次之.     

A Comparative Investigation on Model Selection in Independent Factor Analysis

With uncorrelated Gaussian factors extended to mutually independent factors beyond Gaussian, the conventional factor analysis is extended to what is recently called independent factor analysis. Typically, it is called binary factor analysis (BFA) when the factors are binary and called non-Gaussian factor analysis (NFA) when the factors are from real non-Gaussian distributions. A crucial issue in both BFA and NFA is the determination of the number of factors. In the literature of statistics, there are a number of model selection criteria that can be used for this purpose. Also, the Bayesian Ying-Yang (BYY) harmony learning provides a new principle for this purpose. This paper further investigates BYY harmony learning in comparison with existing typical criteria, including Akaik’s information criterion (AIC), the consistent Akaike’s information criterion (CAIC), the Bayesian inference criterion (BIC), and the cross-validation (CV) criterion on selection of the number of factors. This comparative study is made via experiments on the data sets with different sample sizes, data space dimensions, noise variances, and hidden factors numbers. Experiments have shown that for both BFA and NFA, in most cases BIC outperforms AIC, CAIC, and CV while the BYY criterion is either comparable with or better than BIC. In consideration of the fact that the selection by these criteria has to be implemented at the second stage based on a set of candidate models which have to be obtained at the first stage of parameter learning, while BYY harmony learning can provide not only a new class of criteria implemented in a similar way but also a new family of algorithms that perform parameter learning at the first stage with automated model selection, BYY harmony learning is more preferred since computing costs can be saved significantly.     

Post selection shrinkage estimation for high‐dimensional data analysis

In high‐dimensional data settings where p  ? n , many penalized regularization approaches were studied for simultaneous variable selection and estimation. However, with the existence of covariates with weak effect, many existing variable selection methods, including Lasso and its generations, cannot distinguish covariates with weak and no contribution. Thus, prediction based on a subset model of selected covariates only can be inefficient. In this paper, we propose a post selection shrinkage estimation strategy to improve the prediction performance of a selected subset model. Such a post selection shrinkage estimator (PSE) is data adaptive and constructed by shrinking a post selection weighted ridge estimator in the direction of a selected candidate subset. Under an asymptotic distributional quadratic risk criterion, its prediction performance is explored analytically. We show that the proposed post selection PSE performs better than the post selection weighted ridge estimator. More importantly, it improves the prediction performance of any candidate subset model selected from most existing Lasso‐type variable selection methods significantly. The relative performance of the post selection PSE is demonstrated by both simulation studies and real‐data analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The benefit of data-based model complexity selection via prediction error curves in time-to-event data

The fitting of predictive survival models usually involves determination of model complexity parameters. Up to now, there was no general applicable model selection criterion for semi- or non-parametric approaches. The integrated prediction error curve, an estimator of the integrated Brier score, has the ability to close this gap and allows a reasonable, data-based choice of complexity parameters for any kind of model where risk predictions can be obtained. Random survival forests are used as example throughout the article. Here, a critical complexity parameter might be the number of candidate variables at each node. Model selection by our integrated prediction error curve criterion is compared to a frequently used rule of thumb, investigating the potential benefit regarding prediction performance. For that, simulated microarray survival data as well as two real data sets of patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma and of patients with neuroblastoma are used. It is shown, that the optimal parameter value depends on the amount of information in the data and that a data-based selection can therefore be beneficial in several settings.     

基于初值修正的组合灰色Verhulst模型

对灰色Verhulst模型的拟合精度进行了分析,表明初值的选取对模型精度有重要影响.为提高灰色模型的拟合精度,利用最小二乘原理确定初值中的待定常数,给出了初值修正的灰色Verhulst模型.进一步利用修正模型和传统灰色Verhulst模型建立了组合灰色Verhulst模型,在平均相对误差最小的原则下,利用蚁群算法确定组合权系数.最后通过两个应用实例进行了计算和分析,结果表明,通过初值修正和组合模型能够提高灰色Verhulst模型的拟合精度,便于通过程序实现.     

Discretization of continuous systems with internal and external point delays through a quasiparametrical ARMA model

In this note, a discrete input/output model, which involves an ARMA part plus a nonrecursive additive term associated with the initial conditions of the free response, is formulated for continuous linear time-invariant systems involving internal and external point delays. The model is obtained from the application of the Cayley-Hamilton theorem to the continuous state-transition matrix. In some particular situations of asymptotic stability of the free system, the additive term associated with the response to initial conditions tends to a constant as time increases to infinity, and can be compensated through feedback so that the closed-loop model becomes a classical ARMA model     

Resampling-based information criteria for best-subset regression

When a linear model is chosen by searching for the best subset among a set of candidate predictors, a fixed penalty such as that imposed by the Akaike information criterion may penalize model complexity inadequately, leading to biased model selection. We study resampling-based information criteria that aim to overcome this problem through improved estimation of the effective model dimension. The first proposed approach builds upon previous work on bootstrap-based model selection. We then propose a more novel approach based on cross-validation. Simulations and analyses of a functional neuroimaging data set illustrate the strong performance of our resampling-based methods, which are implemented in a new R package.