非自治Lotka-Volterra扩散模型的持续生存与周期轨道(英)

本文研究了一类非自治的捕食者一食饵扩散模型；其中食饵能在环境相异的两个缀块间有限制地扩散，但对捕食者来说，缀块间的扩散不受任何限制；另外假设模型的系数都是时间的函数．我们证明了在适当的条件下，这个系统能够持续生存，进一步给出了系统存在唯一全局渐近稳定正周期轨道的充分条件．     

具有连续时滞和功能性反应的非自治竞争系统的持续生存

本文利用Lyapunov-Razumikhin理论讨论了具有连续时滞和Ⅱ类功能性反应的非自治扩散竞争系统．此系统有两个种群n个斑块，其中一个种群可以在n个斑块中自由扩散，另一种群被限定在一斑块中不能扩散．当系数满足一定的条件时，证明了系统是持续生存的，此外，给出了该系统的一周期解全局吸引的充分条件．     

非自治Lotkz—Volterra扩散模型的持续生存与周期轨道

本文研究了一类非自治的捕食者的一食饵扩散模型；其中食饵能在环境相异的两个缀块间有限制地扩散，但对捕食者来说，缀块间扩散不受任何限制；     

非局部时滞Schoner竞争反应扩散方程的行波解

构造并研究了一类具有非局部时滞Schoner竞争反应扩散模型．每一个种群的成熟期是一个常数,而且只有成年种群存在竞争,幼年的种群并不存在竞争,此外种群个体在空间区域中的运动是随机行走的．我们利用Wang,Li和Ruan建立的具有非局部时滞的反应扩散系统的波前解存在性理论,证明了连接两个边界平衡解的行波解的存在性．     

具有生态位构建作用的种群进化动力学模型及其应用研究

依据进化动力学的理论与方法,系统探讨了生态位构建的机理与模式．通过建立生态位构建的空间模式及其适合度计算公式和具有生态位构建作用的单种群与两种群的进化动力学模型,并对其种群进化动态、种间竞争共存机制进行的理论与数值模拟分析,揭示了生物与环境资源的协同进化关系．结果表明:种群动态受其主要生态因子及资源含量的正反馈作用．生态位构建作用通过对种群适宜度的影响而产生进化响应．单种群动力系统存在种群大小的阈值效应;在两竞争种群动力系统中,生态位构建可以导致进化动力系统的多个竞争结果,从而为解释种间竞争与稳定共存提供了一种新的理论机制．     

周期系数三种群Lotka－Volterra混合模型分析

考虑三种群Ｌｏｔｋａ－Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ周期系数模型，种群间既有捕食关系又有竞争关系，得到唯一存在全局渐近稳定周期解的条件，并举例说明条件的可行性．     

带自扩散的N个种群的Lotka-Volterra竞争模型整体解的一致有界性

本文运用Gagliardo-Nirenberg不等式和Sobolev嵌入定理证明了带有自扩散的n个种群的Lotka-Volterra竞争模型整体解的一致有界性．     

具有避难所和Ivlev功能性反应的捕食系统的稳定性分析

本文研究了一类具有Ivlev功能性反应的捕食系统,其中食饵种群具有避难所．本文的目的是对模型进行系统的分析,并讨论由于生物体之间相互作用可能产生的一些有意义的定性结果．     

一类三种群捕食者-食饵交错扩散模型整体解的存在性

应用能量估计方法和Gagliardo-Nirenberg型不等式证明含一类食饵种群和两类竞争捕食者种群的反应扩散模型整体解的存在性和一致有界性,该模型是带自扩散和交错扩散项的三种群捕食者-食饵模型.     

恐惧效应对具有避难所和半封闭捕获的捕食模型的影响

研究一类具有恐惧效应及避难所和半封闭捕获项的捕食系统的动力学行为,讨论了系统平衡点的局部稳定性和正平衡点的全局稳定性.证明了系统存在Hopf分支.并考虑恐惧效应,避难所和半封闭捕获项对种群密度的影响,最后举例说明可行性.     

Competition of three species in an advective environment

Individuals in advective environments, for example rivers, coastlines, or the gut, are subject to movement with directional bias. We study how this movement bias shapes community composition by considering how the strength of movement bias affects the outcome of competition among three species. Our model is a system of three reaction-advection-diffusion equations with Danckwerts boundary conditions. Our key tool in this study is to use the dominant eigenvalue of the diffusion-advection operator in order to reduce the spatially explicit model to a spatially implicit ordinary differential equation model. After an in-depth analysis of the implicit model, we use numerical simulations of the explicit model to test the predictions obtained from the analysis. In general, we find a good qualitative agreement between the explicit and the implicit model. We find that varying the strength of advection can fundamentally alter the outcome of competition between the three species, and we characterize the possible transitions. In particular, water extraction and flow control can destabilize existing species communities or facilitate invasions of non-native species.     

Dynamical properties of a stage structured three-species model with intra-guild predation

This paper considers a stage-structured three species model with intra-guild predation (IGP). First, we show local and global stability of IGP model. It is known that introduction of IGP in tritrophic food chain can destabilize the system. So in order to ensure survival of all species for all future time, we show a necessary and sufficient condition for permanence of IGP model. Next, we consider the IGP model with a stage structure for predator. The model uses time delay to express a maturation period and a through-stage survival rate for the predator. By using stability switch criteria which can provide practical guidelines that combine graphical information with analytical work, we can show that the delay can stabilize the IGP model.     

种群生态系统中的模糊软测量方法

经典的生物模型中,关键参数的难以测量使整个动力系统具有较大的不确定性.本文引入模糊软测量技术,以湿地环境中三种群生态系统为例,将软洲量技术与模糊系统结合应用于种群动力学模型,以种群数量的初始值、时间t及种群变化率为辅助参数进行种群数量的预测.运用软测量技术估计微分方程中关键参数(如竞争系数、最大捕获率、能量转换系数),建立确定的动力学微分方程模型.仿真结果显示此方法的可行性、有效性.     

具有Holling功能反应的非自治捕食系统的持续性和周期解

研究了具有一般的Holling功能反应函数,且种群之间既有捕食关系,又有竞争关系的三种群混合模型,得到了该系统惟一存在全局渐近稳定正周期解的条件,推广了已有结论.     

基于比率的三种群混合扩散模型的动力学行为

讨论了一类基于比率的非自治三种群混合扩散模型,三种群间既有捕食关系又有竞争关系.我们研究了该模型的动力学行为:包括一致持久性,全局渐近稳定性,周期解,概周期解的存在唯一性.表明即使食饵种群在某些孤立的斑块中可能绝灭,也可以通过适当选取扩散率来保证系统持续生存.     

MULTISPECIES AND SINGLE‐SPECIES MODELS OF FISH POPULATION DYNAMICS: COMPARING PARAMETER ESTIMATES

Abstract Population features inferred from single‐species, age‐structured models are compared to those inferred from a multispecies, age‐structured model that includes predator‐prey interactions among three commercially harvested fish species—walleye pollock, Atka mackerel, and Pacific cod—on the Aleutian Shelf, Alaska. The multispecies framework treats the single‐species models and data as a special case of the multispecies model and data. The same data from fisheries and surveys are used to estimate model parameters for both single‐species and multispecies configurations of the model. Additionally, data from stomach samples and predator rations are used to estimate the parameters of the multispecies model. One form of the feeding functional response, predator pre‐emption, was selected using AIC from seven alternative models for how the predation rate changes with the densities of prey and possibly other predators. Differences in estimated population dynamics and productivity between the multispecies and single‐species models were observed. The multispecies model estimated lower mackerel population sizes from 1964–2003 than the single‐species model, while the spawning biomass of pollock was estimated to have declined more than three times faster since 1964 by the multispecies model. The variances around the estimates of spawning biomass were smaller for mackerel and larger for pollock in the multispecies model compared to the single‐species model.     

A multi-objective optimization approach for invasive species control

In this paper, we formulate and analyse a long-term multi-objective dynamic model for controlling invasive species. This optimization framework is then applied to the case of buffelgrass control in the Arizona desert. The proposed model simultaneously optimizes three objectives corresponding to three different valued and threatened resources including saguaros (a native cactus species), buildings and vegetation. The model is used to decide the optimal allocation of labour to these resources to control the population of the species in a multi-period planning horizon. The computational method to solve this problem is based on multi-objective integer programming.     

STOCHASTIC OPTIMIZATION FOR MULTISPECIES FISHERIES IN THE BARENTS SEA

We present a multispecies stochastic model that suggests optimal fishing policy for two species in a three‐species predator–prey ecosystem in the Barents Sea. We employ stochastic dynamic programming to solve a three‐dimensional model, in which the catch is optimized by using a multispecies feedback strategy. Applying the model to the cod, capelin, and herring ecosystem in the Barents Sea shows that the optimal catch for the stochastic interaction model is more conservative than that implied by the deterministic model. We also find that stochasticity has a stronger effect on the optimal exploitation policy for prey (capelin) than for predator (cod).     

带有交错扩散的Leslie-Gower型三种群系统的稳态模式

讨论了带有Neumann边界条件的一类Leslie-Gower型三种群系统,在一定的条件之下,虽然系统对应的扩散(没有交错扩散)系统的唯一正平衡解是稳定的,系统中的交错扩散可导致Turing不稳定性的产生.特别地,建立了该系统非常数共存解的存在性.结果表明,交错扩散可引起系统中出现非常数正稳态解(稳态模式).     

Food chain model with optimal harvesting in fuzzy environment

A multispecies harvesting model with mutual interactions is formulated based on Lotka–Voltera model with three competing species which are affected not only by harvesting but also by the presence of prey, predator and the third species, which is super predator. In order to understand the dynamics of the system, it is assumed that the super predator follows the logistic growth. Further, there is demand for all the above three species in the market and hence harvesting of all species is performed. We derive the condition for global stability of the system using a suitable Lyapunov function. The possibility of existence of bioeconomic equilibrium is discussed. The optimal harvest policy is studied and the solution is derived under imprecise inflation in fuzzy environment using Pontryagin’s maximal principle. Finally some numerical examples are discussed to illustrate the model.