基于改进BP神经网络的组合预测模型设计

为提高预测精度,解决非线性组合预测中的困难,利用改进BP神经网络对非线性组合预测模型进行了设计.讨论了模型设立的原则和一般程序,比较其与传统的组合预测方法之间的优劣,并给出实例加以验证.结果显示,基于改进BP神经网络的非线性组合预测模型能够准确描述系统中的非线性,提高预测精度.     

基于Bass-BP组合模型的微信扩散研究

微信扩散具备非线性变化特征,仅采纳单一预测算法无法有效描述微信扩散的规律.因此,提出了Bass-BP扩散组合模型.首先利用经典Bass模型对微信数据进行初步预测,再利用BP神经网络对Bass模型预测结果进一步非线性逼近.结果表明,Bass-BP组合模型相较于Bass经典模型和BP神经网络这两种单一的预测模型,具有更好的预测效果.     

基于BP神经网络的回转切削钻机凿岩速度预测

为了对回转切削钻机凿岩速度进行预测,采用BP神经网络方法,对胜利露天矿钻机的钻进参数进行分析,选择钻进参数中的轴压、转速、回转压力作为BP神经网络模型的基本特征量,建立了回转切削钻机凿岩速度的BP神经网络模型.研究结果表明:凿岩速度的BP神经网络模型具有极强的非线性逼近能力,预测结果均达到预期要求,具有良好的泛化能力,能真实地反映出凿岩速度与特征量间的复杂非线性关系.     

基于组合预测的变压器故障诊断模型

为了快速准确地预测出变压器的故障类型,及时做好维修工作,本文提出了一种基于非线性规划的组合预测模型.首先,利用改进的鲸鱼算法优化BP神经网络建立IWOA-BP预测模型;然后,在IWOA-BP预测模型和梯度提升树的基础上,利用非线性规划与遗传算法相结合的方法确定各算法的权系数,再将各算法的结果加权得出组合模型的最终预测结果.通过实例验证,IWOA-BP预测模型的变压器故障预测效果强于BP神经网络、随机森林等多种预测模型,并且利用IWOA-BP预测模型和梯度提升树建立的组合模型,其预测准确率高于组合中任意一种算法.     

神经网络在复杂自相关预测过程中的应用及对比研究

由于PM_(2.5)日均浓度值受外界多重复杂因素的影响,其较强的自相关性使得时间序列模型ARIMA构建难以实现,因此,给出高映射能力的非线性神经网络预测模型,并分别建立基于BP神经网络和GRNN神经网络的预测模型,进行PM_(2.5)浓度预测实验.结果表明,BP神经网络回检过程和检测过程存在不稳定性,预测残差波动较大,而GRNN神经网络检测残差呈完全U型,回检过程和检测过程较稳定,并且GRNN神经网络回检数据拟合度、预测数据精度和运算速度均优于BP神经网络,建模过程更为方便,易于实际应用.     

BP神经网络非线性组合预测模型在海洋冰情预测中的应用

针对海洋冰情灾害的非线性复杂问题，目前已提出了多种模型对其进行预测。在此基础上，根据神经网络的非线性和良好的函数逼近特性，提出用基于BP神经网络的非线性组合预测（NN-NLCF）模型来预测海洋冰情灾害。结果表明，NN—NLCF模型与海洋冰情的非线性特性相契合，它综合利用了参与组合的多种预测模型的有效信息，因而能更客观地反映海洋冰情的发展趋势，预测结果更为稳健、精度更高，在其它自然灾害时序预测中具有一定的推广应用价值。     

基于灰色关联分析与BP神经网络的农业灌溉预测

针对农业灌溉用水量预测存在的复杂性、不确定性和非线性等问题,提出一种基于灰色关联度分析与BP神经网络的灌溉需水量预测,首先,采用灰色关联度分析法,选取降水量、蒸发量、平均气温、日照时间、灌溉面积作为BP神经网络的输入因子;然后,根据各影响因子与灌溉用水量的对应关系,对模型训练;最后,将训练好的模型用于2007-2017年灌溉需水量预测中.结果表明,灰色关联-BP神经网络模型预测相对误差在1.81%～5.48%以内,可为农田灌溉预测提供科学依据.     

大连水产品冷链物流需求影响因素分析及其预测

提出了一种基于GM(1,1)和BP神经网络的组合预测模型.首先对传统GM(1,1)模型的背景值进行改进,再利用改进的GM(1,1)模型和BP神经网络模型各自的优势分别预测冷链物流需求量的线性主体部分和非线性残差部分,然后将二者进行加和,并通过MATLAB对大连水产品冷链物流需求量进行仿真预测.结果表明,与单一的预测模型相比,该组合模型具有更高的预测精度,使预测结果更接近实际情况.     

BP神经网络在农机总动力预测中的应用

准确的预测黑龙江省农机总动力,可为黑龙江省的农业机械化发展趋势和农机产品市场分析提供理论指导,为制定黑龙江省农业机械化发展规划和预测近阶段农业机械化发展水平提供参考依据.利用黑龙江省1980-2007年农机总动力数据,运用标准BP神经网络和改进BP神经网络模型进行预测,预测结果表明,改进BP神经网络模型比标准BP神经网络模型在预测精度、运行时间、学习次数等方面更具优越性.     

BP神经网络在企业经营绩效评价中的应用

对企业经营绩效的评价主要采用线性和非线性两类评价模型,非线性评价模型能够更好地对经济现象进行仿真,评价结果客观、准确,更加具有实际参考价值。本文从考核投入产出效率的角度出发,选取基本财务指标构成评价体系,在此基础上,建立基于误差逆传播人工神经网络(BP神经网络)的高新技术企业绩效评价模型。以医药行业2003年度22家上市公司财务数据作为神经网络的训练和测试样本,将训练好的BP神经网络应用于企业绩效的当期评价和仿真预测,实证分析结果令人满意。     

Time to default in credit scoring using survival analysis: a benchmark study

We investigate the performance of various survival analysis techniques applied to ten actual credit data sets from Belgian and UK financial institutions. In the comparison we consider classical survival analysis techniques, namely the accelerated failure time models and Cox proportional hazards regression models, as well as Cox proportional hazards regression models with splines in the hazard function. Mixture cure models for single and multiple events were more recently introduced in the credit risk context. The performance of these models is evaluated using both a statistical evaluation and an economic approach through the use of annuity theory. It is found that spline-based methods and the single event mixture cure model perform well in the credit risk context.     

Neural network survival analysis for personal loan data

Traditionally, credit scoring aimed at distinguishing good payers from bad payers at the time of the application. The timing when customers default is also interesting to investigate since it can provide the bank with the ability to do profit scoring. Analysing when customers default is typically tackled using survival analysis. In this paper, we discuss and contrast statistical and neural network approaches for survival analysis. Compared to the proportional hazards model, neural networks may offer an interesting alternative because of their universal approximation property and the fact that no baseline hazard assumption is needed. Several neural network survival analysis models are discussed and evaluated according to their way of dealing with censored observations, time-varying inputs, the monotonicity of the generated survival curves and their scalability. In the experimental part, we contrast the performance of a neural network survival analysis model with that of the proportional hazards model for predicting both loan default and early repayment using data from a UK financial institution.     

Using principal components in a proportional hazards model with applications in condition-based maintenance

This paper proposes the application of a principal components proportional hazards regression model in condition-based maintenance (CBM) optimization. The Cox proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates is considered. Principal component analysis (PCA) can be applied to covariates (measurements) to reduce the number of variables included in the model, as well as to eliminate possible collinearity between the covariates. The main issues and problems in using the proposed methodology are discussed. PCA is applied to a simulated CBM data set and two real data sets obtained from industry: oil analysis data and vibration data. Reasonable results are obtained.     

European generic scoring models using survival analysis

Credit scoring discriminates between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ credit risks to assist credit-grantors in making lending decisions. Such discrimination may not be a good indicator of profit, while survival analysis allows profit to be modelled. The paper explores the application of parametric accelerated failure time and proportional hazards models and Cox non-parametric model to the data from the retail card (revolving credit) from three European countries. The predictive performance of three national models is tested for different timescales of default and then compared to that of a single generic model for a timescale of 25 months. It is found that survival analysis national and generic models produce predictive quality, which is very close to the current industry standard—logistic regression. Stratification is investigated as a way of extending Cox non-parametric proportional hazards model to tackle heterogeneous segments in the population.     

Additive–multiplicative hazards model with current status data

The additive–multiplicative hazards (AMH) regression model specifies an additive and multiplicative form on the hazard function for the counting process associated with a multidimensional covariate process, which contains the Cox proportional hazards model and the additive hazards model as its special cases. In this paper, we study the AMH model with current status data, where the cumulative hazard hazard function is assumed to be nonparametric and is estimated using B-splines with monotonicity constraint on the functional, while a simultaneous sieve maximum likelihood estimation is proposed to estimate regression parameters. The proposed estimator for the parameter vector is shown to be asymptotically normal and semiparametric efficient. The B-splines estimator of the functional of the cumulative hazard function is shown to achieve the optimal nonparametric rate of convergence. A simulation study is conducted to examine the finite sample performance of the proposed estimators and algorithm, and a real data example is presented for illustration.     

Jackknifed random weighting for Cox proportional hazards model

The Cox proportional hazards model is the most used statistical model in the analysis of survival time data.Recently,a random weighting method was proposed to approximate the distribution of the maximum partial likelihood estimate for the regression coefficient in the Cox model.This method was shown not as sensitive to heavy censoring as the bootstrap method in simulation studies but it may not be second-order accurate as was shown for the bootstrap approximation.In this paper,we propose an alternative random weighting method based on one-step linear jackknife pseudo values and prove the second accuracy of the proposed method.Monte Carlo simulations are also performed to evaluate the proposed method for fixed sample sizes.     

Empirical likelihood analysis of the Buckley-James estimator

The censored linear regression model, also referred to as the accelerated failure time (AFT) model when the logarithm of the survival time is used as the response variable, is widely seen as an alternative to the popular Cox model when the assumption of proportional hazards is questionable. Buckley and James [Linear regression with censored data, Biometrika 66 (1979) 429-436] extended the least squares estimator to the semiparametric censored linear regression model in which the error distribution is completely unspecified. The Buckley-James estimator performs well in many simulation studies and examples. The direct interpretation of the AFT model is also more attractive than the Cox model, as Cox has pointed out, in practical situations. However, the application of the Buckley-James estimation was limited in practice mainly due to its illusive variance. In this paper, we use the empirical likelihood method to derive a new test and confidence interval based on the Buckley-James estimator of the regression coefficient. A standard chi-square distribution is used to calculate the P-value and the confidence interval. The proposed empirical likelihood method does not involve variance estimation. It also shows much better small sample performance than some existing methods in our simulation studies.     

回归分析与基于MIV的RBF神经网络在PM2.5的相关因素分析中的应用

PM2.5作为大气首要污染物,严重影响着人们的身体健康.为了研究影响PM2.5的相关指标,以武汉市的空气数据为研究对象,通过多元线性回归、偏最小二乘回归、基于MIV的RBF神经网络回归等方法对AQI中6个基本监测指标的PM2.5(含量)与其它5项分指标及其对应污染物(含量)之间的相关性进行分析;通过比较,基于MIV的RBF神经网络回归模型拟合度达到0.9302,效果最好,而且也优于BP人工神经网络回归算法,因此得出了精确可靠的影响PM2.5的指标权重大小,为减排PM2.5提供了可靠的理论依据.     

数据挖掘在房地产价格预测中的应用研究

通过基于数据挖掘理论的粗糙集和神经网络的研究,用属性约简算法约简并提取了影响房地产价格的主要指标因素,对降维后的数据进行网络学习和训练,最后用训练好的的网络检验测试样本.方法使学习训练的速度和识别率提高了,为房地产价格预测提供了一种更为有效和实用的新途径.     

基于PSO_Trainlm BP模型的图像去噪研究

针对在使用BP模型进行图像去噪时,模型存在的对初始权阈值敏感、易陷入局部极小值和收敛速度慢的问题.为了提高模型去噪效率,提出采用改进粒子群神经网络模型进行图像去噪.首先运用改进粒子群算法对BP神经网络权阈值进行初始寻优,再用trainlm BP算法对优化的网络权阈值进一步精确优化,随后建立基于粒子群算法的BP神经网络去噪模型,并将其应用到图像去噪研究中.仿真结果表明,新模型结合了粒子群算法的全局寻优能力和BP算法的局部搜索能力,减小了模型对初始权阈值的敏感性,有效防止了模型陷入局部极小值的可能,提高了图像去噪模型的速度和质量.