防洪风险分析中改进的组合分布模型研究

洪水变量分布的选择是防洪风险分析中的一个重要工作 ,目前常用 P- 分布来描述洪水的随机特性 .建立在组合分布模型的基础上 ,本文提出了改进的组合分布模型 ,给出了不同情况下求最优分界点的模型 .实例计算表明 ,改进的组合分布模型在理论和应用上都优于原始分布 ,它能较好地反映洪水的风险     

SV-M模型下VaR和ES估计的极值方法

本文对随机波动均值内模型(SV-M)应用极值理论(EVT)的方法估计了金融回报的风险价值(VaR)和期望短缺(ES).用SV-M建模异方差金融回报时间序列,刻画了其波动聚类.用蒙特卡罗极大似然方法(MCL)来估计其参数.我们用基于一般帕累托分布(GPD)的EVT拟合SV-M模型的修正分布尾部,刻画了金融时序分布的肥尾特性.因此,本文的极值方法有效地克服了原有方法的缺陷,综合考虑了金融时序的波动聚类及其分布的肥尾特性,给出了合理的VaR和ES估计,对市场风险测度的研究进行了有益的探讨.     

沪深股市收益分布尾部特征研究

本文运用跳跃扩散模型和极值理论方法对沪深股指收益分布特征进行了研究。跳跃扩散模型定量化地给出沪深股市股票收益分布产生的原因,沪深股市收益分布为具有胖尾的非正态分布,股票收益变动主要是由离散信息作用引起,一般帕累托分布较好地拟合股票收益左尾分布。     

基于正则逆Gamma分布和广义极值分布的VaR计算

股指收益率的分布和风险价值(VaR)的计算是证券市场研究的热点问题.本文对来自上证指数和深证成指日收益率采用正则逆Gamma分布和偏T分布(SST)分别进行拟合,对极值序列(周、月极大值和极小值)建立广义极值分布函数。并由此计算VaR值,度量这几种序列的风险价值.结果表明正则逆Gamma分布能更好地拟合日收益率的分布,以及采用周极值收益率的广义极值分布计算VaR值来估计风险较为合理.     

基于Copula和极值理论的在险价值度量

针对传统孤立使用GJR模型、极值理论、Copula理论进行风险分析的不足,把GJR模型、极值理论和Copula理论有机的结合起来,给出了基于Copula和极值理论的投资组合VaR的测度方法.首先利用GJR模型刻画单个资产收益率中的自相关和异方差现象,获得近似独立同分布的新息序列,再分别应用高斯核估计的方法、极值理论拟合新息序列的分布函数的内部和两尾,利用Copula函数有效捕抓了市场之间的波动溢出效应,最后使用Monte Carlo模拟法,计算出投资组合的VaR值.实证结果表明,基于Copula和极值理论的VaR度量方法比历史模拟法更有效.     

二元极值混合模型相关结构的研究

二元极值混合模型由于不能反映极值变量之间的完全相关性,因而在应用上受到了一定的限制,但对适当的相关性仍是一个很好的模型.本文给出了二元极值混合模型的一些基本性质,特别用随机模拟方法研究了对来自其它不同极值copula的随机样本,用混合模型拟合可能产生的影响. 结果表明,如果以Kendallτ表示变量间的相关性,在一定范围内,混合模型能够很好的反映其它模型所具有的相关性,且对渐近独立模型边际参数估计的偏差也不太大.最后应用混合条件分布与GEV条件分布分析英镑对美元和英镑对加元两支汇率日对数回报收益率的风险相关性.     

尖峰厚尾保险损失数据的统计建模

保险损失数据的一个重要特点是尖峰厚尾性,即既有大量的小额损失,又有少量的高额损失,使得通常的损失分布模型很难拟合此类数据,从而出现了对各种损失分布模型进行改进的尝试.改进后的模型一方面要有较高的峰度,另一方面又要有较厚的尾部.最近几年文献中出现的改进模型主要是组合模型,即把一个具有非零众数的模型(如对数正态分布或威布尔分布)与一个厚尾分布模型(如帕累托分布或广义帕累托分布)进行组合.讨论了这些组合模型的性质和特点,并与偏t正态分布和偏t分布进行了比较分析,最后应用MCMC方法估计模型参数,并通过一个实际损失数据的拟合分析,表明偏t分布对尖峰厚尾损失数据的拟合要优于目前已经提出的各种组合模型.     

在险风险值估计方法的比较研究

金融数据呈现的厚尾性已达成共识。本文首先基于指数回归模型提出了一种厚尾分布的极值分位数估计方法,得到了在险风险值的估计公式。然后得到了上海上证指数、国债指数和企业债券指数的在险风险值的估计值,比较了他们的极值风险.     

金融市场极端日收益数据的广义Pareto分布拟合

本文基于极值理论和方法建立了上证综合指数极端日收益率的广义Pareto模型,并利用所得的模型计算出日收益率的返回水平及其上尾概率。将估计的日收益率模型比较得出,在实施涨跌停板前,日收益率的上尾明显厚于实施涨跌停板后的上尾,说明了实施该制度可以有效的控制股票市场的投机现象,从而降低投资者的收益损失风险。     

双边Burr分布及其在金融市场风险预测与优化中的应用

考虑到金融数据具有非对称、尖峰厚尾特征,文章将具有尖峰厚尾特征的Burr分布拓展至双边Burr(TSB)分布,给出了其重要的数字特征、极大似然估计、最小二乘估计以及加权最小二乘估计,并通过数值模拟验证了这三种参数估计方法的有效性.其次,文章基于TSB分布构建GJR-GARCH模型,旨在研究TSB分布相比于常见分布在度量金融风险方面的优势.实证结果表明,与正态分布、t分布、GED分布、双边Weibull分布和双边Lomax分布相比,基于该分布的GJR-GARCH模型具有最高的VaR预测精度.另外,文章将基于TSB分布的GJR-GARCH模型与Copula函数结合来构建均值-CVaR模型以研究多元投资组合的风险优化,实证研究亦表明能够刻画非对称特征的该模型具有更好的CVaR预测效果.最后,稳健性检验结果证实TSB分布对于金融风险预测以及投资组合优化的改进效果不依赖于波动率模型和Copula函数的设定.     

基于缓冲超越概率的风险度量及套期保值

尾部风险测度是风险管理中的关键点,本文利用缓冲超越概率模型,量化不同预期损失的风险概率分布,构建条件风险价值约束下的最小化“厚尾事件”概率的套期保值策略,从而将现有研究的视角拓展到考虑预期损失和风险概率的双重维度。本文通过实证数据统计和参数化拟合分布两个方法提供不同风险阈值及对应的缓冲超越概率的稳定解集合,研究结果发现,无论预期损失服从厚尾分布还是正态分布,缓冲超越概率模型均能够显著地降低市场风险和潜在的“厚尾事件”发生的概率,并提供比最小化方差稳定的套期保值比率。     

Modelling losses and locating the tail with the Pareto Positive Stable distribution

This paper focuses on modelling the severity distribution. We directly model the small, moderate and large losses with the Pareto Positive Stable (PPS) distribution and thus it is not necessary to fix a threshold for the tail behaviour. Estimation with the method of moments is straightforward. Properties, graphical tests and expressions for value-at risk and tail value-at-risk are presented. Furthermore, we show that the PPS distribution can be used to construct a statistical test for the Pareto distribution and to determine the threshold for the Pareto shape if required. An application to loss data is presented. We conclude that the PPS distribution can perform better than commonly used distributions when modelling a single loss distribution for moderate and large losses. This approach avoids the pitfalls of cut-off selection and it is very simple to implement for quantitative risk analysis.     

Tail behavior of supremum of a random walk when Cramér’s condition fails

We investigate tail behavior of the supremum of a random walk in the case that Cramer＇s condition fails, namely, the intermediate case and the heavy-tailed ease. When the integrated distribution of the increment of the random walk belongs to the intersection of exponential distribution class and O-subexponential distribution class, under some other suitable conditions, we obtain some asymptotic estimates for the tail probability of the supremum and prove that the distribution of the supremum also belongs to the same distribution class. The obtained results generalize some corresponding results of N. Veraverbeke. Finally, these results are applied to renewal risk model, and asymptotic estimates for the ruin probability are presented.     

平稳序列BMM模型与沪深股市极端风险研究

基于VaR理论正态分布假设导致的尾部风险低估问题,研究了GEV分布下的BMM模型及区间关联下的极值VaR的建模,并实证分析了沪深股市极端风险.研究结果表明:BMM模型对金融风险的厚尾具有更合理的理论基础.然而,涨跌停板极大地抑制了沪深股市极值数据的异质性,形成"极值不极"现象,导致在较高置信度下BMM模型更为有效,而在较低置信度下反而存在低估问题,有效性尚不及VaR模型.     

Conditional tail risk measures for the skewed generalised hyperbolic family

This paper deals with the estimation of loss severity distributions arising from historical data on univariate and multivariate losses. We present an innovative theoretical framework where a closed-form expression for the tail conditional expectation (TCE) is derived for the skewed generalised hyperbolic (GH) family of distributions. The skewed GH family is especially suitable for equity losses because it allows to capture the asymmetry in the distribution of losses that tends to have a heavy right tail. As opposed to the widely used Value-at-Risk, TCE is a coherent risk measure, which takes into account the expected loss in the tail of the distribution. Our theoretical TCE results are verified for different distributions from the skewed GH family including its special cases: Student-t, variance gamma, normal inverse gaussian and hyperbolic distributions. The GH family and its special cases turn out to provide excellent fit to univariate and multivariate data on equity losses. The TCE risk measure computed for the skewed family of GH distributions provides a conservative estimator of risk, addressing the main challenge faced by financial companies on how to reliably quantify the risk arising from the loss distribution. We extend our analysis to the multivariate framework when modelling portfolios of losses, allowing the multivariate GH distribution to capture the combination of correlated risks and demonstrate how the TCE of the portfolio can be decomposed into individual components, representing individual risks in the aggregate (portfolio) loss.     

Tails of random sums of a heavy-tailed number of light-tailed terms

The tail of the distribution of a sum of a random number of independent and identically distributed nonnegative random variables depends on the tails of the number of terms and of the terms themselves. This situation is of interest in the collective risk model, where the total claim size in a portfolio is the sum of a random number of claims. If the tail of the claim number is heavier than the tail of the claim sizes, then under certain conditions the tail of the total claim size does not change asymptotically if the individual claim sizes are replaced by their expectations. The conditions allow the claim number distribution to be of consistent variation or to be in the domain of attraction of a Gumbel distribution with a mean excess function that grows to infinity sufficiently fast. Moreover, the claim number is not necessarily required to be independent of the claim sizes.     

广义Pareto模型统计推断及其应用

广义Pareto分布能很好地拟合数据分布的尾部,广泛地应用于金融市场的风险管理、风险经营问题的研究。利用概率加权矩法得到了三参数广义Pareto模型的参数估计式,给出了阈值的选取方法和风险值的计算公式;利用计算机模拟,计算得出了KS检验统计量的临界值。     

一类索赔额服从指数幂尾型分布的风险模型及其破产概率的渐近性质

本文研究了一类风险模型,其个体索赔额服从指数-幂尾型分布,索赔次数过程为一更新过程,其更新时间间隔服从指数族分布；给出了这类模型在有限时间内破产概率的渐近性质；并讨论了在破产发生后的特征．     

On tail behavior of nonlinear autoregressive functional conditional heteroscedastic model with heavy-tailed innovations

We study the tail probability of the stationary distribution of nonparametric non- linear autoregressive functional conditional heteroscedastic (NARFCH) model with heavy- tailed innovations.Our result shows that the tail of the stationary marginal distribution of an NARFCH series is heavily dependent on its conditional variance.When the innovations are heavy-tailed,the tail of the stationary marginal distribution of the series will become heavier or thinner than that of its innovations.We give some specific formulas to show how the increment or decrement of tail heaviness depends on the assumption on the con- ditional variance function.Some examples are given.