一类非线性波动方程的势对称分类

先给出了含有一个任意函数的线性波动方程的古典和势对称的完全分类.然后,在此基础上给出了含有两个任意函数的一类非线性波动方程的两种情形势对称分类,得到了该方程的新势对称.在处理对称群分类问题的难点-求解确定方程组时我们提出了微分形式吴方法算法,克服了以往难于处理的困难.在整个计算过程中反复使用了吴方法,吴方法起到了关键的作用.     

带幂非线性项变系数非线性波动方程的李对称分类与等价性变换

从微分方程群理论分析角度,研究了一类含有3个任意函数和2个幂非线性项的变系数非线性波动方程.由于方程具有很强的任意性和非线性项,可通过等价性变换寻找方程的不变对称分类.首先给出了等价性变换的一般结果,其中包括一些包含任意元的非局部变换.然后对所研究的方程,利用广义扩展等价群和条件等价群给出了方程的完全对称分类.最后获得并分析了方程的特殊类相似解.     

偏微分方程(组)完全对称分类微分特征列集算法

给出了一个确定含参数偏微分方程(组)的完全对称分类微分特征列集算法,该算法能够直接、系统地确定偏微分方程(组)的完全对称分类.用给出的算法获得了含任意函数类参数的线性和非线性波动方程完全势对称分类.这也是微分形式特征列集算法(微分形式吴方法)在微分方程领域中的新应用.     

具源项的波动方程的非古典对称

给出了具源项的波动方程的非古典对称的完全分类和相应源项的所有可能的具体表达式.除了古典对称对应的巳知源项外,获得了允许非古典对称的新源项,其中包括著名的演化方程,如线性(齐次和非齐次)波动方程,双曲Liouville方程和Klein-Gordon方程等.这些结果解答了Clarkson在2001年中提出的关于波方程非古典对称的公开问题.同时,用分类中得到的对称,通过求不变解构造了以上演化方程的一些新的精确解.     

广义拟线性双曲型方程的对称势及其守恒定律

基于Lie群方法,研究广义拟线性双曲型方程的对称势和不变解.为了得到显式的不变解,关注物理上有趣的有对称势的情况.然后,利用局部的Lagrange函数逼近,在3种物理上引起注意的情况下,得到该方程的守恒定律.     

对称锥互补问题的一类新函数

建立了一类对称锥上含有2个参数的新的惩罚函数,该类函数包含惩罚NR函数和惩罚FB函数,证明了这类函数是对称锥上的互补函数,并在单调情形下证明了这类函数的势函数的水平有界性.     

一类微分-差分方程组的内禀对称和等价群变换

研究一类微分-差分方程组的对称和等价群变换.采取内禀的无穷小算子方法,给出了方程组的内禀对称和等价群变换.为结合抽象Lie代数结构,给方程完全分类提供了理论基础.     

一类对称正交反对称矩阵反问题的最佳逼近

讨论了一类对称正交反对称反问题的最佳逼近.利用对称正交反对称矩阵的特殊性质,给出了矩阵方程AX=B有对称正交反对称解的充要条件以及解的一般表达式;证明最佳逼近解的存在惟一性并给出其表达式;最后给出计算任意矩阵的最佳逼近解的数值方法及算例.     

一类双质子弱耦合碰撞系统的对称周期解

考虑一类具有两个自由度的弱耦合对称碰撞方程的对称碰撞周期解的存在性、重性问题.在一类关于时间映射的超线性条件下证明了方程无穷多个对称碰撞调和解和对称碰撞次调和解的存在性.同时,还给出了一个适合两个自由度的对称碰撞方程的对称碰撞周期解存在的充分条件.     

一类超线性Hill型对称碰撞方程的周期运动

本文考虑一类超线性Hill型对称碰撞方程的对称碰撞周期解的存在性、重性和分布问题.通过坐标变换的方法把碰撞相平面转化为全平面进行研究,在一类关于时间映射的超线性条件下证明有外力方程无穷多个对称碰撞调和解和对称碰撞次调和解的存在性;同时研究在没有外力时方程的对称碰撞周期解的稠密性分布.本文还给出对称碰撞方程对称碰撞周期解存在的充分条件.     

A new method to find series solutions of a nonlinear wave equation

We show that first-order approximate symmetries of a class of nonlinear wave equations contain Lie symmetries as particular cases. Then we present a new approach to find series solutions of the nonlinear wave equation which cannot be obtained by the standard Lie symmetry and approximate symmetry methods.     

一个新的非等谱可积族和一些相关对称

利用李群$M_nC$的一个子群我们引入一个线性非等谱问题,该问题的相容性条件可导出演化方程的一个非等谱可积族,该可积族可约化成一个广义非等谱可积族.这个广义非等谱可积族可进一步约化成在物理学中具有重要应用的标准非线性薛定谔方程和KdV方程.基于此,我们讨论在广义非等谱可积族等谱条件下的一个广义AKNS族$u_t=K_m(u)$的$K$对称和$\tau$对称.此外,我们还考虑非等谱AKNS族$u_t=\tau_{N+1}^l$的$K$对称和$\tau$对称.最后,我们得到这两个可积族的对称李代数,并给出这些对称和李代数的一些应用,即生成了一些变换李群和约化方程的无穷小算子.     

Symmetries of Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation,isomonodromic deformations,and “nonlinear” generalizations of the special functions of wave catastrophes

A special solution of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation $$u_{tx} + u_{xxxx} + 3u_{yy} + 3(u^2 )_{xx} = 0$$ that is a “nonlinear” analog of the special function of wave catastrophe corresponding to a singularity of swallowtail type is considered. On the basis of a symmetry analysis it is shown that the solution must simultaneously satisfy nonlinear ordinary differential equations with respect to all three independent variables. After “dressing” of the corresponding Ψ function, equations with respect to a spectral parameter arise in a regular manner, and this indicates the possibility of applying the method of isomonodromic deformation.     

Conservation Laws and Potential Symmetries of Linear Parabolic Equations

We carry out an extensive investigation of conservation laws and potential symmetries for the class of linear (1+1)-dimensional second-order parabolic equations. The group classification of this class is revised by employing admissible transformations, the notion of normalized classes of differential equations and the adjoint variational principle. All possible potential conservation laws are described completely. They are in fact exhausted by local conservation laws. For any equation from the above class the characteristic space of local conservation laws is isomorphic to the solution set of the adjoint equation. Effective criteria for the existence of potential symmetries are proposed. Their proofs involve a rather intricate interplay between different representations of potential systems, the notion of a potential equation associated with a tuple of characteristics, prolongation of the equivalence group to the whole potential frame and application of multiple dual Darboux transformations. Based on the tools developed, a preliminary analysis of generalized potential symmetries is carried out and then applied to substantiate our construction of potential systems. The simplest potential symmetries of the linear heat equation, which are associated with single conservation laws, are classified with respect to its point symmetry group. Equations possessing infinite series of potential symmetry algebras are studied in detail.     

An algorithmic method for showing existence of nontrivial non-classical symmetries of partial differential equations without solving determining equations

In this paper, based on differential characteristic set theory and the associated algorithm (also called Wu?s method), an algorithmic method is presented to decide on the existence of a nontrivial non-classical symmetry of a given partial differential equation without solving the corresponding nonlinear determining system. The theory and algorithm give a partial answer for the open problem posed by P.A. Clarkson and E.L. Mansfield in [21] on non-classical symmetries of partial differential equations. As applications of our algorithm, non-classical symmetries and corresponding invariant solutions are found for several evolution equations.     

扩充偏微分方程(组)守恒律和对称的辅助方程方法及微分形式吴方法的应用

首先,我们给出了引入伴随方程(组)扩充原方程(组)的策略使给定偏微分方程(组)的扩充方程组具有对应泛瓯即,成为Lagrange系统的方法,以此为基础提出了作为偏微分方程(组)传统守恒律和对称概念的一种推广-偏微分方程(组)扩充守恒律和扩充对称的概念;其次,以得到的Lagrange系统为基础给定了确定原方程(组)扩充守恒律和扩充对称的方法,从而达到扩充给定偏微分方程(组)的首恒律和对称的目的;第三,提出了适用于一般形式微分方程(组)的计算固有守恒律的方法;第四,实现以上算法过程中,我们先把计算(扩充)守恒律和对称问题均归结为求解超定线性齐次偏微分方程组(确定方程组)的问题.然后,对此关键问题我们提出了用微分形式吴方法处理的有效算法;最后,作为方法的应用我们计算确定了非线性电报方程组在内的五个发展方程(组)的新守恒律和对称,同时也说明了方法的有效性.     

基于吴方法的确定和分类(偏)微分方程古典和非古典对称新算法理论

本文基于微分形式吴方法,给出了确定和分类微分方程古典和非古典对称的统一的机械化算法理论.用该理论克服了在传统Lie算法中存在的缺陷,使确定和分类对称更系统和直接,从而扩大了对称方法的应用范围.这也是吴方法在微分领域中一个新的应用.     

Lie symmetries and conservation laws of the Fokker-Planck equation with power diffusion

We concentrate on Lie symmetries and conservation laws of the Fokker-Planck equation with power diffusion describing the growth of cell populations. First, we perform a complete symmetry classification of the equation, and then we find some interesting similarity solutions by means of the symmetries and the variable coefficient heat equation. Local dynamical behaviors are analyzed via the solutions for the growing cell populations. Second, we show that the conservation law multipliers of the equation take the form Λ=Λ(t,x,u), which satisfy a linear partial differential equation, and then give the general formula of conservation laws. Finally, symmetry properties of the conservation law are investigated and used to construct conservation laws of the reduced equations.