线性流量阀内筒孔形状设计问题研究

对于双筒式线性流量阀,内筒孔形状设计是关系到线性流量阀的过流面积能否"线性变化"的核心问题.从工程实际应用出发,对线性流量阀的内筒孔进行了分段地形状设计.经设计的内筒设计能够使线性流量阀的线性控制区达到90%以上,"过流面积"也完全能够达到"最大范围".设计的内筒孔主体形状为矩形和简单曲线组成,易于加工制造.     

维修线性流量阀时的内筒设计问题

针对问题1,利用微元法证明了面积特性曲线保持线性的必要条件.探索了内筒孔为四种特殊形状下,线性关系比较良好.利用最小二乘原理建立了无约束条件泛函极值模型.通过对内筒孔曲线的合理假设,得到了线性关系较好的内筒孔曲线形状.针对问题2,利用最小二乘原理建立了有约束条件泛函极值模型,设计出最优内筒孔形状.通过牺牲严格的线性关系使其逐渐满足两个约束条件,设计出最优的内筒孔形状.最后考虑外筒孔磨损情况提出了基于自动控制理论和逆向工程技术等方法.     

积分及其力量

<正> 1 面积概念多边形可截补成矩形.此矩形的面积被认为是多边形的面积.曲线围成的平面图形,不能截补成矩形,谁能把圆截补成矩形呢!仍以截补思想为指导,同极限概念的形成一起,而得到它的面积概念.例如,由曲线y=x~2,直线x=1,x轴围成的图形,它的面积被定义为积分∫_0~1x~2dx如的值,即(1/3)面积单位.平行于直线x=1,把图形截成等宽度的n个长条形.在各个条形内挖出一个最犬的矩形,这些矩形面积之和为     

平面图形与其直观图的面积关系

新课标对学生作图能力的要求明显加强,因此,探讨平面图形的直观图的性质很有必要.若记平面内的封闭图形为F,在这个平面内建立直角坐标系后,按照斜二测法(即建立45°坐标系x′o′y′)画出这个图形的直观图F′再与原图F相比较,形状有明显不同,并且由于图形在直角坐标系中的位置不同,得到相应的直观图的形状也可能不同.那么不同形状的直观图,它们的面积是否相等?倘若相等,那么它们的面积与原图形的面积有没有一定的比例关系?这就是本文要给予解决的.画出直角边为a,b斜边的c的Rt△ABC的直观图,通过计算可以得出直角三角形的面积与其直观图的…     

线性流量阀的内孔设计模型

在详细分析线性流量阀工作原理的基础上,应用平面解析几何、微积分等相关概念,给出了不存在呈严格线性的流量阀的数学论证.在设计近似线性流量阀时,首先构造了"线性误差函数"用以刻画"过流面积"与角度之间的线性误差.之后在分析内孔为对称直线、对称1/2次曲线的基础上,设计出内孔为倒"S"形内孔曲线图,通过最小化线性误差函数,得到内孔曲线的最佳参数.最后针对外孔有磨损时,给出了设计方案.     

不懂数学原理引发的悲剧

数学上有一类“等周问题”:在周长相等的平面图形中,什么样形状面积最大?在讨论这个问题之前,请你动手做一个简单的实验,将一条长度一定的柔软细丝的两端连接起来,围成任意形状的封闭曲线,将此曲线轻轻地搁置在一个蒙有肥皂膜的铁框内,曲线的表面立即蒙上一层肥皂膜.如果用小针将     

抛物线弓形面积的简便算法

六年制重点中学高中数学课本《微积分初步》在“定积分及其应用”一章中讨论到平面图形的面积时指出:如果图形由曲线y_1=f_1(x),y_2=f_2(x)(不妨设f_1(x)≥0)及直线x=a,x=b(a相似文献   

体积法解一道微积分题

问题　求由曲线ｙ =x~2 在x轴正半轴与直线x=ｎ所围成的图形的面积Ｓ .此题已超出高一所学的知识范围 ,但我们合理运用祖日恒原理 ,化未知为已知 ,利用等体积的方法求解 .解　如图 ,构造正四棱锥Ｏ ＡＢＣＤ ,底面边长ＡＢ=ｎ ,高ＯＥ =ｎ ;又构造柱体ＯＨ ,以ＯＨＫ为中截面 ,高ＦＧ =1 .(其中ＯＨＫ即是曲线ｙ =ｘ2 与ｘ轴正半轴及直线ｘ =ｎ围成的图形 ) .设任一平行于底面的截面到点Ｏ的距离为ｘ ,则两截面的面积均为ｘ2 ,即有ＳⅠ =ＳⅡ .根据祖日恒原理 ,得ＶⅠ =ＶⅡ .∵　ＶⅡ =13 Ｓ底 ｈ =13 ＳＡＢＣＤ·ＯＥ =ｎ33 ,∴　ＶⅠ =…     

求曲线切线方程的两个易错点解析

<正>一、求曲线在某点处的切线函数y=f(x)在定义域的子区间[a,b]上的每一点处都有导数,则曲线y=f(x)在定义域的子区间[a,b]上的每一点处都有切线.若函数y=f(x)在定义域的子区间[a,b]上的某点x_0处导数不存在,那么,曲线y=f(x)在该处切线是否存在?如果存在,该如何来求?下面举例来说明.     

基于几何连续的AT-β-Spline曲线曲面的构造

为了更好地修改给定的样条曲线曲面,构造了满足几何连续的带两类形状参数的代数三角多项式样条曲线曲面,简称为AT-β-Spline.这种代数三角曲线曲面不仅具有普通三角多项式的性质,而且具有全局的和局部的形状可调性.同时还具备较为灵活的连续性.当两类形状参数在给定的范围内任意取值时,这种带两类形状参数的AT-β-Spline曲线满足一阶几何连续性;如果给定两段相邻曲线段中的两类形状参数满足-1≤α≤1,μ_i=λ_(i+1)或μ_i=λ_i=μ_(i+1)=λ_(i+1)时,则带两类形状参数的AT-β-Spline曲线满足C~1∩G~2连续.另外利用奇异混合的思想,构造了满足C~1∩G~2插值AT-β-Spline曲线,解决曲线反求的几何连续性等问题.同时还给出了旋转面的构造,描述了两类形状参数对旋转面的几何外形的影响;当形状参数取特殊值时,这种AT-β-Spline曲线曲面可以精确地表示圆锥曲线曲面.从实验的结果来看,本文构造的AT-β-Spline曲线曲面是实用的有效的.     

正交各向异性圆柱体在轴压作用下的应力场

基于材料体积不可压假设,对轴向压缩作用下圆柱试件在加载面内的环向和径向应力分布进行理论分析,计算结果表明:当试件材料本构为正交各向异性时,环向和径向应力分布为半径的幂函数形式;试件材料为横观各向同性时,环向和径向应力为半径的二次函数.在圆柱试件轴线上环向和径向应力相等,且均具有最大值;试件圆周边界上径向应力为0,环向应力具有极小值.通过最大拉伸应变破坏理论对试件环向应变进行分析,获得了产生环向拉伸破坏时的临界轴向载荷;并采用Hill-蔡强度理论对试件圆周边界上计算得到的应力参量进行描述,得到了轴压作用下圆柱试件的Hill-蔡强度理论表达式,其不仅取决于轴向应力和试件材料的基本力学性能,还与试件轴向变形的应变率及应变率随时间的变化率相关.     

Numerical and experimental study of the flow in an eccentric Couette-Taylor system with small gap

Various papers were dedicated to the technical and industrial aspects of the Taylor–Couette flow, by analyzing the flow structure in dependence of characteristic parameters. Also some studies concerning the influence of an eccentrical position of the rotating inner cylinder relatively to the fixed outer cylinder exist in the case of a large gap width. The principal technical application of such studies is the flow in journal bearings where the gap width is very small, of the order 0.1\% relative to the inner cylinder radius. Analytical and numerical investigations of the flow in journal bearings are generally based on the two–dimensional Reynolds approximation. This investigation in aiming at a validation of the range where the Reynolds equation is applicable in relation to the characteristical parameters: gap width, eccentricity and Reynolds number. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Axisymmetric flow over a backward-facing step in an annular pipe

The incompressible flow of a Newtonian fluid over a backward-facing step is investigated numerically. The geometry is an annular pipe in which the radius of the inner cylinder decreases suddenly. Keeping the radial expansion ratio fixed axisymmetric flows are computed for outlet radius ratios from 0.1 to 1 (ratio of the inner to the outer outlet radius). The Reynolds number at which the flow separates from the outer cylinder decreases as the outlet radius ratio decreases for constant inlet geometry. The growth with Reynolds number of the recirculation zone on the inner outlet cylinder just behind the step is strongly reduced when the recirculation zone on the outer cylinder is established. (© 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The Hertz contact problem,coupled Volterra integral equations and a linear complementarity problem

This paper is concerned with the indentation of an elastic half-space by an axisymmetric punch under a monotonically applied normal force and under the assumption of Coulomb friction with coefficient μ$\mu$ in the region of contact. Within an inner (unknown) circle the contact is adhesive, while in the surrounding annulus the surface moves inwards with increasing load. In this paper it is shown how this problem is equivalent to two coupled Abel's equations with an unknown free point, the inner circumference of the annulus. It is further shown that a product integration finite difference approximation of those integral equations leads to a mixed linear complementarity problem (mixed LCP). A method based on Newton's method for solving non-smooth nonlinear equations is demonstrated to converge under restrictive assumptions on the physical parameters defining the system; and numerical experimentation verifies that it has much wider applicability. The method is also validated against the approach of Spence. The advantage of the mixed LCP formulation is that it provides the radius of the inner adhesive circle directly using the physical parameters of the problem.     

A Numerical Investigation of Acoustic Diffraction by a Circular Aperture in a Rigid Screen

The problem of diffraction of a normally-incident time-harmonicplane acoustic wave by a circular aperture in a rigid screenis discussed. This problem is reduced to a Fredholm integralequation of the first kind which is solved by a numerical methodfor a range of frequencies (the product of the wave number andthe radius of the aperture being less than or equal to 20).A collocation/finite element method is used to reduce the problemto the solution of a set of simultaneous linear equations fromwhich the transmission coefficient and the far-field amplitudeare determined. Investigation of the conditioning of the simultaneous linearequations and the behaviour of the residual function are included.     

The Inner Radius of Univalency of the Rhom busDom ain

§１．　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄＮａｒｒａｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＴｈｅｏｒｅｍＩｆｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｆｉｓａｎａｌｙｔｉｃｉｎｄｏｍａｉｎＤａｎｄｆ′（ｚ）≠０ａｔｐｏｉｎｔｚ，ｗｅｄｅｆｉｎｅｔｈｅｓｃｈｗａｒｚｉａｎｄｅｒｉｖａｔｉｖｅｏｆｆａｓＳｆ（ｚ）＝（ｆ″（ｚ）ｆ′（ｚ））′－１２（ｆ″（ｚ）ｆ′（ｚ））２．（１．１）　　Ｆｏｒａｌｏｃａｌｌｙｕｎｉｖａｌｅｎｔｈｏｌｏｍｏｒｐｈｉｃｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ，ｉｔｓＳｃｈｗａｒｚｉａｎｄｅｒｉｖａｔｉｖｅｉｓｃｌｅａｒ．Ａｔｐｏｌｅｓ，ｔ…     

Monte Carlo maximum likelihood circle fitting using circular density functions

Finding the “best-fitting” circle to describe a set of points in two dimensions is discussed in terms of maximum likelihood estimation. Several combinations of distributions are proposed to describe the stochastic nature of points in the plane, as the points are considered to have a common, typically unknown center, a random radius, and random angular orientation. A Monte Carlo search algorithm over part of the parameter space is suggested for finding the maximum likelihood parameter estimates. Examples are presented, and comparisons are drawn between circles fit by this proposed method, least squares, and other maximum likelihood methods found in the literature.     

车灯光源的优化设计

通过建立直角坐标系,利用线、面方程得出以下结论:1.根据由光源发射的辐射能均匀分布在以点光源为中心的球形波阵面上,把所求的总功率之比转化为以线光源一点F′为球心,|F′B|为半径(B为灯口边缘最上的顶点)的球面被灯口所截得的两个球冠面积之比,经计算得直射光总功率反射光总功率≈0.690683.2.直射光的亮区是由圆滑动而成.3.光源放在车灯焦点处效果最佳.     

Viscoelastic flow in a curved channel: A similarity solution for the Oldroyd-B fluid

A similarity solution is used to analyse the flow of the Oldroyd fluid B, which includes the Newtonian and Maxwell fluids, in a curved channel modelled by the narrow annular region between two circular concentric cylinders of large radius. The solution is exact, including inertial forces. It is found that the non-Netonian kinematics are very similar to the Newtonian ones, although some stress components can become very large. At high Reynolds number a boundary layer is developed at the inner cylinder. The structure of this boundary layer is asymptotically analysed for the Newtonian fluid. Non-Newtonian stress boundary layers are also developed at the inner cylinder at large Reynolds numbers.