换元法在证明代数等式中的应用

在证明代数恒等式时,适当地运用换元法进行变量置换,有时能使思路清晰过程简捷,现举例说明於下。一、通过换元,把多项式的项数减少或次数降低,可简化证明过程。例1,求证(1 x x~2 x~3)~2-x~3=(x~2 x 1)(x~4 x~3 x~2 x 1) (证明)设1 x x~2=y,则左边=(y x~3)~2-x~3=y~2 2x~3y x~6-x~3 =y~2 2x~3y x~3(x~3-1)=y~2 2x~3y x~3(x-1)(x~2 x 1) =y~2 2x~3y x~3(x-1)y =y(y 2x~3 x~4-x~3) =y(y x~3 x~4)=(1 x x~2)(1 x x~2 x~3 x~4) =右边。例2。求证x(x 1)(x 2)(x 3) 1 =(x~2 3x 1)~2     

从(x±1)(x~2±x+1)=x~3±1谈起

乘法公式中有 (x+1)(x~2-x+1)=x~3+1,(x-1)(x~2+x+1)=x~3-1。等式两边互换,就得到因式分解 x~3+1=(x+1)(x~2-x+1),x~3-1=(x-1)(x~2+x+1)。进而有 x~4+1=(x+1)(x~3-x~2+x-1),x~4-1=(x-1)(x~3+x~2+x+1)。推广这些公式,可以得到定理1 (1)对任意正整数n,有 x~n-1=(x-1)(x~(n-1)+x~(n-2)+…+x+1)     

值域内取不到的函数值

现行的参考书和许多数学刊物,都不时出现求值域的一种方法——根据反函数的定义域求原函数的值域,即:要求y=f(x)的值域,可先求出y=f~(-1)(x),y=f~(-1)(x)的定义域即为y=f(x)的值域。例求函数y=x+6(x-9)~(1/2)-1的值域。解 y=((x-9)~(1/2))~2+2·3·(x-9)~(1/2)+3~2-1=((x-9~(1/2))+3)~2-1 ∴ (y+1)~(1/2)=(x-9)~(1/2)+3, (x-9)~(1/2)=(y+1)~(1/2)-3,x=y-6(y+1)~(1/2)+19。所给函数的反函数为y=x-6(x+1)~(1/2)+19。其定义域[-1,+∞)即为所求值域。     

半空间上与高阶Laplace算子相对应的积分方程组(英文)

利用积分形式的移动平面法,给出n维上半空间R_+~n积分方程组{u(x)rn+(1|x-y|n-a-1|x*-y|n-a)(γ1up1(y)+u1vp2(y)+βup3(y)vp4(y)dyv(x)=rn+(1|x-y|n-a-|x*-y|n-a)(γ1uq1(y)+u2vq2(y)+β2uq3(y)vq4(y)dy}解的单调性和旋转对称性,其中0αn,λ_i,μ_i,β_i≥0(i=1,2)是非负常数,pi,qi(i=1,2,3,4)满足适当的假设,x~*=(x_1,x_2,…,x_(n-1),-x_n)是点x关于超平面x_n=0的反射点.本文的结果推广了n维欧氏空间R~n中的结果.     

有关抛物线 y=ax+bx+c 的选择题

1 只改变抛物线y=2x~2-4x+1的开口方向,可得抛物线 (A) y=-2x~2-4x+1. (B) y=-2x~2+4x+1. (C) y=-2x~2+4x-1. (D) y=-2x~2+4x-3. 2 过原点,在对称轴右侧上升的抛物线     

一类三次系统极限环的存在唯一性

本文得到三次系统x=-y(1-ax)(1-ax) δx-lx3,y=x(1-ax)(1-bx)极限环的存在性、唯一性及不存在性的完整结果．     

构造单调函数解题

函数的单调性是函数的一个重要性质,对有些数学问题,根据题目条件及结构特征,恰当地构造单调函数,利用函数的单调性,常能获得简捷、直观的解法.1.求值例1设x,y为实数,且满足(x-1)3 2003(x-1)=-1(y-1)3 2003(y-1)=1.则x y=.解原方程组化为(x-1)3 2003(x-1)=-1(1-y)3 2003(1-y)=-1.构造函数f(t)=t3 3t,易知函数f(t)=t3 3t在(-∞, ∞)上单调递增,而f(x-1)=-1=f(1-y),所以x-1=1-y,即x y=2.2.确定大小例2若(log23)x (log35)y≥(log35)-x (log23)-y,则()A.x-y≥0B.x y≥0C.x-y≤0D.x y≤0解由条件得(log23)x-(log53)x≥(log23)-y-(log53)-y,设函…     

“关于除环的伪理想”一文的更正

对于一般的有限域F,设|F|=P~m,p为素数,m∈N,如所周知,F是其素子域Z_p的单代数扩张:F=Z_p(u),F有无真n-伪理想,决定于代数元u的质式P(x)∈Z_p〔x〕的结构。我们知道,P(x)|x~(p~m)-1,而x~(p~m)-1=(x-1)(x~(p~m-2)+x~(p~m-3)+…+x+1),故P(x)|x-1,或P(x)|x~(p~m-2)+x~(p~m-3)+…x+1。对于前一种情形,P(x)=x-1,u=1,F=Z_p,已由定理6所讨论。对于后一种情形,只知道P(x)是x~(p~m-2)+x~(p~m-3)+ …+x+1的因子,直接由P、m和n给出F无真n-伪理想的充要条件是不可能的,它需要具体地知道质式P(x)的结构才能作出判断。但是我们有     

因式分解方法小议

因式分解是中学数学中重要的基础知识之一,特别是初中阶段,重视因式分解的教学是很有意义的。因式分解也是一种比较复杂的问题,解题千变万化。本文想就这一问题发表一些意见,下面所讨论的问题均是在有理数集合中考虑的,并且只讲除常见的提取公因式法,应用公式法,十字相乘法,分组分解法以外的方法。一一元二次方程求根公式法例1 分解因式6x~2-7xy-3y~2-x+7y-2 解令6x~2-7xy-3y~2-x+7y-2=0。按x求出二根:x_1=(3y-1)/2,x_2=(-y+2)/3 得原式=6(x-(3y-1)/2)(x-(-y+2)/3) =(2x-3y+1)(3x+y-2)。这个方法分解的步骤是:     

数学诡辩

解方程1/(x-10)+1/(x-6)=1/(x-7)+1/(x-9)。解:两边分别通分,得2x-16/(x~2-16x+60)=2x-16/(x~2-16x+63)因分子相等,则分母相等:x~2-16x+60=x~2-16x+63。60=63.不可能,所以原方程无解。另一方面,当x=8时,方程左边=1/(x-10)+1/(x-6)=-1/2+1/2=0方程右边=1/(x-7)+1/(x-9)=1-1=0可见x=8是原方程的一个根。那么这个根     

RECENT PROGRESS ON SPHERICAL HARMONIC APPROXIMATION MADE BY BNU RESEARCH GROUP ——In memory of Professor Sun Yongsheng

As early as in 1990, Professor Sun Yongsheng, suggested his students at Beijing Normal University to consider research problems on the unit sphere. Under his guidance and encouragement his students started the research on spherical harmonic analysis and approximation. In this paper, we incompletely introduce the main achievements in this area obtained by our group and relative researchers during recent 5 years （2001-2005）. The main topics are： convergence of Cesaro summability, a.e. and strong summability of Fourier-Laplace series; smoothness and K-functionals; Kolmogorov and linear widths.     

Instructions for Authors

<正>Submission Authors must use LaTeX for typewriting,and visit our website www.actamath.com to submit your paper.Our address is Editorial Office of Acta Mathematica Sinica,Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,P.R.China.     

THE 8~(th) INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

正August 10-14,2015Beijin,China The International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics(ICIAM)is the premier international congress in the field of applied mathematics held every four years under the auspices of the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.From August 10 to 14,2015,mathematicians,scientists     

Boundedness for commutators of multipliers on Hardy type spaces

In this paper, we study the commutators generalized by multipliers and a BMO function. Under some assumptions, we establish its boundedness properties from certain atomic Hardy space Hb^p（R^n） into the Lebesgue space L^p with p 〈 1.     

A unified approach to certain problems of best local approximation

In this paper we study best local quasi-rational approximation and best local approximation from finite dimensional subspaces of vectorial functions of several variables. Our approach extends and unifies several problems concerning best local multi-point approximation in different norms.     

Towards Excellence in Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

<正>May 26,2014,Beijing Science is a human enterprise in the pursuit of knowledge.The scientific revolution that occurred in the 17th Century initiated the advances of modern science.The scientific knowledge system created by     

THE 8~(th) INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

<正>August 10-14,2015Beijing,ChinaThe International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics(ICIAM)is the premier international congress in the field of applied mathematics held every four years under the auspices of the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.From August 10 to 14,2015,mathematicians,scientists     

Bounds for the zeros of polynomials

Let P(z)=∑↓j=0↑n ajx^j be a polynomial of degree n. In this paper we prove a more general result which interalia improves upon the bounds of a class of polynomials. We also prove a result which includes some extensions and generalizations of Enestrǒm-Kakeya theorem.