对角型拟线性蜕化椭圆型方程组广义解的处处Hlder连续性

设 G 是 n 维欧氏空间 E~n 中的有界区域.B(x_0,r)记中心在 x 半径为 r 的球体,B(r)=B(0,r).W_2~1(G)和(?)(G)是通常的空间.[W_2~1(G)]~N 和[(?)(G)]~N为 N 维向量值函数的空间.限于 n≥3.在 G 中考虑方程     

THE COMPLEX FORM AND SOME BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS OF SECOND ORDER

The present paper is concerned with the nonlinear elliptic system of second order. Firstly, we shall establish a complex form of the system. Secondly .we shall consider the solvability of some boundary value problems for tbe complex equation of second order. let (1) \[{\Phi _j}(x,y,U,V,{U_x},{U_y},...,{U_{xx}},{U_{yy}},{V_{xx}},{V_{xy}},{V_{yy}}) = 0,j = 1,2\] be the I. G. Petrowkii’s nonlinear elliptic system of second Qrder in the botinded domain G, where \[{\Phi _j}(x,y,{z_1},...,{z_{12}})(j = 1,2)\]) are continuous real functions of the variables \[x,y[(x,y) \in G],{z_1},...,{z_{12}} \in R\], (the real axis), and contiriupusly differentiable for \[{z_1},...,{z_{12}} \in R\]. The solutions \[[U(x,y),V(x,y)]\], F(a?, y)] of the system are understood in the generalized sense. THEOBEM I. i) If the I. G. Petrovskii;s nonlinear system of equations (1) satisfies the M. I. visik-D. Xiagi’s uniformly elliptic condition for any solutions U(x,y),V(x,y) of (1) in G, then it can be written as the following complex equation? (2)\[{W_{z\overline z }} = F(z,W,{W_z},\overline {{W_z}} ,{W_{zz}},{\overline W _{zz}})\] where W=U+iV, z=x+iy, \[{W_z} = \frac{1}{2}[{W_x} - i{W_y}],...,\], ii) If the I. G. Petrovskii's nonlinear elliptic system (1) satisfies the condition that there exist two positive constants \[\delta \] and K, such that (3) \[|{\Phi _{j{U_{xx}}}}|,|{\Phi _{j{U_{xy}}}}|,|{\Phi _{j{U_{yy}}}}|,|{\Phi _{j{V_{xx}}}}|,|{\Phi _{j{V_{xy}}}}|,|{\Phi _{j{V_{yy}}}}| \leqslant K,j = 1,2\] \[|det(A)| \geqslant \delta > 0\], in G, then by a suitable linear trans-formation of the variables (x,y)into variables \[(\xi ,\eta )\], system (1) can be written as the following coinplex equation ⑷ \[{W_{\xi \xi }} = F(\xi ,W,{W_\xi },{\overline W _\xi },{W_{\xi \xi }},{\overline W _{\xi \xi }}),\varsigma = \xi + i\eta \] In the following section, we discuss the complex equation (2) of the following form: ,We^B(z9 Wee)x .\[(5)\left\{ \begin{gathered} {W_{zz}} = F(z,W,{W_z},{\overline W _z},{W_{zz}},{\overline W _{zz}}) \hfill \ F = {Q_1}{W_{zz}} + {Q_2}\overline {{W_{\overline z \overline z }}} + {Q_4}{W_{zz}} + {A_1}{W_z} + {A_2}{\overline W _{\overline z }} \hfill \ + {A_3}\overline {{W_z}} + {A_4}{W_{\bar z}} + {A_5}W + {A_6}\bar W + {A_7}, \hfill \ {Q_j} = {Q_j}(z,W,{W_{\bar z}},{\overline W _{\bar z}},{W_{zz}},{\overline W _{zz}}),j = 1,...,4 \hfill \ {A_j} = {A_j}(z,W,{W_z},{\overline W _z}),j = 1,...,7 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right.\] 1) \[{Q_j}(z,W,{W_z},{\overline W _z},U,V),j = 1,...,4.{A_j} = (z,W,{W_z},{\overline W _z}),j = 1,...,7\] are measurable functions of z for any continuously differentiable functions W(z) and measurable functions U(z), V(z) in G, Furthermore they satisfy (6)\[{\left\| {{A_j}} \right\|_{{L_p}(\overline {G)} }} \leqslant {K_0},j = 1,2,{\left\| {{A_j}} \right\|_{{L_p}(\overline {G)} }} \leqslant {K_1},j = 3,...,7\] where\[{K_0},{K_1}( \leqslant {K_0}),p( > 2)\] are constants: 2) Qj, Aj are continuous for \[W,{W_z},{\overline W _z} \in E\](the whole plane) and the continuity is uniform with respect to almost every point \[z \in G\] and \[U,V \in E\] 3) \[F(z,W,{W_z},{\overline W _z},U,V)\] satisfies the following Lipschitz's condition, i.e. for almost every point \[z \in G\], and for all \[W,{W_z},{\overline W _z}{U_1},{U_2},{V_1},{V_2} \in E\], the inequality (7)\[\begin{gathered} |F(z,W,{W_z},{\overline W _z},{U_1},{V_1}) - F(z,W,{W_z},{\overline W _z},{U_2},{V_2})| \hfill \ \leqslant {q_0}|{U_1} - {U_2}| + q_0^'|{V_1} - {V_2}|,{q_0} + q_0^' < 1 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \] holds where \[{q_0},q_0^'\] are two nonnegative constants. In this paper, let G be a simply connected domain with boundary \[\Gamma \in C_\mu ^2(0 < \mu < 1)\]； without loss of geaerality, we may assume that G is the unit disk |z|<1. Now we, describe the results of the solvability of Riemann-Hilbert botindary value problem (Problem R-H) and the oblique derivative problem (Problem P) for Eq. (5) in the unit disk G: |z| <1. Problem R-H. We try to find a solution W（z）of Eq. (5) which is continuonsly differentiable on \[G\], and satisfies the boundary conditions: (8) \[\operatorname{Re} [{{\bar z}^{{\chi _1}}},{W_z}] = {r_1}(z),Re[{{\bar z}^{{\chi _2}}}\overline {W(z)} ] = {r_2}(z),z \in \Gamma \]? where \[{\chi _1},{\chi _2}\] are two integers, and \[{r_j} \in C_v^{j - 1}(\Gamma ),j = 1,2,\frac{1}{2} < v < 1\] Problem P. we try to find a solution W（z) of Eq. (5) which is continuously diffierentiabfe on \[\overline G \] and satisfies the boundaory conditions： (9) \[\operatorname{Re} [{{\bar z}^{{\chi _1}}}{W_z}] = {r_1}(z),Re[{{\bar z}^{{\chi _2}}}\overline {W(z)} ] = {r_2}(z),z \in \Gamma \], Where \[{\chi _1},{\chi _2},{r_1}(z),{r_2}(z)\] are the same as in (8), but \[{r_2}(z) \in {C_v}(\Gamma )\]. Theorem II. Suppose that Eq. (5) satisfies the condition C and the constants \[q_0^'\] and K1 are adequately small; then the solvability of Problem R-H is as follows： 1) When \[{\chi _1} \geqslant 0,{\chi _2} \geqslant 0\] Problem R-H is solvable; 2) When \[{\chi _1} < 0,{\chi _2} \geqslant 0(or{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\chi _1} \geqslant 0,{\chi _2} < 0){\kern 1pt} \] there are \[2|{\chi _1}| - 1(or2|{\chi _2}| - 1)\] solvable conditions for Problem R-H; 3) WHen \[{\chi _1} < 0,{\chi _2} < 0\], there are \[2(|{\chi _1}| + |{\chi _2}| - 1)\] solvable conditions for Problem R-H. Theorem III Let Eq (5) satisf the condition C and the constants \[q_0^'\] and \[{K_1}\] are adequately small, then tbe solvability of Problem P is as follows： 1) When \[{\chi _1} \geqslant 0,{\chi _2} \geqslant 0\] Problem P is solvable; 2) When \[{\chi _1} < 0,{\chi _2} \geqslant 0(or{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\chi _1} \geqslant 0,{\chi _2} < 0){\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} \], there are \[2|{\chi _1}| - 1(or2|{\chi _2}| - 1)\] solvable conditions for Problem P; 3) When \[{\chi _1} < 0,{\chi _2} < 0\]; there are \[2|{\chi _1}|{\text{ + }}|{\chi _2}| - 1)\] solvable conditions for Problem P. Furthermore, the solution W(z) of Problem P for Eq. (5) may be expressed as \[{g_j}(\xi ,z) = \left\{ \begin{gathered} \int_0^z {\frac{{{z^{2{\chi _j} + 1}}}}{{1 - \bar \xi z}}dz,{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} for{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\chi _j} \geqslant 0} \hfill \ \int_0^z {\frac{{{\xi ^{ - 2{\chi _j} - 1}}}}{{1 - \bar \xi z}}dz,{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} for{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\chi _j} < 0} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right.j = 1,2\] where \[{\Phi _0}(z) = a + ib\] is a complex constant,and \[{\Phi _1}(z),{\Phi _2}(z)\] are two analytic functions. The proofs of the above stated theorems are based on a prior estimates for the bounded solutes of these boundary value problems and Leray-Schander theorem. Besides, we have considered also the solvability of Problem R-H and Problem P for Eq. (6) in the multiply connected domain.     

UNBOUNDED SELF-ADJOINT OPERATOR ΠK SPACE

如果A是Πsubsub空间上的自共轭算子，由文[1]可知存在空间昨一个标准分解 \[{\Pi _k} = N \oplus \{ Z + {Z^*}\} \oplus P\] 在此分解下，A有三角模型\[A = \{ S,{A_N},{A_p},F,G,Q\} \].利用三角模型，我们直接证明了 定理1设A是\[{\Pi _k}\]上的-共轭算子，n是任何自然数，那末\[{A^n}\]也是自共轭算子. 定理2设A是\[{A^n}\]上的自共轭算子，那末对所有的\[{A^n}(n = 1,2,...)\]，存在一个公共 的标准分解，在此分解下 \[\begin{gathered} {A^n} = \{ {S^n},A_N^n,A_P^n,\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{n - 1} {{S^i}} FA_N^{n - 1 - i},\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{n - 1} {{S^i}GA_P^{n - 1 - i}} , \hfill \ \sum\limits_{i = 0}^{n - 1} {{S^i}} Q{S^{*n - 1 - i}} - \sum\limits_{i + j + k = n - 2} {{S^i}(FA_N^j{F^*} + GA_P^j{G^*}){S^{*k}}} \} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \] 定理3 设A是瓜空间上的自共轭算子，\[\sigma (A) \subset [0,\infty ),0 \notin {\sigma _P}(A),\]，那末存在唯 一的自共轭算子A1，满足\[A_1^n = A,\sigma ({A_1}) \subset [0,\infty )\] 其次，我们研究了谱系在临界点附近的性状.记临界点全体为\[C(A)\]).对 \[{\lambda _0} \in C(A)\]记S与入0相应的最高阶根向量的阶数为\[r({\lambda _0})\] 定理4设A是\[{\Pi _k}\]空间上的无界自共轭算子，\[C(A) \cap ({\mu _1},{\nu _1}) = \{ {\lambda _0}\} \],那末以下四 个命题等价： (i）\[\mathop {sup}\limits_{\mu ,\nu } \{ \left\| {{E_{\mu \nu }}} \right\||{\lambda _0} \in (\mu ,\nu ) \subset ({\mu _1},{\nu _1})\} < \infty \] (ii）\[{\mu ^{{\text{1}}}}...,{\mu ^{{{\text{k}}_{\text{0}}}}}\]是全有限的测度； （iii）\[s - \lim {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {E_{\mu \nu }}\]存在； （iv)A与\[{\lambda _0}\]相应的根子空间\[{\Phi _{{\lambda _0}}}\]非退化；这里\[{\mu ^{{\text{1}}}}...,{\mu ^{{{\text{k}}_{\text{0}}}}}\]是由\[{A_P}\]与G导出的测度. 定通5 设A是\[{\Pi _k}\]上自共轭算子，\[{\lambda _0} \in C(A),r({\lambda _0}) = n\]，那么 （i）\[{E_{\mu \nu }}\]在\[{{\lambda _0}}\]处的奇性次数不超过2n， （ii）\[s - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\varepsilon \to 0} \int_{[{M_1},{\lambda _0} - \varepsilon )} {(t - {\lambda _0}} {)^{2n}}d{E_t},s - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\varepsilon \to 0} \int_{[{\lambda _0} + \varepsilon ,{M_2})} {(t - {\lambda _0}} {)^{2n}}d{E_t},\]存在。这里\[{M_1},{M_2}\]满足\[[{M_1},{M_2}] \cap C(A) = \{ {\lambda _0}\} \] 定理6 设A是\[{\Pi _k}\]上的自共轭算子，临界点集\[C(A) = \{ {\lambda _1},...,{\lambda _l},{\lambda _{l + 1}},{\overline \lambda _{l + 1}},...,{\lambda _{l + p}},{\overline \lambda _{l + p}},\]，这里\[\operatorname{Im} {\lambda _v} = 0(1 \leqslant \nu \leqslant l),r({\lambda _\nu }) = {n_\nu }\]那么有 \[{(\lambda - A)^{ - 1}} = \int_{ - \infty }^\infty {K(\lambda ,t)d{E_t}} + \sum\limits_{\nu = 1}^l {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{2{n_\nu } + 1} {\frac{{{B_{\nu i}}}}{{{{(\lambda - {\lambda _\nu })}^i}}}} } + \sum\limits_{\nu = l + 1}^{l + p} {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{{n_\nu }} {[\frac{{{B_{\nu i}}}}{{{{(\lambda - {\lambda _\nu })}^i}}}} } + \frac{{B_{\nu i}^ + }}{{{{(\lambda - {{\overline \lambda }_v})}^i}}}]\] 这里 \[K(\lambda ,t) = \frac{1}{{\lambda - t}} - \sum\limits_{v = 1}^l {\delta (t - {\lambda _v}} )\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{2{n_v}} {\frac{{{{(t - {\lambda _v})}^{i - 1}}}}{{{{(\lambda - {\lambda _v})}^i}}}} ,\delta \lambda {\text{ = }}\left\{ \begin{gathered} {\text{1}}{\text{|}}\lambda {\text{| < }}\delta \hfill \ {\text{0}}{\text{|}}\lambda {\text{|}} \geqslant \delta \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right.\] \[0 < \delta < \mathop {\min }\limits_\begin{subarray}{l} 1 \leqslant \mu ,v \leqslant l \\ {\lambda _\mu } \ne {\lambda _v} \end{subarray} |{\lambda _\mu } - {\lambda _v}|\].对\[1 \leqslant v \leqslant l\]，\[{B_{vi}}\]是\[{\Pi _k}\]上的有界自共轭算子，而当\[l + 1 \leqslant v \leqslant l + p\]时，\[{B_{vi}} = {({\lambda _\mu } - S)^{i - 1}}{P_{\lambda v}}\]是以与\[{{\lambda _v}}\]相应的根子空间为值域的某些平行投影. 定理7 在定理6的条件下，有 \[\begin{gathered} {\text{f}}(A) = \int_{ - \infty }^\infty {[f(t) - \sum\limits_{v = 1}^l {\delta (t - {\lambda _v}} } )\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{2{n_v} - 1} {\frac{{{f^{(i)}}({\lambda _v})}}{{i!}}} (t - {\lambda _v})d{E_t} \hfill \ {\text{ + }}\sum\limits_{{\text{v = 1}}}^{\text{l}} {\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{2{n_v}} {\frac{{{f^{(i)}}({\lambda _0})}}{{i!}}} } {B_v} + \sum\limits_{v = l + 1}^{l + p} {\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{{n_v} - 1} {[\frac{{{f^{(i)}}({\lambda _v})}}{{i!}}} } {B_{vi}} + \frac{{{f^{(i)}}({{\overline \lambda }_v})}}{{i!}}B_{vi}^ + ] \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \] 这里\[f(\lambda )\]在\[\sigma (A)\]的一个邻域内解析. 为了建立更一般的算子演算，我们引入两个特殊的代数： \[{\Omega _n} = \{ (f,\{ {a_i}\} _{i = 0}^{2n})|f\]为Borel可测函数，\[\{ {a_i}\} \]为一常数}。对\[F = (f,\{ {a_i}\} ) \in {\Omega _n},G = (g,\{ {b_i}\} ) \in {\Omega _n}\]，定义 \[\begin{gathered} \alpha F + \beta G = (\alpha f + \beta G,\{ \alpha {a_i} + \beta {b_i}\} ) \hfill \ F \cdot G = (f \cdot g,\{ \sum\limits_{j = 0}^i {{a_j}} {b_{i - j}}\} ),\overline F = (\overline f ,\{ {\overline a _i}\} ) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \] 显然\[{\Omega _n}\]是一个交换代数，它的子代数\[{\omega _n}\]定义为 \[{\omega _n} = \{ F = (f,\{ {a_i}\} ) \in {\Omega _n}|\]在0点的一个与F有关的邻域中，成立\[{\text{|f(t) - }}\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{2n} {a{t^i}} | \leqslant {M_F}|t{|^{2n + 1}},{M_F}\]与F有关} 定义 设A是\[{\Pi _k}\]上的自共轭算子，C（A）={0}，r(0)=n,对\[F = (f,\{ {a_i}\} ) \in {\omega _n}\]，定义 \[\begin{gathered} FA{\text{ = }}\int_{{\text{ - }}\infty }^\infty {|f(t) - \sum\limits_{i = 0}^{2n} {{a_i}} } {t^i}{|^2}d{E_t} + \sum\limits_{i = 0}^{2n} {{a_i}} {A^i} \hfill \ DF(A)) = D({A^{2n}}) \cap \{ x \in {\Pi _k}\int_{{\text{ - }}\infty }^\infty {|f(t) - \sum\limits_{i = 0}^{2n} {{a_i}} } {t^i}{|^2}d{\left\| {{E_t}x} \right\|^2} < \infty \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \] 如果f解析，\[F = (f,\{ \frac{{{f^{(i)}}(0)}}{{i!}}\} )\]，那么可得F（A）=f（A）。 定理8 设A是有界自共轭算子，C（A）={0}，r（0）=n，\[G \in {\omega _n}\]，那么 \[\begin{gathered} \overline F (A) = {[F(A)]^ + },(\alpha F + \beta G)(A) = \alpha F(A) + \beta G(A) \hfill \ (FG)(A) = F(A)G(A). \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \] 定理9 设A是\[{\Pi _k}\]上的自共轭算子，C（A）={0}，r（0）=n，\[{F_1} = ({f_1},\{ {a_i}\} ) \in {\Omega _n}\]，\[{F_2} = ({f_2},\{ {a_i}\} ) \in {\omega _n},{f_1},{f_2}\]在\[( - \infty ,\infty )\]连续，在\[\sigma (A)\]上恒等，那么\[{F_1}(A) = {F_2}(A)\]。 定理10 设A是\[{\Pi _k}\]上自共轭算子C（A）={0}，r（0）=n，\[F = (f,\{ {a_i}\} ) \in {\Omega _n}\]f是连续函数，那么\[\sigma (F(A)) = \{ f(t)|t \in \sigma (A)\} \]。 在定理11中，我们建立了F（A）的三角模型并由此证明当\[F = \overline F \]时，\[C(F(A)) = \{ f(t)|t \in C(A)\} \] 定理12 设A施可析\[{\Pi _k}\]空间上的自共轭算子，C（A）={0}，r（0）=n，与0相应的根子空间非退化，T是稠定闭算子，那么\[T \in {\{ A\} ^{'}}\]的充要条件是存在\[F \in {\Omega _n}\]，使T=F（A）。这里\[{\{ A\} ^{'}} = \{ T|\]对满足\[BA \subset AB\]的有界算子B，均有\[BT \subset TB\]}     

原子映射空间中的广义Hahn-Banach定理

经典的Hahn-Banach定理告诉读者在有界映射空间(B(.,.), \|\cdot\|)中\mathbb{C具有内射性. 在第二节中主要研究在原子映射空间(\n^{B}(\cdot, \cdot), \nu^{B})中的内射性.作者得到任意有限维Banach空间在原子映射空间(\n^{B}(\cdot, \cdot), \nu^{B})中都是内射的. 这可以看作(\n^{B}(\cdot, \cdot), \nu^{B})中的广义Hahn-Banach定理.
在经典的Banach空间理论中, 众所周知一个Banach空间E在(B(\cdot, \cdot), \|\cdot\|)中具有\{\ell_{1}^{n}\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}有限可表示性当且仅当E同构于某个超积\prod\ell_{1}^{n(\alpha)的子空间. 作为第二节的一个应用,第三节中作者研究了在原子映射空间(\n^{B}(\cdot, \cdot), \nu^{B})中的\{\ell_{1}^{n}\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}有限可表示性. 作者得到 \mathbb{C是唯一在原子映射空间(\n^{B}(\cdot, \cdot), \nu^{B})中具有\{\ell_{1}^{n}\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}有限可表示性的Banach空间. 这与Banach空间理论中的经典结果是迥然不同的.     

在Freud正交多项式零点处的Gr\"{u}nwald插值算子的收敛性

设$W_{\beta}(x)=\exp(-\frac{1}{2}|x|^{\beta})~(\beta > 7/6)$ 为Freud权, Freud正交多项式定义为满足下式$\int_{- \infty}^{\infty}p_{n}(x)p_{m}(x)W_{\beta}^{2}(x)\rd x=\left \{ \begin{array}{ll} 0 & \hspace{3mm} n \neq m , \\ 1 & \hspace{3mm}n = m \end{array} \right.$的     

SOME SIMPLE GROUPS OF LIE TYPE CONSTRUCTED BY THE INNER-AUTOMORPHISM

当\[L \cong {C_l}\]，l为偶数，且l≥4,域\[\mathcal{H}\]=\[{\mathcal{H}_0}(\sqrt { - 1} )\]，其中\[{\mathcal{H}_0}\]为一有序域（或\[{\mathcal{H}_0}\]满足： а)\[\sqrt { - 1} \notin {\mathcal{H}_0},{(\sqrt { - 1} )^2} = - 1\]; b)\[ch{\mathcal{H}_0} > 3\]; c)若\[a,b \in {\mathcal{H}_0}\]，则 \[{a^2} + {b^2} \ne - 1\]，设Ф和 \[\prod :\{ {\alpha _1},{\alpha _2},...,{\alpha _l}\} \]，\[{\alpha _l}\]为长根分别为L的一组根系和素根系.令\[\{ {h_r},r \in \prod ,{e_r}r \in \Phi \} \]为L的一组Chevalley基;\[G = L({\cal H})\]为对于这一组Chevalley基在域\[{\cal H}\]上的L型 Chevalley群,令\[{w_0} = {w_{{\alpha _1}}}{w_{{\alpha _2}}}...{w_{{\alpha _{l - 1}}}}\]，其中\[{\alpha _i} \in \prod \]且为对于垂直于\[{\alpha _i}\]的平面的反射，显然\[{w_0}\]为L的Weyl群中的元素.设N为G的单项子群，\[{n_0} \in N\]，\[{n_0}\]的自然同态 像为 \[{w_0}\]，且\[{n_0}^2{\rm{ = }}I\]，存在域\[{\cal H}\]的自同构f:f(a)=a,\[a \in {{\cal H}_0}\] , \[{\rm{f(}}\sqrt { - 1} {\rm{) = }} - \sqrt { - 1} \],f在G中的扩充为G的一个域自同构(仍记为f)，且令U(V)为G对于正(负)根生 成的么幂子群，令\[{U^1}\{ u \in U|{n_0}f(u){n_0}^{ - 1} = u\} \];\[{V^1}\{ v \in V|{n_0}f(v){n_0}^{ - 1} = v\} \], 本文证明了 \[{}^2{C_l}({\cal H}) = < {U^1},{V^1} > \]为一单群.     

有界完全Reinhardt域上推广的Roper-Suffridge算子

在$\C^n$中的有界完全Reinhardt域$\Omega$上推广的Roper-Suffridge算子$\Phi(f)$定义为 \begin{eqnarray*} \Phi^r_{n,\beta_2, \gamma_2,\ldots, \beta_n, \gamma_n}(f)(z)\!=\!\Big(rf\Big(\frac{z_1}{r}\Big), \Big(\frac{rf(\frac{z_1}{r})}{z_1}\Big)^{\beta_2}\Big(f’\Big(\frac{z_1}{r}\Big)\Big)^{\gamma_2}z_2,\ldots, \Big(\frac{rf(\frac{z_1}{r})}{z_1}\Big)^{\beta_n}\Big(f’\Big(\frac{z_1}{r}\Big)\Big)^{\gamma_n}z_n \Big), \end{eqnarray*} 其中 $n\geq2$, $(z_1, z_2,\ldots, z_n)\in \Omega$, $r=r(\Omega)=\sup\{|z_1|: (z_1, z_2,\ldots, z_n)\in \Omega\}, 0\leq \gamma_j\leq 1-\beta_j, 0\leq \beta_j\leq 1$, 这里选取幂函数的单值解析分支, 使得 $(\frac{f(z_1)}{z_1})^{\beta_j}|_{z_1=0}= 1$ 和 $(f’(z_1))^{\gamma_j}|_{z_1=0}=1, j=2,\ldots, n$. 证明了 $\Omega$上的算子 $\Phi^r_{n,\beta_2, \gamma_2,\ldots, \beta_n, \gamma_n}(f)$ 是将 $S^*_\alpha(U)$ 的子集映入$S^*_\alpha\,(\Omega)\,(0\leq \alpha<1)$, 且对于一些合适的常数 $\beta_j, \gamma_j, p_j$, $D_p$上的这个算子 $\Phi^r_{n,\beta_2, \gamma_2,\ldots, \beta_n, \gamma_n}(f)$ 保持$\alpha$阶星形性或保持$\beta$ 型螺形性, 其中 $ D_p=\bigg\{(z_1, z_2,\ldots, z_n)\in \C^n: \he{j=1}{n}|z_j|^{p_j}<1\bigg\},\quad p_j>0, j=1, 2,\ldots, n, $ $U$是复平面$\C$上的单位圆, $S^*_\alpha(\Omega)$ 是 $\Omega$ 上所有正规化$\alpha$阶星形映射所成的类. 也得到: 对于某些合适的常数 $\beta_j, \gamma_j, p_j$ 和 在$\C^n$中的有界完全Reinhardt域$\Omega$上推广的Roper-Suffridge算子$\Phi(f)$定义为 \begin{eqnarray*} \Phi^r_{n,\beta_2, \gamma_2,\ldots, \beta_n, \gamma_n}(f)(z)\!=\!\Big(rf\Big(\frac{z_1}{r}\Big), \Big(\frac{rf(\frac{z_1}{r})}{z_1}\Big)^{\beta_2}\Big(f’\Big(\frac{z_1}{r}\Big)\Big)^{\gamma_2}z_2,\ldots, \Big(\frac{rf(\frac{z_1}{r})}{z_1}\Big)^{\beta_n}\Big(f’\Big(\frac{z_1}{r}\Big)\Big)^{\gamma_n}z_n \Big), \end{eqnarray*} 其中 $n\geq2$, $(z_1, z_2,\ldots, z_n)\in \Omega$, $r=r(\Omega)=\sup\{|z_1|: (z_1, z_2,\ldots, z_n)\in \Omega\}, 0\leq \gamma_j\leq 1-\beta_j, 0\leq \beta_j\leq 1$, 这里选取幂函数的单值解析分支, 使得 $(\frac{f(z_1)}{z_1})^{\beta_j}|_{z_1=0}= 1$ 和 $(f’(z_1))^{\gamma_j}|_{z_1=0}=1, j=2,\ldots, n$. 证明了 $\Omega$上的算子 $\Phi^r_{n,\beta_2, \gamma_2,\ldots, \beta_n, \gamma_n}(f)$ 是将 $S^*_\alpha(U)$ 的子集映入$S^*_\alpha\,(\Omega)\,(0\leq \alpha<1)$, 且对于一些合适的常数 $\beta_j, \gamma_j, p_j$, $D_p$上的这个算子 $\Phi^r_{n,\beta_2, \gamma_2,\ldots, \beta_n, \gamma_n}(f)$ 保持$\alpha$阶星形性或保持$\beta$ 型螺形性, 其中 $ D_p=\bigg\{(z_1, z_2,\ldots, z_n)\in \C^n: \he{j=1}{n}|z_j|^{p_j}<1\bigg\},\quad p_j>0, j=1, 2,\ldots, n, $ $U$是复平面$\C$上的单位圆, $S^*_\alpha(\Omega)$ 是 $\Omega$ 上所有正规化$\alpha$阶星形映射所成的类. 也得到: 对于某些合适的常数 $\beta_j, \gamma_j, p_j$ 和 在C~n中的有界完全Reinhardt域Ω上推广的Roper-Suffridge算子Φ(f)定义为Φ_(n,β_2,γ_2,…,β_n,γ_n)~r(f)(z)=(rf(z_1/r),((rf(z_1/r))/z_1)~(β_2)(f′(z_1/r))~γ_2_(z_2,…,)((rf(z_1/r))/z_1)~(β_n)(f′(z_1/r))~(γ_n)_(z_n),其中n≥2,(z_1,z_2,…,z_n)∈Ω,r=r(Ω)=sup{|z_1|:(z_1,z_2,…,z_n)∈Ω},0≤γ_j≤1-β_j,0≤β_j≤1,这里选取幂函数的单值解析分支,使得((f(z_1))/z_1)~(β_j)|_(z_1=0)=1和(f′(z_1))~(γ_j)|_(z_1=0)=1,j= 2,…,n.证明了Ω上的算子Φ_(n,β_2,γ_2,…,β_n,γ_n)~r(f)是将S_α~*(U)的子集映入S_α~*(Ω)(0≤α<1),且对于一些合适的常数β_j,γ_j,p_j,D_p上的这个算子Φ_(n,β_2,γ_2,…,β_n,γ_n)~r(f)保持α阶星形性或保持β型螺形性,其中(?) U是复平面C上的单位圆,S_α~*(Ω)是Ω上所有正规化α阶星形映射所成的类.也得到:对于某些合适的常数β_j,γ_j,p_j和0≤α<1,Φ_(n,β_2,γ_2,…,β_n,γ_n)~r(f)∈S_α~*(D_p)当且仅当f∈S_α~*(U).     

$L^{p}_{[0,1]}$空间M\"{u}ntz有理逼近的Jackson型估计 (英)

设$\Lambda=\{\lambda_{n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$为正的实数数列, 且当$n\rightarrow\infty$时, 有$\lambda_{n}\searrow 0$.本文给出了当 $\lambda_{n}\leq Mn^{-\frac{1}{2}},\;n=1,2, \cdots ,$(其中$M>0$为一正常数)时M\"{u}ntz系统$\{x^{\lambda_n}\}$的有理函数在$ L_{[0,1]} ^{p}$空间的逼近速度,主要结论为$R_{n} (f, \Lambda )_{L^{p}}\leq C_M \omega (f, n^{-\frac{1}{2}})_{L^{p}},\;1 \leq p \leq \infty.$     

DMk OPERATORS AND SPECTRAL OPERATORS

1谱位于平面上的有界\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]型算子 记号与[1,2]相同，不再一一赘述.设序列 {Mk}满足（M.1)，(M.2)，(M.3)即.对数凸性、非拟解析性、可微性[1]. 由{M（k）}我们可以 定义二元相关函数\[M({t_1},{t_2})\](详见[7])以及二元\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]空间 \[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }} = \{ \varphi |\varphi \in \mathcal{D};\exists \nu ,st{\left\| \varphi \right\|_\nu } = \mathop {\sup }\limits_\begin{subarray}{l} s \in {R^2} \\ {k_i} \geqslant 0 \\ (i = 1,2) \end{subarray} |\frac{{{\partial ^{{k_1} + {k_2}}}}}{{{\partial ^{{k_1}}}{s_1}\partial _{{s_2}}^{{k_2}}}}\varphi (s)|/{\nu ^k}{M_k} < + \infty \} \] 其中\[s = ({s_1},{s_2})k = {k_1} + {k_2}\].关于谱位于复平面上的有界\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]型算子的定义及性质可 参看[3,4].设X为Banach空间，B(X)为X上有界线性算子的全体组成的环.当 \[T \in B(X)\]为\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]型算子时，有\[T = {T_1} + i{T_2};{T_1} = {U_{Ret}}{T_2}{\text{ = }}{U_{\operatorname{Im} {\kern 1pt} t}}\] ,此处U为T的谱超广义函数，t为复变量.由于supp(U)为紧集，故可将U延拓到\[{\varepsilon _{ < {M_k} > }}\]上且保持连续性. 经过简单的计算，若\[T \in B(X)\]为谱位于平面上的一个\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]型算子，则T的一个谱 超广义函数（1）U可表成 \[{U_\varphi } = \int_{ - \infty }^{ + \infty } {\int_{ - \infty }^{ + \infty } {{e^{i({t_1}{T_1} + {t_2}{T_2})}}\hat \varphi } } ({t_1},{t_2})d{t_1}d{t_2}\] 设\[T \in B(X)\]为谱算子，S、N、E（.)分别为T的标量部分、根部、谱测度.下面的定理给出了谱算子成为\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]型算子的一个充分条件： 定理1设T为谱算子适合下面的条件 \[\mathop {\sup }\limits_{k > 0} \mathop {\sup }\limits_\begin{subarray}{l} |{\mu _j}| < 1 \\ {\delta _j} \in \mathcal{B} \\ j = 1,2,...,k \end{subarray} {(\left\| {\frac{{{N^n}}}{{n!}}\sum\limits_{j = 1}^k {{\mu _j}E({\delta _j})} } \right\|{M_n})^{\frac{1}{n}}} \to 0(n \to \infty )\] 其中\[\mathcal{B}\]为平面本的Borel集类.则T为\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]型算子且它的一个谱广义函数可表为 \[{U_\varphi } = \sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {\frac{{{N^n}}}{{n!}}} \int {{\partial ^n}} \varphi (s)dE(s)\] 推论1设E（?），N满足 \[{(\frac{{{M_n}}}{{n!}} \vee ({N^n}E))^{\frac{1}{n}}} \to 0\] 则T为\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]型算子. 推论2设N为广义幂零算子，则对于任何与N可换的标量算子S,S+N为\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]型算子的充分必要条件是 \[{(\frac{{\left\| {{N^n}} \right\|}}{{n!}}{M_n})^{\frac{1}{n}}} \to 0{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} (n \to \infty )\] 在[4]中称满足上式的算子为\[\{ {M_k}\} \]广义幂零算子.显然\[\{ {M_k}\} \]广义幂零算子必为通 常的广义幂零算子.下面的命题给出了\[\{ {M_k}\} \] 广义幂零算子的一些性质. 命题 设N为广义幂零算子，则下列事实等价： (i ) N为\[\{ {M_k}\} \]广义幂零算子； (ii)对于任给的\[\lambda > 0\],存在\[{B_\lambda } > 0\]使(1) \[\left\| {R(\xi ,N)} \right\| \leqslant {B_\lambda }{e^{{M^*}(\frac{\lambda }{{|\xi |}})}}\](\[{|\xi |}\]充分小)； (iii)对于任给的\[\mu > 0\],存在\[{A_\mu } > 0\]使 \[\left\| {{e^{izN}}} \right\| \leqslant {A_\mu }{e^{M(\mu |z|)}}\] 2谱位于实轴上的有界\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]型算子本节讨论有界\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]型算子T成为谱算子 的条件，这里假定\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]中的函数是一元的，于是Т的谱位于实轴上.X^*表示X的共轭 空间. 设\[f \in {\mathcal{D}^'}_{ < {M_k} > }\]，由[8, 9]，存在测度\[{\mu _n}(n \geqslant 0)\]使得对任何h>0,存在A>0适合 \[\sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {\frac{{{h^n}}}{{n!}}} {M_n}\int {|d{\mu _n}| \leqslant A} \]且 \[ < f,\varphi > = \sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {\frac{1}{{n!}}} \int {{\varphi ^{(n)}}} (t)d{\mu _n}(t)\] 一般说，上述\[{\mu _n}(n \geqslant 0)\]不是唯一的，为此我们引入 定义设\[{n_0}\]为正整，如果对一切\[n \geqslant {n_0}\]，存在测度\[{{\mu _n}}\]，它们的支集均包含在某一L 零测度闭集内，则称f是\[{n_0}\]奇异的，若\[{n_0}\] = 1，则称f是奇异的.设\[T \in B(X)\]为\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]型 算子，U为其谱超广义函数，如果对于任何\[x \in X{x^*} \in {X^*},{x^*}U\].x是\[{n_0}\]奇异的（奇异 的)，则称T是\[{n_0}\]奇异的(奇异的）\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]型算子. 经过若干准备，可以证明下面的 定理2 设X为自反的Banach空间，则\[T \in B(X)\]为奇异\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]型算子的充分必要 条件是T为满足下列条件的谱算子： (i)对每个\[x \in X\]及\[{x^*} \in X\]，\[\sup p({x^*}{N^n}E()x)\]包含在一个与\[n \geqslant 1\]无关的L零测 度闭集F内(F可以依赖于\[x{x^*}\])，此处E(?)、N分别是T的谱测度与根部； (ii)算子N是\[\{ {M_k}\} \]广义幂零算子. 推论 设X为自反的banach空间，\[T \in B(X)\]为奇异\[{\mathcal{D}_{ < {M_k} > }}\]型算子且\[\sigma (T)\]的测度 为零的充分必要条件是T为满足下列条件的谱算子： (i) E(?）的支集为L零测度集； (ii) 算子N是\[\{ {M_k}\} \]广义幂零算子.；     

一类分数阶微分方程多点边值问题解的存在性

本文讨论下面一类分数阶微分方程多点边值问题 $$\align &D^{\alpha}_{0+}u(t) = f(t, u(t),~D^{\alpha-1}_{0+}u(t), D^{\alpha-2}_{0+}u(t), D^{\alpha-3}_{0+}u(t)),~~t\in(0,1), \\&I^{4-\alpha}_{0+}u(0) = 0, ~D^{\alpha-1}_{0+}u(0)=\displaystyle{\sum_{i=1}^{m}}\alpha_{i}D^{\alpha-1}_{0+}u(\xi_{i}),\\&D^{\alpha-2}_{0+}u(1)=\sum\limits_ {j=1}^{n}\beta_{j} D^{\alpha-2}_{0+}u(\eta_{j}),~D^{\alpha-3}_{0+}u(1)-D^{\alpha-3}_{0+}u(0)=D^{\alpha-2}_{0+}u(\frac{1}{2}),\endalign$$其中$3<\alpha \leq 4$是一个实数.通过应用Mawhin重合度理论和构建适当的算子,得到了该边值问题解的存在性结果.