一道二项式证明题的证法研究与改造

在二项式内容中曾做到这样一题:例题证明C1n 2C2n 3C3n … nCnn=n·2n-1(n∈N*).1例题的证法研究本题一般常见的证明方法有3种.证明1(数学归纳法)n=1时,左边=C11=1,右边=1·21-1=1,等式成立;假设n=k(k≥1)时等式也成立,即C1k 2C2k 3C3k … kCkk=k·2k-1,则n=k 1时,C1k 1 2C2k 1     

直线方程x=my+a的重要功能

解析几何中关于直线过x轴上定点(a,0)的问题,一般同学都用常规的点斜式法设直线方程为y=k(x-a).这种设法会使运算较为繁琐,有时还会陷入僵局.例1　已知过定点P(2,0)的直线l交抛物线y2=4x于A、B两点,求△AOB(O为坐标原点)面积的最小值.图1解　设直线y=k(x-2)与抛物线方程y2=4x联立,　　y=k(x-2)y2=4x(1)(2)消去y得k2x2-4(k2 1)x 4k2=0.(3)因为　S△AOB=12|OC|.|AB|,而　|AB|=|x1-x2|k2 1=42k2 1k2k2 1,　　|OC|=|2k|k2 1,(这里运算量很大,中间过程已省略)所以　S△AOB=12.42k2 1k2k2 1.|2k|k2 1=42k2 1|k|=42 1k2→42.我们发现达不…     

高考新亮点——放缩法与数列不等式

用放缩法证明数列不等式时,由于题目中条件结论跨度大,变形技巧强,需要学生有较强的分析判断、探索问题的能力,因此成为近几年来的高考命题的一个亮点.一、巧妙放缩裂项相消对分式和的不等式问题,一般先考虑对通项放缩,以达到可裂项相消之目的.例1已知n∈N*,求证:∑nk=11k k<3.分析∵1k k=k k 2k k<(k-1)k 2k k-1=2k(k-1)(k-1 k)=2(k(-k-1k)-k1)=2k1-1-1k,其中k≥2,∴∑nk=11k k=1 ∑nk=21k k<1 2∑nk=21k-1-1k<1 21-1n=3-2n<3.点评本题关键是利用了不等式1k k<2k1-1-1k,达到相消的目的.二、裂项无效化归等比转化与化归是重要的数学思想方…     

斐波那契数列与组合数勾股数的两个关系

斐波那契数列是满足递推关系式F1 =F2 =1Fn =Fn-1 Fn-2 ,n >2的数列 { Fn} .本文研究了它与组合数和勾股数的两个关系 .为了研究的方便 ,本文约定 ,当 k <0或s>n时 ,Ckn =Csn =0 .引理 1　 ∑nj=0(- 1) j Cjn Fr 2 (n-j) =Fr n.证明　 (用数学归纳法证明 )当 n=1时 ,Fr 2 - Fr=Fr 1 ,结论成立 .假设当 n =k时成立 ,即∑kj=0(- 1) j Cjk Fr 2 (k-j) =Fr k.那么 ,当 n =k 1时 ,　∑k 1j=0(- 1) j Cjk 1 Fr 2 (k 1 -j)=∑k 1j=0(- 1) j(Cjk Cj-1 k ) Fr 2 (k 1 -j)=∑k 1j=0(- 1) j Cjk Fr 2 (k 1 -j) ∑k 1…     

两个不等式

首先给出两个不等式(2k/(2k+1))2k(2k-)1!!/2k!!(k=2,3,…),[(2k-1)!!]2/(2k)!!(2k-2)!!·π/22k/2k+1(k=1,2,…),尔后,讨论了两个具体数列的问题.     

一类组合不等式的简证与推广

利用概率方法给出了形如sum from k=1 to n(1/k)>π/4(sum from k=1 to n((-1)k-1Cnk)1/(k～1/2))与sum from k=1 to n(1/k)<2～(1/2)(sum from k=1 to n((-1)k-1Cnk)1/k2)1/2的组合不等式.     

数列的循环求和法——探索一类数列和的表达式

数列求和的方法很多,己有许多杂志刊登了各种数列求和方法的文章,本文提及的循环求和法,其思想方法是通过式子变形,使所求和重复出现,造成循环,亦即构造出含有所求和S的方程S=f(s),然后解出S。问题:求 sum from k=1 to n (k·2~k)sum from k=1 to n (k·2~k)=sum from k=0 to (n-1) ((k+1)2~(k+1))=2 sum from k=0 to (n-1) k2~k+sum from k= to (n-1) (2(k+1))=2[sum from k=1 to n (k·2~k-n·2~n)]+sum from k=1 to n 2~k∴ sum from k=1 to n (k·2~k)=n·2~(n+1)-(2~(n+1)-2) 有许多同志会感兴趣于研究sum from k=1 to n (k~p 2~k)     

两个不等式

首先给出两个不等式（2k/（2k＋1））2k〉（2k-）1!!/2k!!（k=2,3,…）,[（2k-1）!!]2/（2k）!!（2k-2）!!·π/2〉2k/2k＋1（k=1,2,…）,尔后,讨论了两个具体数列的问题.     

我为高考设计题目

题93在数列{an}中,a1=1,且对任意的k∈N*,a2k-1,a2k,a2k+1成等比数列,其公比为qk.(1)若qk=2(k∈N*),求a1+a3+a5+…+a2k-1.(2)若对任意的k∈N*,a2k,a2k+1,a2k+2成等差数列,其公差为dk,设bk=1/qk-1.①求证:{bn}成等差数列,并指出其公差;②若d1=2,试求数列{dk}的前k项和Dk.     

一个不等式的再改进及证明

文[1]给出了如下定理及其证明:定理设a1,a2,…,an∈R ,且a1 a2 … an=s,k∈N,k≥2,则有a1ks-a1 a2ks-a2 … anks-an≥sk-1(n-1)nk-2.其中当且仅当a1=a2=…=an时,不等式的等号成立.文[2]指出了定理在k∈R且k>1时是成立的,并且给出了证明.笔者认为在k≥1或k≤0时,定理是成立的,下     

Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems on Sequence Spaces

In this paper we study the solvability of nonlinear, discrete-time boundary value problems for functional equations. Conditions are established for the existence of solutions to problems of the form $$x(k + 1) = f(k, x(k)) + \lambda g(k, x(k)); \quad k = 0, 1, 2, \ldots$$     

The Initial Value Problems and Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems for a Class of the Second order Quasilinear Parabolio Systems

In this paper initial value problems and nonlinear mixed boundary value problems for the quasilinear parabolic systems below $\[\frac{{\partial {u_k}}}{{\partial t}} - \sum\limits_{i,j = 1}^n {a_{ij}^{(k)}} (x,t)\frac{{{\partial ^2}{u_k}}}{{\partial {x_i}\partial {x_j}}} = {f_k}(x,t,u,{u_x}),k = 1, \cdots ,N\]$ are discussed.The boundary value conditions are $\[{u_k}{|_{\partial \Omega }} = {g_k}(x,t),k = 1, \cdots ,s,\]$ $\[\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {b_i^{(k)}} (x,t)\frac{{\partial {u_k}}}{{\partial {x_i}}}{|_{\partial \Omega }} = {h_k}(x,t,u),k = s + 1, \cdots N.\]$ Under some "basically natural" assumptions it is shown by means of the Schauder type estimates of the linear parabolic equations and the embedding inequalities in Nikol'skii spaces,these problems have solutions in the spaces $\[{H^{2 + \alpha ,1 + \frac{\alpha }{2}}}(0 < \alpha < 1)\]$.For the boundary value problem with $\[b_i^{(k)}(x,t) = \sum\limits_{j = 1}^n {a_{ij}^{(k)}} (x,t)\cos (n,{x_j})\]$ uniqueness theorem is proved.     

A method for solving two-point boundary-value problems of difference equations

The paper proposes an iterative solution method for discrete-time, nonlinear, two-point boundary-value problems (TPBVP) of the form: $$\begin{gathered} x(k) - x(k - 1) = f(k, x(k - 1), p(k)), \hfill \\ p(k) - p(k - 1) = g(k, x(k - 1), p(k)), \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ subject to $$h(x(0), p(0)) = 0,e(x(N), p(N)) = 0.$$ It is a counterpart of a method recently proposed by the authors for similar continuous-time TPBVPs with ordinary differential equations. The method, based on invariant imbedding and a generalized Riccati transformation, reduces the TPBVP to a pair of approximate initial-value problems with ordinary difference equations. Numerical tests are run on two examples originating in optimal control problems.     

一类离散m点边值问题正解的存在性和多重性

运用锥拉伸与锥压缩的Krasnosel’skii不动点定理,讨论了一类离散m点边值问题Δ2u(k)+λa(k)f(u(k))=0,k∈N,Δu(0)=∑m-2i=1biΔu(li),u(T+2)=∑m-2i=1aiu(li).在不要求极限li mu→0f(u)u,lui→m∞f(uu)存在的情形下,得到了其正解的存在性、非存在性和多重性的充分条件,推广了文[1]的相应结果.     

线性流形上双对称阵逆特征值问题

１．引言 令Ｒ表示所有ｎ×ｍ阶实对称阵集合,Ｒ＝Ｒ,Ｒ表示Ｒ中秩为ｒ的子集; ＯＲ是ｎ阶正交阵之集; Ａ＋表示Ａ的Ｍｏｏｒｓ－ｐｅｎｒｏｓｅ广义逆;Ｉｋ表示ｋ阶单位阵; ＳＲ表示 ｎ×ｎ表示ｎ阶实对称阵的全体; Ｒ（Ａ）表示 Ａ的列空间; Ｎ（Ａ）表示 Ａ的零空间; ｒａｎｋ（Ａ）表示 Ａ的秩,对 Ａ＝（ａｉｊ）, Ｂ＝（ｂｉｊ） Ｒ, Ａ＊ Ｂ表示 Ａ与 Ｂ的 Ｈａｄａｍａｒｄ乘积,其定义为 Ａ＊ Ｂ＝（ａｉｊ　ｂｉｊ）,并且定义 Ａ与 Ｂ的内积为（Ａ,Ｂ）＝ｔ,（ＢＡ）,由此内积导出的范数为（Ａ,Ａ）＝（ｔ,（Ａ…     

On Initial-boundary-value Problems for a Class of Systems of Quasi-linear Evolution Equations

In this paper the initial-boundary-value problems for pseudo-hyperbolic system of quasi-linear equations: {(-1)^Mu_{tt} + A(x, t, U, V)u_x^{2M}_{tt} = B(x, t, U, V)u_x^{2M}_{t} + C(x, t, U, V)u_x^{2M} + f(x, t, U, V) u_x^k(0,t) = ψ_{0k}(t), \quad u_x^k(l,t) = ψ_{lk}(t), \quad k = 0,1,…,M - 1 -u(x,0) = φ_0(x), \quad u_t(x,0) = φ_1(x) is studied, where U = (u_1, u_x,…,u_x^{2M - 1}) V = (u_t, u_{xt},…,u_x^{2M - 1_t}), A, B, C are m × m matrices, u, f, ψ_{0k}, ψ_{1k}, ψ_0, ψ_1 are m-dimensional vector functions. The existence and uniqueness of the generalized solution (in H² (0, T; H^{2M} (0, 1))) of the problems are proved.     

解y"=g(x,y)初值问题含参数线性多步方法的相容阶和收敛阶

1 引 言对于直接积分二阶常微分方程的初值问题 y"=g(x,y) y (x_0)=y_0,y'(x_0)=y"_0,x_0 x T,(1)     

Approximation properties of certain interpolation operators of entire exponential type inL p (−∞,+∞) spaces

In this paper, we consider the convergence and saturation problems of the following discrete type interpolation operators:

On constant-sign solutions of a system of discrete equations

We consider the following system of discrete equations $$u_i (k) = \sum\limits_{\ell = 0}^N {g_i (k,\ell )fi(\ell ,u_1 (\ell )} ,u_2 (\ell ), \cdots ,u_n (\ell )), k \in \{ 0,1, \cdots ,T\} ,$$ 1≤i≤n whereT≥N>0, 1≤i≤n. Existence criteria for single, double and multiple constant-sign solutions of the system are established. To illustrate the generality of the results obtained, we include applications to several well known boundary value problems. The above system is also extended to that on {0, 1,…} $$u_i (k) = \sum\limits_{\ell = 0}^\infty {g_i (k,\ell )fi(\ell ,u_1 (\ell )} ,u_2 (\ell ), \cdots ,u_n (\ell )), k \in \{ 0,1, \cdots \} ,1 \leqslant i \leqslant n$$ for which the existence of constant-sign solutions is investigated.