隧道迷宫

维利探长要与4名线报员在地铁站里碰面。首先，他必须见到粉色站台的线报员，再由这名线报员告知他，下面要见谁。你能为维利在隧道网中找出正确且最短的路线吗？     

气体高次谐波的二维半经典理论

描述了原子在激光场作用下电子的运动行为,采用三维静电隧道电离率表达式在高次谐波的半经典理论的基础上解析地给出了二维半经典模型,并利用此模型对高次谐波的许多特点进行了解释（其中包括对电子在激光场中得到的最大能量3.17 U_p的解析推导）.最后解释了在超短脉冲作用下产生的高次谐波阶数很快增高以及最高次谐波谱的反常振荡等实验现象.     

公路隧道围岩稳定性评价的改进人工神经网络方法

本文运用改进的人工神经网络方法 ,研究了公路隧道围岩稳定性的评价定级问题 .首先讨论了模型建立和算法选择与分析 ,并对实际的工程问题进行了计算和模拟 .所得的评价定级结果接近于实际 ,计算方法可靠 ,计算时间适中 ,方法稳定性良好 .本文的研究结果表明 ,利用人工神经网络方法评价隧道围岩的稳定性具有广阔应用前景 .     

扫描隧道显微镜下Cu-Zn-Al合金贝氏体组织的研究

在大气环境下用扫描隧道显微镜(Scanning Tunneling Microscope,简称STM)对Cu-Zn-Al合金的贝氏体组织进行了研究,发现在此类置换式固溶型的贝氏体中存在亚单元结构,亚单元形状规则并呈有规律的排列,表明它们确实是贝氏体内部的精细结构,并与贝氏体形成机制密切相关,实验重复性好,图象清晰,说明STM用于研究有色合金的贝氏体组织及相变是可行的。     

基于风险网络的大型工程项目风险度量方法研究

风险度量是风险管理的基础,提出适合大型工程项目风险的风险度量方法.针对大型工程项目风险因素、风险信息、风险损失之间的复杂联系,构建大型工程项目风险网络,分别采用贝叶斯网络推理和网络层次分析法获得风险发生概率和风险量的估计,从而提出基于风险网络的大型工程项目风险度量方法.方法将风险损失量和风险损失发生概率进行了明确合理的结合,既可用于度量客观风险,也可用于度量主观风险.最后以槽菁头隧道施工风险管理为例说明该方法的具体应用步骤和效果.     

基于层次分析-可拓模型的公路隧道施工风险评估

公路隧道施工存在的风险因素较多、较为复杂,运用科学的方法对公路隧道施工风险进行评估,具有一定的现实意义.首先,从地质条件、开挖断面等四个方面对风险进行划分,建立公路隧道施工风险评估指标体系.其次,运用层次分析法确定各评估指标权重,基于该权重建立层次分析-可拓模型,综合考虑公路隧道施工风险发生的概率及带来的损失,将风险定级.最后,结合湖南地区某公路隧道工程进行实例分析,得出地质条件风险、开挖断面风险、隧洞施工风险、洞口工程风险分别为高、较高、中等、较高,总体风险为较高的结论.在项目实施过程中,风险的现场调研情况与评估结果较为接近,证明了方法可行.运用层次分析-可拓模型对公路隧道施工风险评估是一种新的尝试,能够为同类问题的研究提供借鉴.     

最小二乘原理在隧道施工安全质量预测预报中的应用

土建工程的安全质量控制的本质,就是运用数理统计原理,归纳、分析实测得到的有关数据,从而达到对现场安全作出准确诊断、对施工质量作出正确评价之目的,其中最常涉及的数学理论知识点是最小二乘原理.通过一隧道工程实例,阐明了最小二乘原理在其安全质量预测预报中的作用及使用,颇具实用性操作性地实现了数学理论与工程实际的密切结合.     

基于分数阶损伤蠕变模型的圆形隧洞黏弹塑性解

深埋隧洞围岩变形是一个与时间相关的复杂力学过程.为了描述这一过程,首先基于分数阶理论,提出一个新的非线性蠕变损伤本构模型.然后基于该模型,并引入Hoke-Brown屈服准则,推导出深埋条件下圆形隧洞围岩位移的黏弹塑性解析解.最后,以锦屏二级水电站辅助洞为工程实例,对解析解的有效性进行验证,并分析了流变参数对流变位移的影响.研究结果表明:1)分数阶蠕变损伤本构可以较好的描述岩石蠕变全过程,即衰减蠕变、常速蠕变及加速蠕变过程.2)随着模型中分数阶阶次及损伤因子量值的增加,围岩的蠕变变形更为明显.3)解析曲线与现场实测位移平均值曲线在量值与形态上均吻合较好,验证了解析解的有效性.     

Unification of Filled Function and Tunnelling Function in Global Optimization

In this paper,two auxiliary functions for global optimization are proposed.These two auxiliaryfunctions possess all characters of tunnelling functions and filled functions under certain general assumptions.Thus,they can be considered as the unification of filled function and tunnelling function.Moreover,the processof tunneling or filling for global optimization can be unified as the minimization of such auxiliary functions.Result of numerical experiments shows that such two auxiliary functions are effective.     

量子化腔体-原子系统的Born-Oppenheimer近似与原子态隧穿的定域化控制

应用广义Born-Oppenheimer近似理论,研究了单模腔场中二能级原子状态隧道效应的定域化控制问题,定量地分析了相干态腔场中原子手征态隧道效应的非绝热影响,给出了实现定域化的条件,还讨论了温度变化对原子态隧道效应的影响.     

Destabilizing Heegaard splittings of knot exteriors

We give a necessary and sufficient condition for Heegaard splittings of knot exteriors to admit destabilizations. As an application, we show the following: let K₁ and K₂ be a pair of knots which is introduced by Morimoto as an example giving degeneration of tunnel number under connected sum. The Heegaard splitting of the exterior of K₁#K₂ derived from certain minimal unknotting tunnel systems of K₁ and K₂ is stabilized.     

A note on tunnel number of composite knots

Let K be a knot in a sphere S³. We denote by t(K) the tunnel number of K. For two knots K₁ and K₂, we denote by K₁?K₂ the connected sum of K₁ and K₂. In this paper, we will prove that if one of K₁ and K₂ has high distance while the other has distance at least 3 then t(K₁?K₂)=t(K₁)+t(K₂)+1.     

Metrics on products of surfaces with non-positive sectional curvature

Let (S _i, g_i),i=1, 2 be two compact riemannian surfaces isometrically embedded in euclidean spaces. In this paper we show that ifM=S ₁×S₂,then for any functionF: M→R, the graph ofF, i.e. the manifold {(x, F(x)): x∈M}, does not have positive sectional curvature.     

On a behavior of a slice of the -character variety of a knot group under the connected sum

We observe a behavior of a slice (an algebraic subset) S₀(K) of the -character variety of a knot group under the connected sum of knots. It turns out that the number of 0-dimensional components of S₀(K) is additive under the connected sum of knots.     

Generalized connected sum construction for scalar flat metrics

In this paper we construct constant scalar curvature metrics on the generalized connected sum M = M₁  \sharp_K  M₂{M = M_1 \, \sharp_K \, M_2} of two compact Riemannian scalar flat manifolds (M ₁, g ₁) and (M ₂, g ₂) along a common Riemannian submanifold (K, g _K ) whose codimension is ≥3. Here we present two constructions: the first one produces a family of “small” (in general nonzero) constant scalar curvature metrics on the generalized connected sum of M ₁ and M ₂. It yields an extension of Joyce’s result for point-wise connected sums in the spirit of our previous issues for nonzero constant scalar curvature metrics. When the initial manifolds are not Ricci flat, and in particular they belong to the (1₊) class in the Kazdan–Warner classification, we refine the first construction in order to produce a family of scalar flat metrics on M. As a consequence we get new solutions to the Einstein constraint equations on the generalized connected sum of two compact time symmetric initial data sets, extending the Isenberg–Mazzeo–Pollack gluing construction.     

Epstein–Penner Decompositions and Thrice Punctured Spheres in Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds

Let M be a cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold containing an incompressible thrice punctured sphere S. Suppose that M is not the Whitehead link complement. We prove that a certain arc on S is isotopic to an edge of a Euclidean decomposition of M. By using the above result, we relate alternating knot diagrams and the canonical decompositions. Let K be an alternating hyperbolic knot. On a reduced alternating knot diagram of K, if we replace one of the crossings with a large number of half twists, the polar axis of the crossing is isotopic to an edge of the canonical decomposition for the resulting knot.     

On nonnegatively curved 4-manifolds with discrete symmetry

Let M be the closed, simply connected, 4-manifold with nonnegative sectional curvature, called a nonnegatively curved 4-manifold, with an effective and isometric Z _m -action for a positive integer m ≧ 61⁷. Assume that Z _m acts trivially on the homology of M. The goal of this short paper is to prove that if the fixed point set of any nontrivial element of Z _m has at most one two-dimensional component, then M is homeomorphic to S ⁴, # _i ^l =1S ² × S ², l = 1, 2, or # _j ^k = 1 ± CP ², k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The main strategy of this paper is to give an upper bound of the Euler characteristic χ(M) under the homological assumption of a Z _m -action as above by using the Lefschetz fixed point formula.     

Similarity of matrices under SL(n,K)

Take a similarity class of n × n matrices over a field K Let p_i ,(λ) ^m(i) be the elementary divisors L_i , = K [λ]/(p_i ). Under conjugation by SL(n, K), the class splits into subclasses corresponding to the elements of K^×/Π(NL _i ^×) ^m(i).     

On moduli of vector bundles on surfaces with negative Kodaira dimension

Summary Here we prove the following result. Fix integersq, τ,a’, b’, a’ _i, 1≤i≤τ,a’, b’, a’ _i, 1≤i≤τ; then there is an integerew such that for every integert≥w, for every algebraically closed fieldK for every smooth complete surfaceX with negative Kodaira dimension, irregularityq andK _X ² =8(1−q)−τ, the following condition holds; ifX→S is a sequence fo τ blowing-downs which gives a relatively minimal model with ruling ρ:S→C, take as basis of the Neron Severi groupNS(X) a smooth rational curve which is the total transform of a fiber ofC, the total transform of a minimal section of ρ and the total transformD _i, 1≤i≤τ, of the exceptional curver; then for everyH andL∈Pic (X) withH ample,H (resp.L) represented by the integersa’, b’, a’ _i, (resp.a’, b’, a’ _i), 1≤i≤τ, in the chosen basis ofNS(X) the moduli spaceM(ZX, 2,H, L, t) of rank 2H-stable vector bundles onX with determinantL andc ₂=t is generically smooth and the number, dimension and ?birational structure? of the irreducible components ofM(X, 2,H, L, t)_red do not depend on the choice ofK andX. Furthermore the birational structure of these irreducible components can be loosely described in terms of the birational structure of the components of suitableM(S, 2,H’, L’, t’)_red withS a relatively minimal model ofX.

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Sunto SiaX una superficie algebrica liscia completa con dimensione di Kodaira negativa e definita su un campo algebricamente chiusoK; fissiamoH eL∈Pic (X),t∈Z; siaq l’irregolarità diX e τ≔8(1−q)−K _X ^Emphasis>2 ; siaM(X, 2,H, L, t) to schema dei moduli dei fibrati vettorialiH-stabili di rango 2 suX con determinateL ec ₂=t. Si dimostra che esiste una costantew che dipende solo daq, da τ e dalla classe numerica diH e diL (ma non da char (K) o dalla classe di isomorphismo diX) tale che per ognit≥w il numero, la dimensione e ?la struttura birazionale? delle componenti irriducibili diM(X, 2,H, L, t)_red non dipende dalla scelta di char (K),K eX ma solo daq, τ e dalle classi diH eL inNS(X). Inoltre la ?struttura birazionale? di queste componenti irriducibili può essere grossolanamente descritta in termini delle componenti di opportuni spazi di moduliM(S, 2,H’, L’, t’) (doveS è un modello minimale diX).